{"id":114593,"date":"2024-03-27T00:25:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T22:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya"},"modified":"2024-03-27T00:25:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T22:25:46","slug":"distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/distributiv-fedora-linux-40-pereshyol-na-stadiyu-beta-testirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Distribu\u021bia Fedora Linux 40 a trecut \u00een etapa de beta-testing","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A \u00eenceput testarea versiunii beta a distribu\u021biei Fedora Linux 40. Lansarea beta marcheaz\u0103 trecerea \u00een ultima etap\u0103 de testare, \u00een care sunt permise doar corectarea erorilor critice. Lansarea este planificat\u0103 pentru 23 aprilie. Versiunea acoper\u0103 Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora Onyx \u0219i versiunile Live livrate sub form\u0103 de spini cu medii personalizate precum KDE Plasma 5, Xfce, MATE, Cinnamon, LXDE, Phosh, LXQt, Budgie \u0219i Sway. Versiunile sunt formate pentru arhitecturile x86_64, Power64 \u0219i ARM64 (AArch64).       <\/p>\n<p>Cele mai semnificative schimb\u0103ri \u00een Fedora Linux 40:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Desktop-ul din Fedora Workstation a fost actualizat la versiunea GNOME 46.\n<li class=\"l\"> Editia cu desktop KDE a fost actualizat\u0103 la versiunea KDE 6, care folose\u0219te protocolul Wayland. Suportul pentru sesiunea bazat\u0103 pe protocolul X11 a fost abandonat, iar pentru a rula aplica\u021biile X11 \u00eentr-o sesiune bazat\u0103 pe Wayland a fost utilizat serverul DDX XWayland. Motivul pentru care s-a renun\u021bat la suportul pentru sesiunile X11 este trecerea serverului X.Org \u00een RHEL 9 \u00een categoria de produse \u00eenvechite \u0219i decizia de a-l elimina complet \u00een viitoarea versiune semnificativ\u0103 RHEL 10. Printre factorii care au contribuit la p\u0103strarea doar a suportului Wayland se num\u0103r\u0103 \u00eenlocuirea driverelor fbdev cu driverul simpledrm, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect cu Wayland, realizat\u0103 \u00een Fedora 36, precum \u0219i apari\u021bia suportului Wayland \u00een driverele proprietare NVIDIA.\n<li class=\"l\"> Distribu\u021biile utilizator de tip atomic dezvoltate de proiectul Fedora au fost reunite sub marca Atomic Desktops, dar vechile build-uri atomice au p\u0103strat denumirea ini\u021bial\u0103. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, Fedora Silverblue bazat pe GNOME \u0219i Fedora Kinoite bazat pe KDE, precum \u0219i Fedora CoreOS \u0219i Fedora IoT \u0219i-au p\u0103strat numele anterioare, \u00eens\u0103 noile build-uri Fedora Sericea \u0219i Fedora Onyx sunt acum distribuite sub denumirile Fedora Sway Atomic \u0219i Fedora Budgie Atomic.\n<li class=\"l\"> Versiunile pachetelor au fost actualizate, printre care LLVM 18, GCC 14, binutils 2.41, glibc 2.39, gdb 14.1, PHP 8.3, Ruby 3.3, Go 1.22, Java 21, AMD ROCm 6, Boost 1.83, 389 Directory Server 3.0.0, Podman 5, PostgreSQL 16, TBB (Thread Building Blocks) 2021.8, SQLAlchemy 2, Kubernetes 1.29.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen configuratorul NetworkManager, mecanismul de detectare a conflictelor IPv4 \u00een re\u021beaua local\u0103 (RFC 5227) este activat \u00een mod implicit. Acesta const\u0103 \u00een trimiterea unui pachet ARP de verificare \u00eenainte de a asocia adresa cu interfa\u021ba de re\u021bea (dac\u0103 se prime\u0219te un r\u0103spuns, adresa este ocupat\u0103 \u0219i nu va fi atribuit\u0103). Pentru conexiunile wireless, se ofer\u0103 atribuirea unei adrese MAC permanente separate (modul stable-ssid \u00een NetworkManager).\n<li class=\"l\">  Instrumentele de compilare Mock (mock-core-configs), Koji \u0219i Copr au fost migrate la utilizarea managerului de pachete DNF 5 pentru instalarea dependen\u021belor de compilare \u00een mediu chroot utilizat \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii pachetelor. Migr\u0103rile pentru distribu\u021bia \u00eens\u0103\u0219i la DNF 5 sunt a\u0219teptate \u00een urm\u0103toarea versiune.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen managerul de pachete DNF, desc\u0103rcarea metadatelor din listele de fi\u0219iere incluse \u00een pachete este dezactivat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit. Astfel de date sunt rar utilizate, dar au o dimensiune mare \u0219i \u00eencetinesc func\u021bionarea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetul cu biblioteca OpenSSL 1.1 a fost eliminat, din cauza \u00eencet\u0103rii suportului pentru aceast\u0103 ramur\u0103. Dependen\u021bele legate de OpenSSL 1.1 au fost mutate pe OpenSSL 3.0. Pachetul python3.7 a fost, de asemenea, eliminat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteca Zlib a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu fork-ul Zlib-ng, compatibil cu zlib la nivel de API, dar oferind optimiz\u0103ri suplimentare pentru cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei.\n<li class=\"l\"> Generarea actualiz\u0103rilor delta pentru pachetele RPM, care permiteau desc\u0103rcarea doar a datelor modificate \u00een raport cu versiunea deja instalat\u0103 a pachetului, a fost oprit\u0103. Suportul pentru deltarpm \u00een DNF \u0219i DNF5 a fost dezactivat.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat Passim, un sistem de caching <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"serverul\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">serverul<\/a> pentru distribuirea fi\u0219ierelor frecvent solicitate \u00een re\u021beaua local\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a face apel direct la serverele principale \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 a implica CDN-uri globale.\n<li class=\"l\"> Modulul pam_userdb a fost transformat din utilizarea BerkeleyDB \u00een GDBM datorit\u0103 \u00eencet\u0103rii suportului pentru ramura BerkeleyDB 5.x \u0219i a mut\u0103rii ramurii BerkeleyDB 6.x pe o licen\u021b\u0103 inacceptabil\u0103. Bogofilter a fost migrat la utilizarea SQLite \u00een loc de BerkeleyDB (libdb).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru construirea imaginilor Live ale Fedora Workstation s-a utilizat instrumentarul Image Builder, care suport\u0103 construc\u021bii repetabile \u0219i ofer\u0103 utilizatorilor un proces mai simplu de personalizare a imaginilor.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru construc\u021bia imaginilor minimizate pentru arhitectura ARM s-a folosit instrumentul osbuild.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru formarea imaginilor Fedora Cloud Edition, \u00een loc de ImageFactory, s-a folosit instrumentarul Kiwi.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost efectuat\u0103 o restructurare a pachetelor pentru Kubernetes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fedora IoT, edi\u021bia pentru dispozitivele internetului lucrurilor, a fost adaptat\u0103 pentru a utiliza containere de boot, formate cu ajutorul instrumentului OSTree \u0219i tehnologiei bootc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul wget a fost \u00eenlocuit cu wget2, iar utilitarul iotop cu iotop-c.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen edi\u021biile Fedora Silverblue \u0219i Kinoite a fost inclus programul bootupd, care efectueaz\u0103 actualizarea bootloader-ului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteca libuser a fost declarat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103, fiind abandonat\u0103 \u0219i neutilizat\u0103 \u00een alte pachete Fedora (pentru suportul LDAP, \u00een distribu\u021bie se folose\u0219te deja SSSD). Pachetul passwd care implementa utilitarul passwd pe baza libuser a fost eliminat, \u00een locul s\u0103u fiind utilizat un utilitar similar din pachetul shadow-utils.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-au efectuat lucr\u0103ri pentru preg\u0103tirea includerii unei versiuni mai noi a standardului limbajului C \u00een GCC ca setare implicit\u0103, marc\u00e2nd astfel \u00eencetarea suportului pentru anumite func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u00eenvechite ale limbajului, cum ar fi definirea implicit\u0103 a func\u021biilor \u0219i atribuirea implicit\u0103 a tipului int.\n<li class=\"l\">  A fost implementat al doilea stadiu al tranzi\u021biei c\u0103tre un proces de boot modernizat, propus de Lennart Poettering. Diferen\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de bootul clasic constau \u00een utilizarea unei imagini initrd, generat\u0103 pe sistemul local la instalarea unui pachet cu nucleul, a unei imagini de nucleu unificate (UKI - Unified Kernel Image), generat\u0103 \u00een infrastructura distribu\u021biei \u0219i semnat\u0103 digital de distribu\u021bie. Imaginea UKI combin\u0103 \u00eentr-un singur fi\u0219ier un handler pentru bootarea nucleului din UEFI (UEFI boot stub), imaginea nucleului Linux \u0219i mediul sistemic initrd care este \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een memorie. La invocarea imaginii UKI din UEFI, se ofer\u0103 posibilitatea verific\u0103rii integrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i autenticit\u0103\u021bii prin semn\u0103tura digital\u0103 nu doar a nucleului, ci \u0219i a con\u021binutului initrd, verificarea autenticit\u0103\u021bii fiind important\u0103, deoarece \u00een acest mediu au loc extrageri de chei pentru decriptarea sistemului de fi\u0219iere r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103.\n<p>\u00cen a doua etap\u0103, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii directe a UKI din modulul UEFI shim.efi f\u0103r\u0103 a implica un \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tor separat (grub, sd-boot), a fost implementat suportul pentru utilizarea UKI pe sisteme cu arhitectur\u0103 Aarch64 \u0219i a fost preg\u0103tit\u0103 o variant\u0103 de imagine UKI pentru medii cloud \u0219i protejate. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2042\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a>. \u00cen prima etap\u0103, Fedora 38 a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru UKI \u00een bootloader, a implementat un instrumentar pentru instalarea \u0219i actualizarea UKI, \u0219i a creat o imagine experimental\u0103 UKI pentru bootarea ma\u0219inilor virtuale cu un set restr\u00e2ns de componente \u0219i drivere.     <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Un pachet gata preg\u0103tit cu cadrul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103 PyTorch a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een depozit, disponibil pentru instalare prin comanda &#171;dnf install pytorch&#187;. \u00cen prezent, pachetul include doar componente pentru calcul pe CPU, dar \u00een viitoarele versiuni se preconizeaz\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea suportului pentru utilizarea GPU-urilor \u0219i acceleratoarelor specializate NPU.                  <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60852\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora Linux 40. \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 Fedora Workstation, Fedora Server, Fedora Silverblue, Fedora IoT, Fedora CoreOS, Fedora Cloud Base, Fedora Onyx \u0438 Live-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 K \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438DE Plasma [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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