{"id":114805,"date":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5"},"modified":"2024-04-05T18:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T16:25:42","slug":"vypusk-openbsd-7-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-openbsd-7-5","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea OpenBSD 7.5","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost lansat\u0103 versiunea sistemului de operare liber bazat pe UNIX OpenBSD 7.5. Proiectul OpenBSD a fost fondat de Theo de Raadt \u00een 1995, dup\u0103 un conflict cu dezvoltatorii NetBSD, care a dus la anularea accesului lui Theo la depozitul CVS NetBSD. Ulterior, Theo de Raadt, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un grup de sus\u021bin\u0103tori, a creat un nou sistem de operare deschis pe baza codului surs\u0103 al NetBSD, av\u00e2nd ca principale obiective portabilitatea (sprijin\u0103 13 platforme hardware), standardizarea, func\u021bionarea corect\u0103, securitatea proactiv\u0103 \u0219i instrumentele criptografice integrate. Dimensiunea imaginii ISO complete a sistemului de baz\u0103 OpenBSD 7.5 este de 630 MB.       <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 sistemul de operare \u00een sine, proiectul OpenBSD este cunoscut pentru componentele sale, care au fost adoptate \u00een alte sisteme \u0219i s-au dovedit a fi unele dintre cele mai sigure \u0219i de calitate solu\u021bii. Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103: LibreSSL (fork OpenSSL), OpenSSH, filtrul de pachete PF, demonii de rutare OpenBGPD \u0219i OpenOSPFD, serverul NTP OpenNTPD, serverul de po\u0219t\u0103 OpenSMTPD, multiplexorul de terminale text tmux (similar cu GNU screen), demonul identd cu implementarea protocoalelor IDENT, alternativa BSDL la pachetul GNU groff \u2014 mandoc, protocolul pentru organizarea sistemelor cu redundan\u021b\u0103 (Common Address Redundancy Protocol - CARP), un server http u\u0219or, utilitarul de sincronizare a fi\u0219ierelor OpenRSYNC.          <\/p>\n<p>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri principale:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Installerul a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru criptarea parti\u021biei r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103. \u00cen modul de instalare automatizat (autoinstall) s-a introdus posibilitatea activ\u0103rii cript\u0103rii discurilor cu introducerea unei parole \u00een text simplu sau cu livrarea cheilor pe un suport separat. Versiunile pentru arhitectura AMD64 cdXX.iso \u0219i installXX.iso au fost adaptate pentru a boota \u00een modul EFI.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat apelul de sistem pinsyscalls, care permite restric\u021bionarea apelurilor de sistem numai din anumite locuri din spa\u021biul de adrese al procesului. Nucleul \u0219i ld.so pot \u00eenregistra locul exact de intrare \u00een fiecare apel de sistem utilizat de program \u0219i de biblioteca libc.so, pentru a bloca ulterior trimiterea apelurilor de sistem din locuri ne\u00eenregistrate.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru apelurile de sistem indirecte prin func\u021bia syscall a fost eliminat. \u00cen combina\u021bie cu pinsyscalls, aceast\u0103 modificare permite interzicerea apelurilor directe la apelurile de sistem f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea wrapper-elor furnizate \u00een libc. Pachetele care fac apel direct la apelurile de sistem, cum ar fi Perl \u0219i Go, au fost modificate pentru a folosi numai func\u021biile din libc.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele ARM64 s-a extins utilizarea mecanismelor de autentificare a pointerilor (PAC - Pointer Authentication) \u0219i a identific\u0103rii ramific\u0103rii (BTI - Branch Target Identification).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een interfa\u021ba de re\u021bea ppp <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"suportul IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"385\">suportul IPv6<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul netstat a fost implementat un raport al statisticilor de eficien\u021b\u0103 a cache-ului rutei (\u00een ie\u0219irea \u201enetstat -s\u201d acum se afi\u0219eaz\u0103 contorii de hit-uri \u0219i miss-uri ale cache-ului).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen filtrul de pachete pf au fost luate \u00een considerare modific\u0103rile din stiva de re\u021bea, legate de paralelizarea opera\u021biunilor pe sisteme multiprocesor. Atunci c\u00e2nd se folose\u0219te utilitarul tcpdump cu interfa\u021ba de re\u021bea pflog, este asigurat afi\u0219area pachetelor respinse c\u00e2nd regula implicit\u0103 cu ac\u021biunea \u201eblock\u201d este activat\u0103. Pentru regulile cu ac\u021biunea \u201epass\u201d este asigurat afi\u0219area pachetelor invalide blocate. \u00cen divert a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o verificare a corectitudinii set\u0103rii op\u021biunilor \u00een pachetele IPv4.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru sistemele multiprocesor (SMP) a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. Handler-ele pentru timeout-uri \u00een stiva de re\u021bea, contorizarea pachetelor pentru interfa\u021ba loopback \u0219i modulul vscsi_filtops au fost mutate \u00een categoria mp-safe. A fost posibil\u0103 execu\u021bia paralel\u0103 a apelurilor de sistem bind \u0219i connect, precum \u0219i opera\u021biunile cu tabelele UDP pentru IPv4 \u0219i IPv6. A fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru trimiterea simultan\u0103 de pachete UDP din fire diferite.\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesarea situa\u021biilor de overflow \u00een zona de swap a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103, au fost ad\u0103ugate modific\u0103ri pentru a exclude blocajele reciproce.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen nucleul sistemelor arm64, a fost implementat caching-ul con\u021binutului pool-urilor de tabele de pagin\u0103 de memorie \u0219i al descriptorilor PTE, ceea ce a accelerat semnificativ func\u021bionarea pe sistemele multicore.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri aduse hipervizorului VMM. Implementarea dispozitivului vionet a fost rescris\u0103 pentru a suporta multithreading \u0219i transferul de date \u00eentre gazd\u0103 \u0219i sistemul gazd\u0103 \u00een modul zero-copy, f\u0103r\u0103 buffering intermediar. Stabilitatea func\u021bion\u0103rii hipervizorului pe sistemele cu instruc\u021biuni Intel VMX a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 protec\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 \u00eempotriva vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor recente identificate \u00een procesoare, legate de execu\u021bia speculativ\u0103 a instruc\u021biunilor \u0219i scurgerile de date reziduale din registre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru sistemele amd64, a fost ad\u0103ugat sysctl machdep.retpoline pentru a gestiona activarea mecanismului retpoline pentru protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva atacurilor de tip Spectre.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea cadru drm (Direct Rendering Manager) a fost sincronizat\u0103 cu kernel-ul Linux 6.6.19 (\u00een emisunea anterioar\u0103 - 6.1.55).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru hardware nou \u0219i includerea de noi drivere, legate de componentele diferitelor SoC, suport pentru controlere Ethernet \u0219i mutarea execu\u021biei opera\u021biunilor de re\u021bea pe partea pl\u0103cilor de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen subsistemul audio uaudio, acum este permis\u0103 ata\u0219area mai multor drivere pentru dispozitivele audio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate drivere apldcp \u0219i apldrm pentru controlerele de afi\u0219are folosite \u00een dispozitivele Apple. Pentru Apple Powerbook, a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a controla iluminarea tastaturii.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul qwx pentru cipurile wireless Qualcomm IEEE 802.11ax, creat prin portarea driverului ath11k din nucleul Linux (inclus \u00een nucleu \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ramura 5.6). Driverul permite utilizarea adaptoarelor wireless folosite \u00een laptopuri precum Lenovo ThinkPad X13s \u0219i DELL XPS 9500. Instalarea fi\u0219ierelor cu firmware este necesar\u0103 pentru func\u021bionarea driverului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarului pax i s-a ad\u0103ugat capacitatea de a scrie \u00een arhive pax, iar utilitarului tar i s-a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru arhive pax mai mari de 8 GB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarului ifconfig i s-a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru specificarea numerelor de porturi pentru interfe\u021bele de re\u021bea legate de tuneluri, cum ar fi gif \u0219i gre.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen bgpd, mecanismul de transmitere a mesajelor \u0219i majoritatea parserilor de protocoale au fost transferate pe noul API pentru operarea sigur\u0103 \u00een memorie.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen rpki-client, a fost ad\u0103ugat suport experimental pentru algoritmul de semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103 P-256. A fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de restric\u021bionare a ac\u021biunii RPKI Trust Anchor doar pentru anumite numere de sisteme autonome. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru listele de prefixe semnate RPKI (Signed Prefix List).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen smtpd a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru RFC 7505 (\u201eNull MX\u201d pentru identificare). <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/domain\/\"   title=\"domenii\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3157\">domenii<\/a>, care nu accept\u0103 e-mailuri) \u0219i a fost asigurat\u0103 capacitatea de a \u00eencorpora \u00een smtpd.conf tabele \u0219i liste pe mai multe linii cu filtre.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a instala mediu personalizat KDE Plasma 5.27 din pachetele kde-plasma \u0219i kde-plasma-extra (dup\u0103 \u00eentreruperea suportului KDE4, suportul pentru utilizarea desktop-ului KDE Plasma 5 a r\u0103mas \u00een OpenBSD inoperabil). Versiuni propuse sunt KDE Plasma 5.27.10, KDE Applications 23.08.4 \u0219i KDE Frameworks 5.115.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetele LibreSSL \u0219i OpenSSH au fost actualizate. O revizuire detaliat\u0103 a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birilor poate fi v\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een recenziile LibreSSL 3.9.0, OpenSSH 9.6 \u0219i OpenSSH 9.7.\n<li class=\"l\">Num\u0103rul de porturi pentru arhitectura AMD64 a ajuns la: 12309 (era 11845), pentru aarch64 - 12145 (era 11508), pentru i386 - 10830 (era 10603). Printre versiunile aplica\u021biilor din porturi:\n<ul>\n<li> Asterisk 16.30.1, 18.21.0, 20.6.0\n<li> Audacity 3.4.2\n<li> CMake 3.28.3\n<li> Chromium 122.0.6261.111\n<li> FFmpeg 4.4.4\n<li> Firefox 123.0.1, ESR 115.8.0\n<li> GCC 8.4.0, 11.2.0\n<li> GHC 9.6.4\n<li> GNOME 45\n<li> Go 1.22.1\n<li> JDK 8u402, 11.0.22, 17.0.10, 21.0.2\n<li> Krita 5.2.2\n<li> LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0, 16.0.6, 17.0.6\n<li> LibreOffice 24.2.1.2\n<li> Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, 5.3.6, 5.4.6\n<li> MariaDB 10.9.8\n<li> Mono 6.12.0.199\n<li> Mutt 2.2.13 \u0219i NeoMutt 20240201\n<li> Node.js 18.19.1\n<li> OCaml 4.14.1\n<li> OpenLDAP 2.6.7\n<li> PHP 7.4.33, 8.0.30, 8.1.27, 8.2.16, 8.3.3\n<li> Postfix 3.8.6\n<li> PostgreSQL 16.2\n<li> Python 2.7.18, 3.9.18, 3.10.13, 3.11.8\n<li> Qt 5.15.12 (+ patch-uri kde), 6.6.1\n<li> R 4.2.3\n<li> Ruby 3.1.4, 3.2.3, 3.3.0\n<li> Rust 1.76.0\n<li> SQLite 3.44.2\n<li> Shotcut 23.07.29\n<li> Sudo 1.9.15.5\n<li> Suricata 7.0.3\n<li> Tcl\/Tk 8.5.19, 8.6.13\n<li> TeX Live 2023\n<li> Thunderbird 115.8.1\n<li> Vim 9.1.139, Neovim 0.9.5\n<li> Xfce 4.18.1     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele de la ter\u021bi incluse \u00een OpenBSD 7.5 au fost actualizate:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Stiva grafic\u0103 Xenocara bazat\u0103 pe X.Org 7.7 cu xserver 21.1.11 + patch-uri, freetype 2.13.0, fontconfig 2.14.2, Mesa 23.1.9, xterm 378, xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.3.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    LLVM\/Clang 16.0.6 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    GCC 4.2.1 (+ patch-uri) \u0219i 3.3.6 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Perl 5.36.3 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    NSD 4.8.0  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Unbound 1.18  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Ncurses 5.7  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">    Binutils 2.17 (+ patch-uri)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Gdb 6.3 (+ patch)  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Awk 22.01.2024  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Expat 2.6.0.\n<li class=\"l\"> zlib 1.3.1 (+ patch-uri).  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60930\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.5. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 OpenBSD \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043c (Theo de Raadt) \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 NetBSD, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a CVS \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e NetBSD. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 NetBSD \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.5.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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