{"id":115013,"date":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T12:30:14","slug":"beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/beta-vypusk-ubuntu-24-04","title":{"rendered":"Versiunea beta a Ubuntu 24.04","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost lansat\u0103 versiunea beta a distribu\u021biei Ubuntu 24.04 \u201eNoble Numbat\u201d, dup\u0103 care a fost efectuat\u0103 o \u00eenghe\u021bare complet\u0103 a bazei de pachete, iar dezvoltatorii au trecut la testarea final\u0103 \u0219i corectarea erorilor. Lansarea este planificat\u0103 pentru 25 aprilie. Ramura 24.04 este clasificat\u0103 ca o versiune cu suport pe termen lung (LTS), actualiz\u0103rile pentru care vor fi disponibile timp de 12 ani (5 ani - publice, plus \u00eenc\u0103 7 ani pentru utilizatorii serviciului Ubuntu Pro). Imaginile de testare sunt disponibile pentru Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu, UbuntuKylin (edi\u021bia pentru China), Ubuntu Unity, Edubuntu \u0219i Ubuntu Cinnamon.    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Desktopul a fost actualizat la versiunea GNOME 46, care introduce func\u021bia de c\u0103utare global\u0103, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te performan\u021ba managerului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i emulatorilor de terminal, adaug\u0103 suport experimental pentru mecanismul VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te calitatea afi\u0219\u0103rii la scalarea frac\u021bionat\u0103, extinde posibilit\u0103\u021bile de conectare la servicii externe, actualizeaz\u0103 configuratorul \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te sistemul de notific\u0103ri. \u00cen GTK este utilizat un nou motor de redare bazat pe API Vulkan. Aplica\u021bia pentru lucrul cu camera Cheese a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu GNOME Snapshot.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nucleul Linux a fost actualizat la versiunea 6.8.\n<li class=\"l\"> Similar cu modific\u0103rile din Arch Linux \u0219i Fedora Linux, parametrul sysctl vm.max_map_count, care define\u0219te num\u0103rul maxim de zone de mapare a memoriei accesibile unui proces, a fost \u00een mod implicit crescut de la 65530 la 1048576. Aceast\u0103 modificare a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit compatibilitatea cu jocurile Windows rulante prin Wine (de exemplu, \u00eenainte, jocurile DayZ, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter Strike 2, Star Citizen \u0219i THE FINALS nu puteau rula), \u0219i a rezolvat anumite probleme de performan\u021b\u0103 pentru aplica\u021biile care consum\u0103 intens memorie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Versiunile GCC 14-pre, LLVM 18, Python 3.12, OpenJDK 21 (OpenJDK 8, 11 \u0219i 17 sunt disponibile op\u021bional), Rust 1.76, Go 1.22, .NET 8, PHP 8.3.3, Ruby 3.2.3 au fost actualizate.\n<li class=\"l\"> Aplica\u021biile utilizatorului au fost actualizate: Firefox 124 (compilat cu suport pentru Wayland), LibreOffice 24.2, Thunderbird 115, Ardour 8.4.0, OBS Studio 30.0.2, Audacity 3.4.2, Transmission 4.0, digiKam 8.2.0, Kdenlive 23.08.5, Krita 5.2.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Subsistemele au fost actualizate: Mesa 24.0.3, systemd 253.5, BlueZ 5.72, Cairo 1.18, NetworkManager 1.46, Pipewire 1.0.4, Poppler 24.02, xdg-desktop-portal 1.18.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetele serverului au fost actualizate: Nginx 1.24, Apache httpd 2.4.58, Samba 4.19, Exim 4.97, Clamav 1.0.0, Chrony 4.5, containerd 1.7.12, Django 4.2.11, Docker 24.0.7, Dovecot 2.3.21, GlusterFS 11.1, HAProxy 2.8.5, Kea DHCP 2.4.1, libvirt 10.0.0, NetSNMP 5.9.4, OpenLDAP 2.6.7, open-vm-tools 12.3.5, PostgreSQL 16.2, Runc 1.1.12, QEMU 8.2.1, SpamAssassin 4.0.0, Squid 6.6, SSSD 2.9.4, Pacemaker 2.1.6, OpenStack 2024.1, Ceph 19.2.0, Openvswitch 3.3.0, Open Virtual Network 24.03.\n<li class=\"l\"> Clientul de e-mail Thunderbird este acum disponibil doar \u00een format snap. Pachetul DEB cu Thunderbird con\u021bine un substitut pentru instalarea pachetului snap.\n<li class=\"l\"> For applications using gnutls, support for TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, and DTLS 1.0 protocols has been forcibly disabled, as they were officially deprecated by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) three years ago. A similar change was implemented for openssl in Ubuntu 20.04.\n<li class=\"l\"> In Apparmor, access to configuration files of GnuTLS and OpenSSL libraries is allowed by default for any applications. The previously used selective access led to issues that were difficult to diagnose due to the lack of error output when access to configuration files was denied.\n<li class=\"l\"> The pptpd and bcrelay packages have been removed due to potential security issues and the discontinuation of support for the main codebases. The pam_lastlog.so PAM module has also been removed, as the problem from 2038 has not been resolved.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen timpul compil\u0103rii pachetelor, op\u021biunile compilerului pentru dificultatea exploat\u0103rii vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor sunt activate implicit. \u00cen gcc \u0219i dpkg este activat implicit modul \u00ab-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3\u00bb, care detecteaz\u0103 posibile dep\u0103\u0219iri de tampon atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate func\u021biile de \u0219iruri definite \u00een fi\u0219ierul header string.h. Diferen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de modul anterior \u00ab_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2\u00bb const\u0103 \u00een teste suplimentare. Teoretic, testele suplimentare ar putea duce la o sc\u0103dere a performan\u021bei, dar \u00een practic\u0103, testele SPEC2000 \u0219i SPEC2017 nu au ar\u0103tat diferen\u021be, iar \u00een procesul de testare nu au existat pl\u00e2ngeri din partea utilizatorilor cu privire la sc\u0103derea performan\u021bei.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen dpkg a fost ad\u0103ugat flagul \u00ab-mbranch-protection=standard\u00bb pentru a activa pe sistemele ARM64 protec\u021bia execu\u021biei seturilor de instruc\u021biuni care nu trebuie s\u0103 fie executate \u00een cazul ramific\u0103rilor (ARMv8.5-BTI \u2014 Branch Target Indicator). Blocarea ramific\u0103rilor c\u0103tre zone arbitrare de cod este implementat\u0103 pentru a contracara crearea de gadget-uri \u00een exploatari care utilizeaz\u0103 tehnici de programare orientate pe returnare (ROP \u2014 Return-Oriented Programming).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen managerul de pachete APT, prioritatea pentru depozitul \u201eproposed pocket\u201d a fost modificat\u0103, unde se realizeaz\u0103 testarea preliminar\u0103 a noilor versiuni de pachete \u00eenainte de a fi plasate \u00een depozitele principale pentru publicul larg. Aceast\u0103 modificare vizeaz\u0103 reducerea probabilit\u0103\u021bii instal\u0103rii automate a actualiz\u0103rilor instabile, \u00een cazul \u00een care depozitul \u201eproposed pocket\u201d este activat, ceea ce poate duce la defec\u021biuni ale sistemului. Dup\u0103 activarea \u201eproposed pocket\u201d, nu toate actualiz\u0103rile vor fi transferate de acolo, dar utilizatorul va putea s\u0103 instaleze selectiv actualiz\u0103rile necesare ale pachetelor, folosind comanda \u201eapt install \/-proposed\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Livrarea serviciului irqbalance, care distribuie procesarea \u00eentreruperilor hardware c\u0103tre diferitele nuclee CPU, a fost oprit\u0103 \u00een mod implicit. \u00cen prezent, \u00een majoritatea situa\u021biilor, mecanismele standard de distribuire a handlerelor oferite de nucleul Linux sunt suficiente. Utilizarea irqbalance poate fi justificat\u0103 \u00een situa\u021bii specifice, dar numai cu o configurare adecvat\u0103 efectuat\u0103 de administrator. \u00cen plus, \u00een anumite configura\u021bii, irqbalance poate cauza probleme, de exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd este utilizat \u00een sistemele de virtualizare, \u0219i poate interfera cu configurarea manual\u0103 a parametrilor care influen\u021beaz\u0103 consumul de energie \u0219i laten\u021bele.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru configurarea re\u021belei este folosit\u0103 versiunea 1.0 a instrumentului Netplan, care asigur\u0103 stocarea set\u0103rilor \u00een format YAML \u0219i ofer\u0103 backend-uri ce abstractizeaz\u0103 accesul la configura\u021bie pentru NetworkManager \u0219i systemd-networkd. Noua versiune aduce posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii simultane a WPA2 \u0219i WPA3, suport pentru dispozitivele de re\u021bea Mellanox VF-LAG cu SR-IOV (Virtualizare I\/O Single-Root) \u0219i a fost implementat\u0103 comanda \"netplan status --diff\" pentru a evalua vizual diferen\u021bele dintre starea actual\u0103 a set\u0103rilor \u0219i fi\u0219ierele de configurare. \u00cen Ubuntu Desktop, NetworkManager este backend-ul de configurare implicit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Instalatorul ubuntu-desktop-installer a fost modernizat, acesta fiind acum dezvoltat ca parte a unui proiect mai mare numit ubuntu-desktop-provision \u0219i redenumit \u00een ubuntu-desktop-bootstrap. Esen\u021ba noului proiect const\u0103 \u00een separarea instalatorului \u00een etape, care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eenainte de instalare (parti\u021bionarea discului \u0219i copierea pachetelor) \u0219i \u00een timpul primei \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri a sistemului (configurarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a sistemului). Printre modific\u0103ri se num\u0103r\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea designului interfe\u021bei instalatorului, ad\u0103ugarea unei pagini pentru specificarea URL-ului pentru desc\u0103rcarea scriptului de instalare automat\u0103 autoinstall.yaml \u0219i posibilitatea de a modifica comportamentul implicit \u0219i stilul de prezentare prin intermediul fi\u0219ierului de configurare. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru actualizarea \u00een sine a instalatorului - \u00een cazul \u00een care o nou\u0103 versiune este disponibil\u0103, \u00een etapa timpurie a instal\u0103rii va fi solicitat\u0103 actualizarea instalatorului.\n<p>Installerul include, de asemenea, func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile ad\u0103ugate \u00een versiunea anterioar\u0103 Ubuntu 23.10, precum suportul pentru sistemul de fi\u0219iere ZFS \u0219i capacitatea de a cripta discurile, f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita introducerea unei parole de deblocare a discului la pornire, datorit\u0103 stoc\u0103rii informa\u021biilor pentru decriptarea cheilor \u00een TPM (Trusted Platform Module).       <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost activat mecanismul Active Directory Certificate Auto Enrollment (ADSys), care permite ob\u021binerea automat\u0103 a certificatelor din serviciile Active Directory atunci c\u00e2nd se activeaz\u0103 politicile de grup. Ob\u021binerea automat\u0103 a certificatelor prin Active Directory se aplic\u0103 \u0219i la conexiunea la re\u021belele wireless de corpora\u021bie. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"151\">VPN<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit noul manager de aplica\u021bii Ubuntu App Center, scris \u00een Dart folosind cadrul Flutter \u0219i metode de lay-out adaptative pentru a func\u021biona corect pe ecrane de orice dimensiune. Ubuntu Store implementeaz\u0103 o interfa\u021b\u0103 combinat\u0103 pentru gestionarea pachetelor \u00een format DEB \u0219i Snap (\u00een cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 un singur program \u00een pachetele deb \u0219i snap, se alege implicit snap), permite c\u0103utarea \u0219i navigarea prin catalogul de pachete snapcraft.io \u0219i repositoarele DEB conectate, ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a gestiona instalarea, eliminarea \u0219i actualizarea aplica\u021biilor \u0219i de a instala pachete deb separate din fi\u0219iere locale. Aplica\u021bia utilizeaz\u0103 un sistem de rating \u00een care scala de evaluare cu cinci stele este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu un vot \u00een formatul \u00eemi place \/ nu \u00eemi place (+1 \/ -1), pe baza c\u0103ruia se calculeaz\u0103 un rating virtual cu cinci stele.\n<p>Centru de aplica\u021bii Ubuntu a \u00eenlocuit vechea interfa\u021b\u0103 Snap Store. Comparativ cu Ubuntu 23.10, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 categorie de aplica\u021bii &#8212; Jocuri (\u00een acela\u0219i timp, jocurile GNOME au fost eliminate din livrare). A fost propus\u0103 o interfa\u021b\u0103 separat\u0103 pentru actualizarea firmware-ului &#8212; Firmware Updater, disponibil\u0103 pentru sistemele bazate pe arhitecturile amd64 \u0219i arm64, permi\u021b\u00e2nd actualizarea firmware-urilor f\u0103r\u0103 a lansa un manager de aplica\u021bii complet \u00een fundal.  <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetele pentru arhitectura Armhf pe 32 de bi\u021bi au fost convertite la tipul time_t pe 64 de bi\u021bi. Schimbarea a afectat peste o mie de pachete. Tipul time_t pe 32 de bi\u021bi folosit anterior nu poate fi aplicat pentru a gestiona timpul dup\u0103 19 ianuarie 2038 din cauza dep\u0103\u0219irii contorului de secunde scurse de la 1 ianuarie 1970.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-au actualizat versiunile pentru pl\u0103cile Raspberry Pi 5 (server \u0219i utilizator) \u0219i StarFive VisionFive 2 (RISC-V).\n<li class=\"l\"> Ubuntu Cinnamon a activat mediu personalizat Cinnamon 6.0 cu suport ini\u021bial pentru Wayland.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Xubuntu, mediul pe baz\u0103 de Xfce 4.18 continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie livrat.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Ubuntu Mate este utilizat mediul de desktop MATE 1.28, care \u00eenc\u0103 nu a fost anun\u021bat oficial.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Ubuntu Budgie este utilizat mediul de desktop Budgie 10.9.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Kubuntu, continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie livrat\u0103 \u00een mod default KDE Plasma 5.27. KDE 6 va fi disponibil \u00een lansarea de toamn\u0103 a Kubuntu 24.10. Logo-ul \u0219i designul coloristic au fost actualizate.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Lubuntu, instalatorul bazat pe framework-ul Calamares a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o pagin\u0103 pentru configurarea op\u021biunilor de instalare, cum ar fi instalarea actualiz\u0103rilor disponibile, instalarea codec-urilor \u0219i a driverelor proprietare, precum \u0219i instalarea programelor suplimentare. Au fost ad\u0103ugate moduri de instalare minim\u0103, complet\u0103 \u0219i normal\u0103. A fost introdus un ecran ini\u021bial care permite configurarea limbii \u0219i a conexiunii wireless, precum \u0219i alegerea \u00eentre lansarea instalatorului sau trecerea \u00een modul Live. A fost ad\u0103ugat Bluetooth Manager \u0219i editorul de set\u0103ri al managerului de afi\u0219are SDDM. Mediu de desktop a fost actualizat la versiunea LXQt 1.4.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen Ubuntu Studio a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 utilitarul Ubuntu Studio Audio Configuration pentru configurarea parametrilor PipeWire.       <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60974\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Ubuntu 24.04 &#171;Noble Numbat&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 25 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0412\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 24.04 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 (LTS), \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 12 \u043b\u0435\u0442 (5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0435\u0449\u0451 7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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