{"id":116748,"date":"2024-06-24T18:05:52","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T16:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs"},"modified":"2024-06-24T18:05:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T16:05:52","slug":"atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/atomarnye-varianty-fedora-linux-namereny-perevesti-na-fs-somposefs","title":{"rendered":"Versiunile atomice ale Fedora Linux inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 migreze pe sistemul de fi\u0219iere Composefs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dezvoltatorii proiectului Fedora inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 treac\u0103 edi\u021biile distribuitorului care se actualizeaz\u0103 atomic, \u00een mod implicit, la sistemul de fi\u0219iere Composefs. \u00cen cazul \u00een care propunerea este aprobat\u0103 de comitetul FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), care se ocup\u0103 de partea tehnic\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii distribuitorului Fedora, Composefs va \u00eencepe s\u0103 fie utilizat \u00een versiunile Fedora Silverblue (GNOME), Fedora Kinoite (KDE), Fedora CoreOS, Fedora IoT, Fedora Sway Atomic \u0219i Fedora Budgie Atomic. <\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 modificare va permite utilizarea unui sistem de fi\u0219iere de r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103 care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een modul read-only, precum \u0219i, \u00een viitor, utilizarea unor instrumente de verificare a integrit\u0103\u021bii pentru part\u021bia de sistem, care pot detecta problemele pe parcursul func\u021bion\u0103rii. Part\u021biile \/etc \u0219i \/var vor continua s\u0103 fie montate cu op\u021biunea de scriere.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, activitatea este organizat\u0103 prin montarea sec\u021biunii \/usr \u00een modul de citire, iar sec\u021biunea principal\u0103 este montat\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod care permite scrierea, \u00eens\u0103 modific\u0103rile sunt interzise la nivel de permisiuni («chattr +i \/»). Verificarea integrit\u0103\u021bii se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een etapa de actualizare a sec\u021biunii, ceea ce nu permite identificarea deterior\u0103rilor \u0219i modific\u0103rilor efectuate \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii f\u0103r\u0103 a ini\u021bia o verificare complet\u0103 a tuturor datelor cu comanda «ostree fsck».<\/p>\n

Sistemul de fi\u0219iere Composefs este implementat ca un strat suplimentar peste cele deja existente \u00een nucleu, adic\u0103 OverlayFS \u0219i EROFS, \u0219i este optimizat pentru stocarea eficient\u0103 a con\u021binutului mai multor imagini de disc montate. Func\u021bionalitatea EROFS (Sistem de Fi\u0219iere Extensibil de Citire) \u00eendepline\u0219te cerin\u021bele Composefs \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea nucleului Linux 5.15, iar OverlayFS \u2014 \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu nucleul 6.5. Composefs permite crearea de sisteme de fi\u0219iere multilayer, \u00een care arbori arbitrar de sisteme de fi\u0219iere \u00een modul de citire sunt suprapuse peste sistemele de fi\u0219iere Linux standard, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca un strat inferior. <\/p>\n

Fa\u021b\u0103 de sistemele de fi\u0219iere similare deja existente, Composefs se remarc\u0103 prin suportul pentru stocarea comun\u0103 a con\u021binutului diferitelor imagini de disc \u0219i prin existen\u021ba func\u021biilor de verificare a autenticit\u0103\u021bii datelor citite. \u00cen Composefs se folose\u0219te un model de stocare bazat pe adresarea con\u021binutului, \u00een care identificatorul principal nu este numele fi\u0219ierului, ci hash-ul con\u021binutului fi\u0219ierului. Acest model asigur\u0103 deduplicarea \u0219i permite stocarea unei singure copii a fi\u0219ierelor identice care apar \u00een diferite part\u021bii montate. <\/p>\n

Imaginile de sistem con\u021bin de obicei multe fi\u0219iere standard, iar \u00een cazul utiliz\u0103rii Composefs, fiecare dintre aceste fi\u0219iere va fi utilizat \u00een comun de toate imaginile montate, f\u0103r\u0103 a apela la trucuri precum redirec\u021bionarea prin linkuri dure. Astfel, fi\u0219ierele comune sunt stocate sub form\u0103 de o singur\u0103 copie pe disc \u0219i sunt gestionate printr-o singur\u0103 \u00eenregistrare \u00een cache-ul paginilor, ceea ce permite economisirea at\u00e2t a memoriei de disc, c\u00e2t \u0219i a memoriei RAM.<\/p>\n

Pentru a economisi memoria pe disc, datele \u0219i meta-datele \u00een Composefs sunt separate, iar la montare se specific\u0103 separat un index binar, \u00een care se g\u0103sesc toate meta-datele sistemului de fi\u0219iere, numele fi\u0219ierelor, permisiile de acces \u0219i alte informa\u021bii. Indicele de meta-date este creat pentru fiecare imagine a FS \u0219i este p\u0103strat \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier separat \u00een format EROFS (\u00een modul loopback, imaginea EROFS este montat\u0103, con\u021bin\u00e2nd doar meta-date). Fi\u0219ierele tuturor imaginilor montate sunt p\u0103strate \u00eentr-un director de baz\u0103 comun \u00een FS obi\u0219nuit (ext4, xfs, btrfs) \u0219i sunt asociate cu imaginea prin intermediul atributului extins rusted.overlay.redirect, care permite OverlayFS s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 fi\u0219ierele necesare pe baza hash-ului con\u021binutului.<\/p>\n

Pentru verificarea con\u021binutului fi\u0219ierelor individuale \u0219i a \u00eentregii imagini \u00een condi\u021bii de stocare comun\u0103 se utilizeaz\u0103 mecanismul fs-verity, care, atunci c\u00e2nd se acceseaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierele, verific\u0103 conformitatea hash-urilor specificate \u00een indexul binar cu con\u021binutul efectiv \u2014 dac\u0103 un atacator modific\u0103 un fi\u0219ier \u00een directorul de baz\u0103 sau datele se deterioreaz\u0103 \u00een urma unei defec\u021biuni, o astfel de verificare va identifica discrepan\u021ba.
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Fedora \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 Composefs. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c FESCo (Fedora Engineering Steering Committee), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Fedora, Composefs \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 Fedora Silverblue (GNOME), Fedora Kinoite (KDE), Fedora CoreOS, Fedora IoT, Fedora Sway Atomic \u0438 Fedora Budgie Atomic. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 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