{"id":118783,"date":"2024-08-01T15:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T13:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-08-01T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T13:43:01","slug":"plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/plan-prekrashheniya-podderzhki-staryh-proczessorov-arm-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Plan pentru \u00eencetarea suportului procesorilor vechi ARM \u00een nucleul Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arnd Bergmann, responsabil cu pachetele kernel \u00een SUSE, a publicat pe lista de discu\u021bii a dezvoltatorilor kernel Linux un plan pentru eliminarea din kernel \u0219i din instrumentele de compilare bazate pe GCC a codului pentru suportul procesorilor CPU ARM vechi \u0219i a ABI-urilor, seturilor de instruc\u021biuni \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bilor asociate. Planul este \u00een prezent \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 RFC, adic\u0103 este supus discu\u021biei comunit\u0103\u021bii. \u00cen cazul aprob\u0103rii planului, eliminarea procesoarelor ARM vechi este propus\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 \u00een kernelul Linux 6.12, al c\u0103rui release este a\u0219teptat \u00een decembrie. Primele candidate pentru eliminare sunt ARMv4 (f\u0103r\u0103 eliminarea ARMv4T), iWMMXt, BE32 \u0219i OABI.    <\/p>\n<p>\u00cencetarea suportului pentru vechile CPU ARM \u00een kernel coincide cu \u00eencetarea suportului lor \u00een GCC \u2014 o parte din CPU-urile propuse pentru eliminare nu mai sunt suportate \u00een versiunile recente ale GCC, \u00een timp ce o alt\u0103 parte pl\u0103nuiesc s\u0103 fie eliminate \u00een viitoarele versiuni, ceea ce va simplifica modernizarea \u0219i implementarea de noi func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi \u00een compilator. Eliminarea suportului pentru arhitectur\u0103 \u00een GCC va necesita eliminarea suportului s\u0103u \u0219i din kernel \u00een cazul cre\u0219terii versiunii minime acceptate de kernel pentru GCC (\u00een prezent, pentru compilarea kernel-ului este necesar\u0103 cel pu\u021bin versiunea GCC 5.1).      <\/p>\n<p>Arhitecturi, cipuri \u0219i extensii propuse pentru eliminare din kernel:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv3 \u2014 suportul a fost deja \u00eentrerupt \u00een GCC 9.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv4 \u2014 este utilizat pentru procesoarele StrongARM \u0219i FA526, care sunt \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een uz, cele mai noi din aceste cipuri fiind lansate aproximativ acum 20 de ani. Suportul pentru ARMv4 a fost \u00eentrerupt \u00een Debian 5.0. Se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eentrerup\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i suportul pentru ARMv4 \u00een GCC, iar dup\u0103 c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u0219i \u00een kernel.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv4T \u2014 sunt \u00eent\u00e2lnite 6 familii de SoC cu nucleele ARM720T, ARM920T \u0219i ARM922T, care sunt mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite dec\u00e2t SoC-urile bazate pe ARMv4. Suportul pentru ARMv4T a fost \u00eentrerupt \u00een Debian 9.0. Suportul ARMv4T \u00een kernel este planificat s\u0103 fie \u00eentrerupt nu mai devreme de \u00eenchiderea suportului pentru ARMv5.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv5 \u2014 este utilizat pe aproximativ 1\/3 din toate platformele suportate \u00een kernel, dar majoritatea acestor platforme sunt aproape de sf\u00e2r\u0219itul ciclului de via\u021b\u0103. Debian continu\u0103 s\u0103 sprijine ARMv5, dar din cauza lipsei FPU \u0219i a opera\u021biunilor atomice, men\u021binerea suportului devine din ce \u00een ce mai dificil\u0103 \u0219i, probabil, \u00een cur\u00e2nd portul Debian pentru ARMv5 va fi mutat \u00een categoria neoficial\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Genera\u021biile ini\u021biale ARMv6 \u2014 sunt utilizate \u00een SoC-uri precum ARM1136r0p (NXP i.MX31) \u0219i OMAP24xx (Nokia N8xx), dar suportul lor necesit\u0103 hack-uri pentru a func\u021biona \u00een kernel-uri cu SMP.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv6K \u2014 este utilizat \u00een ARM1176 (Raspberry Pi 1, AST2500) \u0219i ARM1136r1. \u00cen kernel nu exist\u0103 obstacole pentru \u00eentreruperea suportului, dar \u00een distribu\u021bii apar dificult\u0103\u021bi din cauza neconformit\u0103\u021bii cu setul standard armv7-a+vfpv3-d16.\n<li class=\"l\"> ARMv7-M \u2014 este utilizat \u00een microcontrolerele bazate pe Cortex-M3\/M4\/M7, care r\u0103m\u00e2n ultimele cipuri suportate \u00een kernel f\u0103r\u0103 un bloc de gestionare a memoriei (MMU). Lucr\u0103rile la kernel-urile pentru sisteme f\u0103r\u0103 MMU au fost \u00eentrerupte \u00een 2017, dup\u0103 ce s-a trecut la dezvoltarea RTOS-urilor pentru astfel de cipuri, cum ar fi Zephyr. Se propune eliminarea suportului pentru ARMv7-M \u00een 2027, la 10 ani dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea dezvolt\u0103rii, \u00een ciuda continu\u0103rii suportului \u00een GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> iWMMXt \u2014 suportul pentru CPU ARMv7 PJ4 (MMP2, Berlin) a fost deja oprit \u00een nucleu, dup\u0103 care nu au mai r\u0103mas sisteme utilizate care s\u0103 utilizeze acest set de instruc\u021biuni. Suportul pentru iWMMXt a fost deja oprit \u00een Clang \u0219i propus pentru eliminare din GCC.\n<li class=\"l\"> BE32 (big endian ARMv5) \u2014 este folosit doar \u00eentr-un singur SoC Intel IXP4xx. \u00cen versiunile mai vechi de Debian, era suportat doar modul little-endian, dar \u00een drivere r\u0103m\u00e2n probleme nerezolvate. Se propune eliminarea suportului BE32 din GCC \u0219i nucleu, deoarece \u00een drivere, nimeni nu a \u00eencercat s\u0103 remedieze problemele \u00een c\u00e2\u021biva ani.\n<li class=\"l\"> BE8 (big-endian ARMv7) \u2014 multe drivere prezint\u0103 probleme, testarea a fost oprit\u0103 \u0219i nu exist\u0103 informa\u021bii despre dispozitivele \u00eenc\u0103 utilizate. Modul BE8 poate prezenta interes pentru testarea componentelor \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului pe sisteme big-endian, de aceea suportul BE8 este planificat s\u0103 fie men\u021binut \u00een nucleu \u0219i GCC pentru cel pu\u021bin c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00eenainte s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 provoace probleme.    <\/ul>\n<p>Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile propuse pentru eliminare din kernelul Linux:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  Structura param_struct, folosit\u0103 \u00eenainte de ATAGS (ARM Tag-Area) \u2014 a fost declarat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din 2001, dar \u00eenc\u0103 este folosit\u0103 \u00een cod pentru platformele RiscPC \u0219i Footbridge.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fi\u0219ierele cu parametrii pe baza structurii ATAGS (folosit\u0103 pentru transmiterea informa\u021biilor despre configura\u021bie p\u00e2n\u0103 la Device Tree) \u2014 \u00een nucleu r\u0103m\u00e2n 29 de fi\u0219iere legate de 10 platforme SoC care utilizeaz\u0103 ATAGS.\n<li class=\"l\"> OABI (Old ABI, vechi ABI pentru arhitectura ARM) \u2014 acum este folosit \u00een aproape toate p\u0103r\u021bile EABI (Embedded ABI). OABI este cauza multor erori, deoarece dezvoltatorii de drivere au \u00eencetat s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare unele caracteristici asociate. Suportul OABI \u00een construirea componentelor pentru spa\u021biul utilizatorului a fost oprit \u00een GCC 4.8, dar pentru nucleu a fost l\u0103sat un flag \u2018-mabi=apcs-gnu\u2019. Se propune p\u0103strarea OABI pentru moment, dar s\u0103 se complice includerea din neaten\u021bie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Modul de compatibilitate cu OABI (OABI_COMPAT) \u2014 permite executarea fi\u0219ierelor binare construite pentru OABI, folosind un nucleu cu EABI. Apar probleme specifice \u00een drivere din cauza incompatibilit\u0103\u021bii cu ioctl, dar efortul de \u00eentre\u021binere a acestui modul este semnificativ mai mic dec\u00e2t \u00eentre\u021binerea nucleelor cu OABI. Pentru a p\u0103stra suportul StrongARM, ar fi ra\u021bional s\u0103 p\u0103str\u0103m suportul OABI sau OABI_COMPAT.\n<li class=\"l\"> NWFPE (No Floating Point Emulator, emulator pentru realizarea opera\u021biunilor cu virgul\u0103 mobil\u0103) \u2014 patch-uri pentru eliminarea acestuia au fost propuse acum 11 ani, \u00eens\u0103 NWFPE este necesar pentru func\u021bionarea anumitor componente ale spa\u021biului utilizator, compilate pentru OABI, de aceea se recomand\u0103 men\u021binerea suportului pentru NWFPE p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00een kernel va fi p\u0103strat suportul pentru OABI sau OABI_COMPAT.\n<li class=\"l\">  Highmem (folosit pentru gestionarea memoriei \u00een zonele dup\u0103 1 GB) \u2014 majoritatea sistemelor ARM pot func\u021biona f\u0103r\u0103 activarea highmem sau pot utiliza CONFIG_VMSPLIT_2GB pentru accesul la primele 2GB de memorie fizic\u0103. Se lucreaz\u0103 la organizarea accesului la 4GB RAM pe sistemele cu LPAE (Cortex-A7\/A15), dup\u0103 finalizarea c\u0103ruia suportul pentru Highmem poate fi eliminat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sparsemem \u2014 necesar pentru sistemele care au nevoie de highmem.    <\/ul>\n<p>Platformele propuse pentru eliminare:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> RiscPC \u2014 cea mai veche dintre platformele acceptate \u00een kernel. Nu este suportat\u0103 \u00een GCC, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu ramura 9.x din cauza elimin\u0103rii suportului pentru ARMv3. \u00centre\u021bin\u0103torul continu\u0103 s\u0103 testeze func\u021bionalitatea kernel-ului pe aceast\u0103 platform\u0103, dar \u00een mod evident nu mai exist\u0103 utilizatori reali, astfel c\u0103 suportul poate fi suspendat \u00een cazul pierderii interesului \u00eentre\u021bin\u0103torului.\n<li class=\"l\"> SA1100, Footbridge \u2014 platforme \u00eenvechite, p\u0103strate doar din motive de nostalgie. Practic toate fi\u0219ierele cu descrieri ale pl\u0103cilor pentru aceste platforme au fost eliminate \u00een kernel 6.3, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd doar suportul pentru dispozitivele ipaq h3600, assabet, netwinder \u0219i ebsa285. \u00centrebarea elimin\u0103rii depinde de inten\u021biile \u00eentre\u021bin\u0103torului.\n<li class=\"l\">  Gemini, Moxart \u2014 utilizeaz\u0103 CPU bazat pe ARMv4. Chip-urile au fost lansate acum peste 20 de ani, dar suportul acestora nu necesit\u0103 eforturi suplimentare \u00een \u00eentre\u021binere, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu are sens s\u0103 fie eliminate p\u00e2n\u0103 la eliminarea platformei StrongARM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Fi\u0219ierele pentru suportul PXA \u2014 platforma se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o stare abandonat\u0103 \u0219i a ie\u0219it din uz, \u00eens\u0103 dac\u0103 nu se va relua interesul pentru acestea, inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 eliminarea lor la \u00eenceputul anului 2025.\n<li class=\"l\"> OMAP1 \u2014 pe de o parte r\u0103m\u00e2ne singura platform\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe ARMv4T\/ARMv5 f\u0103r\u0103 suport Device Tree \u0219i nu sunt observate mi\u0219c\u0103ri pentru trecerea la Device Tree, dar pe de alt\u0103 parte platforma r\u0103m\u00e2ne cu utilizatori.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nspire, AT91RM9200, CLPS711X, EP93xx, iMX1 \u2014 utilizeaz\u0103 CPU bazat pe ARMv4T. Se lucreaz\u0103 la traducerea descrierilor pl\u0103cilor pe Device Tree, dar sensul de a le sus\u021bine r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar c\u00e2t timp se p\u0103streaz\u0103 suportul pentru ARMv5.\n<li class=\"l\"> OMAP24xx \u2014 singura platform\u0103 bazat\u0103 pe ARMv6 care are utilizatori activi. Men\u021binerea suportului depinde de p\u0103strarea suportului pentru CPU arm1136r0.\n<li class=\"l\"> iMX31 \u2014 nu exist\u0103 informa\u021bii despre utilizatori activi, dar nu are sens s\u0103 fie eliminat \u00eenainte de OMAP2.\n<li class=\"l\"> S3C64xx (Cragganmore) \u2014 singura platform\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 suport pentru Device Tree, construit\u0103 pe baza ARMv6K. Platforma este folosit\u0103 \u00een continuare pentru testarea codec-urilor audio, a\u0219a c\u0103 eliminarea este am\u00e2nat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd testarea va fi transferat\u0103 pe o alt\u0103 plac\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Orion5x, mv78xx0 \u2014 problema elimin\u0103rii va fi discutat\u0103 la \u00eenceputul anului urm\u0103tor.\n<li class=\"l\"> iMX35, WM8750, AST2500, BCM2835 \u2014 sunt bine sprijinite \u0219i au utilizatori activi, iar eliminarea nu este planificat\u0103 deocamdat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> stm32f4\/f7\/h7 \u2014 microcontrolere f\u0103r\u0103 MMU, \u00eentre\u021binerea \u00een nucleu continu\u0103 \u0219i exist\u0103 utilizatori activi. Problema elimin\u0103rii va fi discutat\u0103 \u00een 2026.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61641\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0440\u043d\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043d (Arnd Bergmann), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 SUSE, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 GCC \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 CPU ARM \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 ABI, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 RFC, \u0442.\u0435. \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-118783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u0440\u043d\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043d (Arnd Bergmann), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 SUSE, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 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