{"id":118916,"date":"2024-08-02T21:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T19:43:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/opublikovan-rossijskij-distributiv-astra-linux-special-edition-1-8"},"modified":"2024-08-02T21:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T19:43:02","slug":"opublikovan-rossijskij-distributiv-astra-linux-special-edition-1-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/opublikovan-rossijskij-distributiv-astra-linux-special-edition-1-8","title":{"rendered":"A fost lansat\u0103 distribu\u021bia rus\u0103 Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania SRL \u201eRusBitech-Astra\u201d a lansat distribu\u021bia specializat\u0103 Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8, care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor confiden\u021biale \u0219i a secretelor de stat p\u00e2n\u0103 la nivelul de \u201eimportan\u021b\u0103 special\u0103\u201d. Distribu\u021bia se bazeaz\u0103 pe baza de pachete Debian GNU\/Linux \u0219i con\u021bine mecanisme suplimentare de securitate, cum ar fi un sistem propriu de gestionare a accesului mandatat, audit, controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i autenticit\u0103\u021bii fi\u0219ierelor (PARSEC), \u0219tergerea garantat\u0103 a fi\u0219ierelor, \u0219i o compunere a nucleului cu patch-uri pentru cre\u0219terea securit\u0103\u021bii. Mediul utilizatorului este construit pe baza unei interfe\u021be grafice proprietare numit\u0103 Fly, utiliz\u00e2nd componente care employaz\u0103 biblioteca Qt.     <\/p>\n<p>Distribu\u021bia este disponibil\u0103 \u00een cadrul unui acord de licen\u021b\u0103 care impune o serie de restric\u021bii utilizatorilor, \u00een special utilizarea comercial\u0103 este interzis\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eencheierea unui contract de licen\u021b\u0103, decompilarea \u0219i disassemblarea produsului. Algoritmii originali, realiza\u021bi special pentru Astra Linux, \u0219i codurile surs\u0103 sunt clasificate ca fiind informa\u021bii comerciale confiden\u021biale. Utilizatorului i se ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a reproduce doar un singur exemplar al produsului pe un singur computer sau <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4344\">ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103<\/a>de asemenea, i se d\u0103 dreptul de a realiza doar o copie de rezerv\u0103 a suportului cu produsul. Pachetele de instalare gata de utilizare nu sunt disponibile public, dar imaginile containerelor sunt <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2168\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a>.      <\/p>\n<p>Lansarea a trecut cu succes printr-un complex de teste \u00een cadrul sistemului de certificare a mijloacelor de protec\u021bie a informa\u021biilor FSTEC din Rusia pentru primul, cel mai \u00eenalt, nivel de \u00eencredere, adic\u0103 poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru procesarea informa\u021biilor care constituie secretele de stat de \u201eimportan\u021b\u0103 special\u0103\u201d. Certificatul confirm\u0103 respectarea cerin\u021belor de securitate pentru sistemele de operare, mijloacele de virtualizare \u0219i containere, precum \u0219i pentru SGBD-uri.         <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Baza de pachete a fost actualizat\u0103 la Debian 12.\n<li class=\"l\"> La alegere sunt disponibile dou\u0103 pachete cu nucleul Linux, bazate pe versiunile 6.1 \u0219i 6.6. Nucleul 6.1 vine cu modific\u0103ri \u0219i corec\u021bii de la ISP RAN \u0219i va fi suportat pe parcursul \u00eentregului ciclu de via\u021b\u0103 al sistemului de operare. Nucleul 6.6 este clasificat ca av\u00e2nd un ciclu de suport pe termen scurt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sunt propuse dou\u0103 depozite separate: Main \u0219i Extended. Primul include pachete care au trecut prin \u00eentregul ciclu de certificare, iar al doilea con\u021bine instrumente de dezvoltare, pachete pentru compilarea depozitului Main, precum \u0219i pachete aplica\u021bii \u0219i sisteme suplimentare.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost activat un nou installer astra-installer, care se lanseaz\u0103 dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea sistemului \u00een modul Live. Este suportat managementul instal\u0103rii la distan\u021b\u0103, utiliz\u00e2nd protocolul VNC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesul de actualizare de la ramura Astra Linux 1.7 la versiunea 1.8 a fost automatizat; \u00een caz de probleme la actualizare, este posibil\u0103 revenirea la starea anterioar\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat un sistem de atribuire a numelui predictibil pentru interfe\u021bele de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Include un server DHCP Kea.\n<li class=\"l\"> Interfa\u021ba pentru administrarea sistemului fly-admin-smc a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu instrumentul astra-systemsettings, care ofer\u0103 acces la diferite module de configurare. Printre altele, este integrat un modul pentru gestionarea politicii locale de securitate, f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita lansarea unei aplica\u021bii separate fly-admin-smc. De asemenea, sunt disponibile module pentru gestionarea utilizatorilor, managementul accesului delegat, controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii mandate, controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii fi\u0219ierelor prin semn\u0103turi digitale, configurarea sistemului de audit, contabilizarea unit\u0103\u021bilor de stocare externe, configurarea cur\u0103\u021b\u0103rii memoriei, activarea modului kiosk grafic, evaluarea st\u0103rii func\u021biilor de securitate.    <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A fost lansat\u0103 distribu\u021bia rus\u0103 Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/65aec05aecf2175e8b02e1b5f3e3a1cf.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost implementate profiluri gata configurate recomandate pentru protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor pentru diferite scenarii de utilizare. Anterior, instruc\u021biunile de configurare pentru a corespunde diferitelor clase de securitate a sistemelor necesitau interven\u021bia manual\u0103 a administratorului. \u00cen noua versiune, procesul de modificare a set\u0103rilor este automatizat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru controlul dinamic al integrit\u0103\u021bii software-ului, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a utiliza S\u041aZI CryptoPro CSP \u0219i certificate pentru verificarea semn\u0103turii digitale emise de centrul de certificare.\n<li class=\"l\"> Un nou stil de design Astra Proxima a fost propus, care reflect\u0103 tendin\u021bele moderne de construire a interfe\u021belor, p\u0103str\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp structura familiar\u0103 \u0219i minimalismul. Sunt disponibile patru moduri de design: deschis, \u00eentunecat, simplificat (f\u0103r\u0103 efecte grafice) \u0219i de serviciu.     <center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A fost lansat\u0103 distribu\u021bia rus\u0103 Astra Linux Special Edition 1.8\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/452963095a330a11fc60a6f1cc380ecd.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center>\n<li class=\"l\"> Meniul aplica\u021biilor a fost modernizat \u0219i restructurat (exist\u0103 op\u021biunea de a reveni la meniul clasic).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o tem\u0103 sonor\u0103 \u201eMinimalismul Stelar\u201d, creat\u0103 cu participarea Roscosmos pe baza sunetelor provenite de la obiecte cosmice reale.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103bat pachetul fly-dm-rdp pentru organizarea conexiunilor de la distan\u021b\u0103 la sistem prin protocolul RDP.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen managerul de fi\u0219iere fly-fm a fost ad\u0103bat un editor pentru bara de instrumente \u0219i a fost ad\u0103bat\u0103 op\u021biunea de a afi\u0219a resursele de re\u021bea montate \u00een panoul de navigare. \u00cen modul pe dou\u0103 panouri au fost implementate dou\u0103 bare de adrese independente.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetul OpenSSL a fost actualizat la versiunea 3.2.0.\n<li class=\"l\">  Sistemul de gestionare a bazelor de date Tantor a fost actualizat la baza de cod PostgreSQL 15 (anterior se utiliza PostgreSQL 11) cu ad\u0103ugiri pentru protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor \u0219i gestionarea accesului. * \u00cen browserele Chromium, Chromium-gost \u0219i Firefox a fost integrat un certificat al autorit\u0103\u021bii de certificare a Ministerului Digitaliz\u0103rii din Rusia.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103bat\u0103 suportul pentru instantanee ale ma\u0219inilor virtuale cu UEFI, pentru exportul\/importul ma\u0219inilor virtuale cu instantanee, crearea copiilor de rezerv\u0103 ale ma\u0219inilor virtuale folosind virtnbdbackup, unirea ma\u0219inilor virtuale \u00een grupuri \u00een virt-manager.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen instrumentele pentru controlul integrit\u0103\u021bii mandatorii a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea de a utiliza un nivel ierarhic de integritate, \u00een care r\u0103d\u0103cina FS \u0219i toate obiectele de fi\u0219iere dup\u0103 instalare au integritate liniar\u0103 zero, iar obiectelor de fi\u0219iere \u0219i proceselor pornite li se poate atribui o integritate liniar\u0103 negativ\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103bat\u0103 posibilitatea asigur\u0103rii controlului integrit\u0103\u021bii obiectelor sistemului de fi\u0219iere \u0219i a pachetelor deb, bazat\u0103 pe \u0219abloane care reprezint\u0103 liste de fi\u0219iere pentru verificare prin sume de control.\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103bate privilegii noi: cap_perfmon (permite utilizarea sistemelor de monitorizare), cap_bpf (permite anumite opera\u021biuni cu BPF), cap_checkpoint_restore (permisizeaz\u0103 definirea PID-ului alocat urm\u0103torului proces creat \u00een cadrul spa\u021biului de nume).    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61651\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041e &#171;\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0411\u0418\u0422\u0435\u0445-\u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430&#187; 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