{"id":119480,"date":"2024-08-14T09:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya"},"modified":"2026-02-15T22:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-15T20:08:21","slug":"nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","title":{"rendered":"NIST a standardizat trei algoritmi de criptare post-cuantic\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Institutul Na\u021bional de Standarde \u0219i Tehnologii din SUA (NIST) a prezentat primele trei standarde care definesc criptografii rezistente la atacurile calculatoarelor cuantice. Primul algoritm standardizat (CRYSTALS-Kyber) define\u0219te un mod de incapsulare a cheilor \u0219i este destinat cript\u0103rii schimbului de date, \u00een timp ce celelalte dou\u0103 (CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u0219i Sphincs+) implementeaz\u0103 variante de generare a semn\u0103turilor digitale, care pot fi utilizate pentru a rezolva probleme legate de autentificare. Pentru a evita confuzia, variantele standardizate ale algoritmilor au fost redenumite: CRYSTALS-Kyber \u00een ML-KEM, CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u00een ML-DSA, iar Sphincs+ \u00een SLH-DSA. Algoritmii selecta\u021bi sunt \u00een dezvoltare din 2016 \u0219i sunt c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103tori ai concursului NIST anterior anun\u021bat pentru dezvoltarea algoritmilor de criptografie post-quantum.      <\/p>\n<p>Computerele cuantice, care au evoluat rapid \u00een ultima vreme, rezolv\u0103 mult mai repede problemele de descompunere a numerelor naturale \u00een factori primi (RSA) \u0219i logaritmii discre\u021bi ai punctelor pe curba eliptic\u0103 (ECDSA), care stau la baza algoritmilor moderni de criptare asimetrici pe cheie public\u0103, eficient imposibil de rezolvat pe procesoarele clasice. \u00cen prezent, capacit\u0103\u021bile calculatoarelor cuantice nu sunt suficiente pentru a sparge algoritmii clasici actuali de criptare \u0219i semn\u0103turi digitale bazate pe chei publice, cum ar fi ECDSA, dar se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 situa\u021bia se va schimba \u00een acest deceniu.    <\/p>\n<p>Standarde acceptate:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 203 \u2014 este considerat standardul principal pentru <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/ssl-sertifikat\/gogetssl-multi-domain\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3313\">criptarea datelor<\/a>, utiliz\u00e2nd algoritmul CRYSTALS-Kyber (ML-KEM \u2014 Module-Lattice Key-Encapsulation Mechanism) pentru a facilita schimbul de chei \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bile care efectueaz\u0103 criptarea \u0219i decriptarea datelor. Algoritmul CRYSTALS-Kyber folose\u0219te metode de criptografie bazate pe solu\u021bionarea problemelor de teoria re\u021belelor, timpul de solu\u021bionare nefiind diferit pe computerele obi\u0219nuite \u0219i cele cuantice. Avantajele algoritmului ales constau \u00een dimensiunea relativ mic\u0103 a cheilor \u0219i viteza mare de operare.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 204 \u2014 standardul primar pentru generarea semn\u0103turilor digitale, bazat pe algoritmul CRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA \u2014 Module-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm), care, la fel ca CRYSTALS-Kyber, se bazeaz\u0103 pe teoria re\u021belelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> FIPS 205 \u2014 standard alternativ pentru generarea semn\u0103turilor digitale, utiliz\u00e2nd algoritmul Sphincs+ (SLH-DSA \u2014 Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm), care aplic\u0103 metode de criptografie bazate pe func\u021bii hash. Sphincs+ este \u00een urma CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te dimensiunea semn\u0103turilor \u0219i viteza de func\u021bionare, dar se bazeaz\u0103 pe principii matematice complet diferite, adic\u0103 va r\u0103m\u00e2ne eficient \u00een cazul compromiterii algoritmilor bazati pe teoria re\u021belelor.     <\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen plus, p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului se preconizeaz\u0103 aprobarea celui de-al patrulea standard \u2014 FIPS 206, destinat lucrului cu semn\u0103turi digitale \u0219i bazat pe algoritmul FALCON, care, ca \u0219i algoritmii CRYSTALS-Kyber \u0219i CRYSTALS-Dilithium, se bazeaz\u0103 pe solu\u021bionarea problemelor de teoria re\u021belelor, dar spre deosebire de ace\u0219tia este orientat spre aplica\u021bii care necesit\u0103 dimensiunea minim\u0103 a semn\u0103turii. Varianta standardizat\u0103 a algoritmului FALCON va fi livrat\u0103 sub denumirea FN-DSA (FFT (transformare rapid\u0103 Fourier) over NTRU-Lattice Digital Signature Algorithm). P\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul anului se preconizeaz\u0103 de asemenea alegerea algoritmilor pentru crearea standardelor alternative de criptare general\u0103, care vor fi bazate pe principii de func\u021bionare diferite de cele implicate \u00een standardul FIPS 203 bazat pe algoritmul CRYSTALS-Kyber.      <center>  <div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"vWJS62eIVxI\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/vWJS62eIVxI\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61700\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0428\u0410 (NIST) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c (CRYSTALS-Kyber) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 (CRYSTALS-Dilithium \u0438 Sphincs+) \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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postcuantic\u0103 | ProHoster","description":"Institutul Na\u021bional de Standarde \u0219i Tehnologii al SUA (NIST) a prezentat primele trei standarde care definesc criptalgoritmii rezisten\u021bi la atacurile de pe computere cuantice.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/nist-standartiziroval-tri-algoritma-postkvantovogo-shifrovaniya","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47NIST \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0438 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