{"id":120153,"date":"2024-10-12T13:09:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-12T11:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-menedzhera-rpm-4-20-i-nachalo-razrabotki-rpm-6"},"modified":"2024-10-12T13:09:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-12T11:09:06","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-menedzhera-rpm-4-20-i-nachalo-razrabotki-rpm-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-menedzhera-rpm-4-20-i-nachalo-razrabotki-rpm-6","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea managerului de pachete RPM 4.20 \u0219i \u00eenceperea dezvolt\u0103rii RPM 6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 un an de dezvoltare, a fost lansat managerul de pachete RPM 4.20.0. Proiectul RPM4 este dezvoltat de compania Red Hat \u0219i este utilizat \u00een distribu\u021bii precum RHEL, Fedora, SUSE, openSUSE, ALT Linux, OpenMandriva, Mageia, PCLinuxOS \u0219i Tizen. Codul proiectului este distribuit sub licen\u021bele GPLv2 \u0219i LGPLv2.    <\/p>\n<p>Anul viitor, se a\u0219teapt\u0103 publicarea unei ramuri semnificative RPM 6, care va folosi un nou format de arhiv\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd, spre deosebire de formatul cpio utilizat \u00een prezent, crearea de pachete mai mari de 4 GB (dep\u0103\u0219irea acestei limit\u0103ri este important\u0103 deoarece pachetul SRC cu Chromium se apropie de limit\u0103, av\u00e2nd o dimensiune de 3,7 GB). \u00cen noua ramur\u0103 se inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 de asemenea permiterea utiliz\u0103rii limbajului C++ pentru dezvoltarea RPM. Noua ramur\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 va fi dedicat\u0103 anivers\u0103rii proiectului \u2014 pe 27 noiembrie 2025, se vor \u00eemplini 30 de ani de la primul comit \u00een RPM. Versiunile RPM 5.x vor fi omise pentru a evita suprapunerile cu proiectul RPM5, care nu este direct legat de RPM de la Red Hat, fiind dezvoltat de o echip\u0103 independent\u0103 de dezvoltatori \u0219i nefiind actualizat din 2016.       <\/p>\n<p>Cele mai notabile \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri \u00een RPM 4.20:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost inclus\u0103 o nou\u0103 utilitate rpm2archive, care a \u00eenlocuit utilitatea rpm2cpio \u0219i va simplifica \u00een continuare tranzi\u021bia la noul format de pachete, care nu utilizeaz\u0103 cpio. Spre deosebire de rpm2cpio, noua utilitate transform\u0103 fi\u0219ierul RPM nu \u00eentr-o arhiv\u0103 cpio, ci \u00eentr-o arhiv\u0103 \u00een format tar, comprimat cu gzip. Vechea utilitate rpm2cpio a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu un link simbolic c\u0103tre rpm2archive.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost propus un sistem de construc\u021bie declarativ, bazat pe utilizarea unei noi directive \u201eBuildSystem\u201d, prin care poate fi definit sistemul de construc\u021bie utilizat la formarea pachetului. Codul surs\u0103 este preg\u0103tit automat, compilat \u0219i instalat \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de sistemul de construc\u021bie specificat, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 definirea separat\u0103 \u00een fi\u0219ierul SPEC a scripturilor de preg\u0103tire, construc\u021bie \u0219i instalare \u00een blocurile \u201e%prep\u201d, \u201e%build\u201d \u0219i \u201e%install\u201d. \u00cen RPM, sistemele de construc\u021bie acceptate sunt definite sub form\u0103 de colec\u021bii de macrocomenzi.\n<p>Ideea principal\u0103 este c\u0103 formatul declarativ de configurare va permite dezvoltatorilor de distribu\u021bii s\u0103 creeze macrocomenzi separate pentru procesele tipice de construc\u021bie, pentru a evita definirea scenariilor repetate \u00een fiecare pachet. De exemplu, \u00een loc de a defini secven\u021bele de execu\u021bie pentru comenzile configure \u0219i make pentru programele care folosesc Autotools, acum este suficient s\u0103 specifica\u021bi \u201eBuildSystem: autotools\u201d \u0219i s\u0103 evita\u021bi sec\u021biunile \u201e%prep\u201d, \u201e%build\u201d \u0219i \u201e%install\u201d. \u00cen prezent, astfel de macrocomenzi sunt preg\u0103tite pentru Autotools \u0219i CMake. \u00cen cazul \u00een care este necesar\u0103 implementarea unui comportament standardizat, persoanele care \u00eenso\u021besc pachetele au posibilitatea de a conecta propriile macrocomenzi pentru a suprascrie diferitele etape de formare a pachetului.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru ata\u0219area de sec\u021biuni suplimentare cu comenzi de preg\u0103tire, compilare, instalare, configurare, cur\u0103\u021bare \u0219i verificare, care completeaz\u0103 sec\u021biunile de baz\u0103 %prep, %conf, %build, %install, %check \u0219i %clean. Pentru a rula un script suplimentar \u00eenainte de a executa codul din sec\u021biunea de baz\u0103, a fost propus\u0103 op\u021biunea &#171;-p&#187;, iar dup\u0103 sec\u021biunea de baz\u0103 \u2014 op\u021biunea &#171;-a&#187;. Astfel de substitu\u021bii pot fi utile pentru ajustarea fin\u0103 a comportamentului atunci c\u00e2nd se folose\u0219te modul declara\u021biei de compilare descris mai sus.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen p\u0103r\u021bile generate dinamic ale fi\u0219ierelor SPEC este permis\u0103 includerea de directive \u0219i sec\u021biuni care nu afecteaz\u0103 procesul de compilare.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 macrocomanda %builddir \u0219i a fost implementat\u0103 o op\u021biune gestionat\u0103 prin RPM care permite legarea propriilor directoare de compilare la pachete separate.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost propus un nou protocol &#171;multi-file&#187;, care accelereaz\u0103 semnificativ generarea dependen\u021belor.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen comanda rpm a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea &#171;&#8212;json&#187; pentru a genera rezultatele \u00een format JSON.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat pluginul rpm-plugin-unshare, care ofer\u0103 izolare pentru scripturile executate \u00een sec\u021biunile de compilare, utiliz\u00e2nd spa\u021bii de nume \u00een Linux. De exemplu, pluginul permite interzicerea accesului la re\u021bea \u0219i limitarea accesului la sistemul de fi\u0219iere, precum \u0219i utilizarea unor directoare private separate \\\/tmp \u0219i \\\/home pentru a asigura protec\u021bia \u00een cazul \u00een care se lucreaz\u0103 nesigur cu fi\u0219iere temporare \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii pachetelor.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost propus un API public pentru dezvoltarea de pluginuri, care va men\u021bine compatibilitatea \u00eentre versiuni. Anterior, API-ul pentru pluginuri era destinat doar utiliz\u0103rii interne \u0219i putea suferi modific\u0103ri de la o versiune la alta.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen comanda rpmkeys au fost ad\u0103ugate op\u021biunile &#171;&#8212;list&#187; \u0219i &#171;&#8212;delete&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> Echipa rpmsign a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru crearea de semn\u0103turi digitale pentru pachete, folosind chei ECDSA.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit suportul pentru compil\u0103ri repetate. A fost ad\u0103ugat macro-ul &#171;%build_mtime_policy&#187;, care permite gestionarea con\u021binutului etichetelor ad\u0103ugate \u00een timpul compil\u0103rii (prin valoarea clamp_to_source_date_epoch se poate utiliza o etichet\u0103 fix\u0103, iar prin clamp_to_buildtime se poate specifica timpul efectiv al compil\u0103rii).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen fi\u0219ierele sysusers.d este permis\u0103 ad\u0103ugarea de linii pentru definirea membrilor grupului.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a asigurat suport corect \u0219i independent de distribu\u021bii pentru fi\u0219ierele debuginfo.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost declarat \u00eenvechit sintaxa macro-urilor %patchN (f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021biu \u00eenainte de N), utilizarea c\u0103reia va duce acum la o eroare (se recomand\u0103 utilizarea sintaxei &#171;%patch N&#187; sau &#171;%patch -P N&#187;, unde N este num\u0103rul patch-ului).\n<li class=\"l\"> Parserul OpenPGP \u00eenvechit a fost eliminat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Generatoarele de dependen\u021be pentru Perl \u0219i Python ABI au fost mutate \u00een repozitorii separate.    <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62035\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 RPM 4.20.0. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 RPM4 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Red Hat \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a RHEL, Fedora, SUSE, openSUSE, ALT Linux, OpenMandriva, Mageia, PCLinuxOS \u0438 Tizen. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 GPLv2 \u0438 LGPLv2. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 RPM 6, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 RPM 4.20.0.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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