Bradley M. Kuhn, director executiv \u0219i unul dintre fondatorii organiza\u021biei de ap\u0103rare Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u0219i-a exprimat critica fa\u021b\u0103 de defini\u021bia sistemului AI deschis (Open Source AI) recent publicat\u0103 de organiza\u021bia OSI (Open Source Initiative). \u00cen opinia lui Kuhn, organiza\u021bia OSI a gr\u0103bit publicarea versiunii finale a defini\u021biei, aprob\u00e2nd-o f\u0103r\u0103 o discu\u021bie ampl\u0103 \u0219i detaliat\u0103 \u00een etapa ini\u021bial\u0103 de dezvoltare a unor astfel de sisteme. Spre deosebire de aceasta, defini\u021bia Open Source a fost formulat\u0103 dup\u0103 mul\u021bi ani de reflec\u021bii \u0219i discu\u021bii. Referitor la defini\u021bia publicat\u0103 a sistemului AI deschis, \u00een aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie denumit\u0103 nu defini\u021bie, ci recomandare. <\/p>\n
Kuhn se teme c\u0103 criteriile acceptate \u00een forma actual\u0103 pentru AI deschis vor avea consecin\u021be de amploare, vor submina autoritatea termenului Open Source \u0219i vor duce la divizarea comunit\u0103\u021bii. Problema este c\u0103, \u00een ciuda obiec\u021biilor, organiza\u021bia OSI a f\u0103cut un compromis \u0219i nu a inclus cerin\u021ba de a furniza datele utilizate pentru antrenarea modelului. Cauza compromisului a fost c\u0103, dac\u0103 ar fi fost ad\u0103ugat un astfel de punct, niciunul dintre modelele mari existente de limbaj nu ar fi ob\u021binut statutul de deschis. <\/p>\n
\u00cen opinia OSI, definirea unui sistem AI deschis, care s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 cont de realit\u0103\u021bile actuale, va ajuta la prevenirea manipul\u0103rii termenului \u201edeschis\u201d de c\u0103tre produc\u0103tori, care, \u00een condi\u021bii de incertitudine, numesc modele deschise doar pe baza accesibilit\u0103\u021bii coeficientilor, chiar dac\u0103 licen\u021ba modelului restric\u021bioneaz\u0103 domeniul de utilizare (de exemplu, multe modele interzic utilizarea \u00een proiecte comerciale) \u0219i nu dezv\u0103luie detaliile implement\u0103rii. <\/p>\n
\u00cen defini\u021bia aprobat\u0103 de OSI a sistemului AI deschis, se cere doar furnizarea de informa\u021bii detaliate despre datele utilizate pentru antrenare, dar nu \u0219i datele \u00een sine. F\u0103r\u0103 furnizarea datelor brute pe care modelul a fost antrenat, nu este posibil\u0103 reproducerea complet\u0103 a sistemului AI, ceea ce contrazice conceptul de cod surs\u0103 deschis. Astfel, organiza\u021bia OSI s-a limitat la a considera modelul AI doar ca o tehnologie \u0219i nu ca un produs integrat. <\/p>\n
Defini\u021bia acceptat\u0103 a unui sistem AI deschis ofer\u0103, de fapt, doar dou\u0103 din cele patru libert\u0103\u021bi declarate ale Open Source - posibilitatea de a utiliza \u0219i de a distribui, de\u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bile de a modifica \u0219i de a studia nu sunt complet asigurate. \u00cen plus, lipsa datelor surs\u0103 \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 identificarea \u00eenlocuirii backdoor-urilor \u00een modelele de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103. <\/p>\n
Pe de alt\u0103 parte, publicarea datelor originale este \u00een multe cazuri imposibil\u0103 din motive care nu depind de dezvoltatorul modelului AI, cum ar fi necesitatea de a p\u0103stra confiden\u021bialitatea, utilizarea materialelor protejate prin drepturi de autor, licen\u021bierea datelor de la furnizori terti etc. Potrivit criticilor defini\u021biei adoptate, aceste probleme nu constituie un motiv pentru diminuarea \u0219i devalorizarea conceptului de Open Source. <\/p>\n
Bradley Kun inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 participe la urm\u0103toarele alegeri pentru conducerea OSI \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 intre \u00een consiliul director pentru a ob\u021bine anularea defini\u021biei adoptate \u0219i tranformarea acesteia \u00een recomand\u0103ri. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 organiza\u021bia Software Freedom Conservancy, unele dintre dezvoltatorii proiectului Debian \u0219i-au exprimat dezacordul fa\u021b\u0103 de defini\u021bia AI-ului deschis, ini\u021biind un vot comun pentru a atrage aten\u021bia asupra problemei. De asemenea, Funda\u021bia SSO lucreaz\u0103 la propria defini\u021bie a sistemului AI liber, care inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 introduc\u0103 \u00een defini\u021bia sa cerin\u021ba accesibilit\u0103\u021bii tuturor datelor, dar recunoa\u0219te existen\u021ba motivelor etice care \u00eempiedic\u0103 \u00een unele cazuri divulgarea datelor (de exemplu, dac\u0103 \u00een timpul antren\u0103rii au fost folosite date medicale sau personale). \u0411\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u043d (Bradley M. Kuhn), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 OSI (Open Source Initiative) \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 AI-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (Open Source AI). \u041f\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041a\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f OSI \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 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Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"