{"id":123227,"date":"2025-04-03T22:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-04-03T20:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=123227"},"modified":"2025-04-03T22:00:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T20:00:01","slug":"linux-6-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/linux-6-14","title":{"rendered":"Linux 6.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Linux 6.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/bb26294c504a79981549ca07f72d9c4a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>                              <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 dou\u0103 luni de dezvoltare, Linus Torvalds <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAHk-=wg7TO09Si5tTPyhdrLLvyYtVmCf+GGN4kVJ0=Xk=5TE3g@mail.gmail.com\/T\/\">a prezentat<\/a> lansarea nucleului Linux 6.14. Cele mai notabile modific\u0103ri includ: driverul ntsync cu primitive de sincronizare Windows NT, configurarea echilibr\u0103rii opera\u021biunilor de citire \u00een Btrfs RAID1, suportul pentru reflink \u00een XFS \u00een modul realtime, posibilitatea de input\/output bufferizat ne-cachabil, dmem cgroup pentru limitarea memoriei GPU, utilizarea io_uring \u00een FUSE, delegarea atributelor \u00een NFS, suport pentru scrierea atomic\u0103 \u00een Device mapper, accelerarea linkurilor simbolice, gestionarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de execu\u021bie a scripturilor, suport pentru cipuri Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite, driver pentru NPU AMD.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>Noua versiune include 12115 corec\u021bii de la 1984 de dezvoltatori, dimensiunea patch-ului fiind de 39 MB (modific\u0103rile au afectat 10170 de fi\u0219iere, au fost ad\u0103ugate 531586 de linii de cod \u0219i au fost \u0219terse 235999 de linii). \u00cen versiunea anterioar\u0103, au fost 14172 de corec\u021bii de la 2086 de dezvoltatori, iar dimensiunea patch-ului a fost de 46 MB. Aproximativ 41% din toate modific\u0103rile prezentate \u00een 6.14 sunt legate de driverele de dispozitive, \u00een jur de 13% se refer\u0103 la actualizarea codului specific arhitecturilor hardware, 14% sunt legate de stiva de re\u021bea, 7% de sistemele de fi\u0219iere \u0219i 4% de subsistemele interne ale nucleului.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_6.14\">Principalele<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/1006378\/\">nout\u0103\u021bi<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Subsistemul de disc, I\/O \u0219i sistemele de fi\u0219iere<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul de fi\u0219iere Btrfs, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6d7a9154955e\">a ap\u0103rut<\/a> suport pentru noi metode de echilibrare a opera\u021biunilor de citire \u00eentre unit\u0103\u021bile din matricea RAID1. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 modul existent de distribuire a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii bazat pe identificatorii de procese (pid), noua versiune propune trei moduri noi de echilibrare: \u00abrotation\u00bb (distribu\u021bie uniform\u0103 a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii \u00eentre toate unit\u0103\u021bile, activat implicit); \u00ablatency\u00bb (distribu\u021bie lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare \u00eent\u00e2rzierile, poate fi util \u00een caz de defec\u021biuni sau func\u021bionare instabil\u0103 a unit\u0103\u021bilor); devid (control manual). Pentru a schimba modul de echilibrare <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c86aae73bd58\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a> interfa\u021ba \/sys\/fs\/btrfs\/\/read_policy. Printre alte modific\u0103ri \u00een Btrfs \u2013 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bfcf6d04f8ee817b2cb7c238e0a14392a3245f45\">specifica\u021biei CSI prin sidecar-uri nu corespunde acestor cerin\u021be:<\/a> ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241220154831.1086649-1-axboe@kernel.dk\/T\/\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> modul de input\/output bufferizat ne-cachabil, \u00een care datele sunt \u0219terse din cache-ul paginilor imediat dup\u0103 ce opera\u021biunile de citire sau scriere sunt finalize. Aceast\u0103 modificare poate fi util\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 dispozitive de stocare foarte rapide, pentru care cache-ul opera\u021biunilor \u00een memoria RAM este redundant. Pentru aceste dispozitive, noul mod permite evitarea consumului excesiv de memorie de c\u0103tre cache-ul de pagini f\u0103r\u0103 a recurge la utilizarea unui API complex de input\/output direct (Direct I\/O).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen fsnotify, mecanismul de urm\u0103rire a modific\u0103rilor \u00een FS, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-fsdevel\/20241121112218.8249-1-jack@suse.cz\/T\/\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a> un nou eveniment FS_PRE_ACCESS, generat \u00eenainte de accesarea con\u021binutului unui fi\u0219ier. Evenimentul este procesat \u00een mod sincron, adic\u0103 nucleul trimite evenimentul \u0219i a\u0219teapt\u0103 un r\u0103spuns. Dac\u0103 r\u0103spunsul este primit, opera\u021bia se realizeaz\u0103, iar \u00een caz de e\u0219ec, apelul de sistem returneaz\u0103 un cod de eroare \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Prin intermediul FS_PRE_ACCESS, procesul din spa\u021biul utilizatorului, de exemplu, poate organiza completarea fi\u0219ierului pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce datele devin disponibile \u00een stocarea lent\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>subsistemul FUSE, care permite crearea de implement\u0103ri ale sistemelor de fi\u0219iere \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, a fost ad\u0103ugat <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/filesystems\/fuse-io-uring.html\">suport pentru<\/a> schimbului de date \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i handler \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului folosind mecanismul de I\/O io_uring. Modificarea permite cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei FUSE prin reducerea context-switch-urilor \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i spa\u021biul utilizatorului.<\/li>\n<li>sistemului de fi\u0219iere XFS a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.oracle.com\/linux\/post\/xfs-realtime-device\">posibilitatea<\/a> utilizarea map\u0103rii inverse (rmap, reverse-mapping) \u00een modul de func\u021bionare cu \u00eent\u00e2rzieri predictibile (\u00abdispozitiv \u00een timp real\u00bb). Maparea invers\u0103 permite determinarea pentru ce fi\u0219ier este folosit un anumit bloc pe dispozitivul de stocare. Prin intermediul rmap \u00een XFS pentru modul \u00een timp real este implementat suportul pentru opera\u021bia reflink, care permite crearea copiilor de fi\u0219iere prin clonarea metadatelor fi\u0219ierului \u0219i crearea unei leg\u0103turi la datele existente f\u0103r\u0103 a le copia efectiv.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen VFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ea382199071931d19aac5f688b543e07360e2b64\">a fost implementat<\/a> caching-ul dimensiunilor link-urilor simbolice, permi\u021b\u00e2nd o \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire de 1.5% a execu\u021biei opera\u021biei readlink (\u00een testul cu \/initrd.img \u00een ext4). Caching-ul este activat \u00een FS ext4 \u0219i tmpfs.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen implementarea NFSv4.2 a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ietf.org\/archive\/id\/draft-ietf-nfsv4-delstid-08.html\">delegarea atributelor fi\u0219ierelor<\/a>, permi\u021b\u00e2nd gestionarea atributelor fi\u0219ierelor, cum ar fi timpul de modificare (mtime), pe partea clientului NFS, f\u0103r\u0103 a fi necesar\u0103 resetarea modific\u0103rilor pe server. De asemenea, \u00een NFS a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 sus\u021binerea protocolului &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/filesystems\/nfs\/localio.html\">LOCALIO<\/a>&raquo;, care permite determinarea dac\u0103 clientul \u0219i serverul NFS se afl\u0103 pe aceea\u0219i gazd\u0103, pentru a utiliza optimiz\u0103rile corespunz\u0103toare, cum ar fi utilizarea de c\u0103tre client a intr\u0103rii\/ie\u0219irii directe (Direct I\/O).<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241216204124.3752367-1-dhowells@redhat.com\/T\/\">\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103<\/a> performan\u021ba opera\u021biilor de citire \u00een sistemele de fi\u0219iere NETFS, CIFS \u0219i AFS (Andrew File System).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen Squashfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241229233752.54481-1-phillip@squashfs.org.uk\/T\/\">inclus<\/a> modul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare direct\u0103 a blocurilor \u00een cache-ul paginilor (SQUASHFS_FILE_DIRECT), care permite evitarea unui cache separat read_page. Modificarea a redus dimensiunea memoriei consumate \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii Squashfs.<\/li>\n<li>\u00een apelul de sistem statx() <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-man\/20250108085900.GA27227@lst.de\/T\/\">a fost implementat<\/a> flagul STATX_DIO_READ_ALIGN, pentru a determina alinierea necesar\u0103 pentru opera\u021biunile de citire dintr-un fi\u0219ier.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul de fi\u0219iere Bcachefs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2622f2904170\">a fost actualizat<\/a> \u0219i <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62731\">stabilizat<\/a> formatul structurilor de disc. Orice modific\u0103ri ulterioare ale formatului vor fi considerate op\u021bionale \u0219i vor fi implementate sub form\u0103 de suplimente op\u021bionale. Viteza de verificare a integrit\u0103\u021bii FS a fost semnificativ crescut\u0103. \u00cen plus, la Bcachefs s-a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit func\u021bionarea \u00een modul doar citire; au fost rezolvate problemele care duceau la accesarea memoriei dup\u0103 eliberare (use after free); au fost abordate problemele legate de indicii reflink \u00een fsck; a fost corectat\u0103 procesarea repornirii tranzac\u021biei.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=127186cfb184\">Restabilit<\/a> modul md-linear, destinat combin\u0103rii dispozitivelor de bloc. Acest modul a fost anterior declarat \u00eenvechit \u0219i eliminat din nucleul 6.8, dar s-a dovedit a fi cerut \u0219i, prin urmare, acum a fost recuperat.<\/li>\n<li>Sistemele de fi\u0219iere F2FS \u0219i SQUASHFS au fost transferate la utilizarea <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56478#folios\">folii mari de memorie<\/a> (pagina folios).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=b56426bcf880d0f14a482c302ab7e37f3e6c3583\">null_blk<\/a> a fost implementat atributul &laquo;rotational&raquo;, setat prin configfs \u0219i permi\u021b\u00e2nd simularea func\u021bion\u0103rii cu un dispozitiv bazat pe discuri rotative pentru simplificarea test\u0103rii func\u021biilor nucleului.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul Device mapper \u0219i \u00een modulele dm-mirror, dm-io, dm-table, dm-linear, dm-stripe \u0219i dm-raid1 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-scsi\/20250116170301.474130-1-john.g.garry@oracle.com\/T\/\">a fost implementat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru scriere atomic\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Memorie \u0219i servicii de sistem<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kselftest\/20241213193511.457338-1-zfigura@codeweavers.com\/T\/\">Integrarea \u00een kernel a mecanismului \u201e<\/a> integrarea \u00een nucleul driverului <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/userspace-api\/ntsync.html\">ntsync<\/a>, care implementeaz\u0103 dispozitivul simbolic \/dev\/ntsync \u0219i un set de primitive pentru sincronizare, utilizate \u00een nucleul Windows NT. Implementarea acestor primitive la nivelul nucleului permite \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a performan\u021bei jocurilor Windows care ruleaz\u0103 folosind Wine. Cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei se datoreaz\u0103 elimin\u0103rii cheltuielilor asociate cu utilizarea RPC \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Crearea unui driver separat pentru nucleul Linux se justific\u0103 prin dificultatea implement\u0103rii corecte a API-ului de sincronizare NT pe baza primitivului existent \u00een nucleu.<\/li>\n<li>A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou controler cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/admin-guide\/cgroup-v2.html#dmem\">DMEM<\/a> pentru contabilizarea separat\u0103 a domeniilor de memorie ale dispozitivelor, cum ar fi GPU. DMEM permite crearea de cgroup-uri separate pentru diferite sarcini care lucreaz\u0103 cu GPU, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t acestea s\u0103 poat\u0103 rula f\u0103r\u0103 a se influen\u021ba reciproc. Noua func\u021bionalitate rezolv\u0103 problema finaliz\u0103rii for\u021bate a opera\u021biunilor cu GPU atunci c\u00e2nd memoria disponibil\u0103 este epuizat\u0103, datorit\u0103 contabiliz\u0103rii memoriei reflectate GPU \u0219i a memoriei CPU utilizate de drivere \u00een cgroup-uri separate.<\/li>\n<li>Au fost aduse optimiz\u0103ri pentru scalarea opera\u021biunii de resetare (flush) a cache-ului TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer), utilizat pentru accelerarea conversiei adreselor virtuale \u00een fizice. Optimizarile ad\u0103ugate constau \u00een actualizarea \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a unor structuri de date \u00een timpul comut\u0103rii contextului, ceea ce permite \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea performan\u021bei \u00een timpul parcurgerii unor teste.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241231043538.4075764-1-yuzhao@google.com\/T\/\">\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103<\/a> performan\u021ba mecanismului <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/admin-guide\/mm\/multigen_lru.html\">MGLRU<\/a> (Multi-Generational LRU), utilizat pentru a determina care pagini de memorie sunt utilizate \u0219i care pot fi evacuate \u00een zona de swap.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e3610441d1fb\">Continuat<\/a> transferul modific\u0103rilor din ramura <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Rust-for-Linux\/linux\">Rust-for-Linux<\/a>, legate de utilizarea limbajului Rust ca al doilea limbaj pentru dezvoltarea driverelor \u0219i modulelor nucleului (suportul Rust nu este activat implicit \u0219i nu implic\u0103 includerea Rust ca dependen\u021b\u0103 obligatorie a compil\u0103rii nucleului). A fost oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a utiliza \u00een codul nucleului macro-ul &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/doc.rust-lang.org\/nightly\/std\/marker\/derive.CoercePointee.html\">derive(CoercePointee)<\/a>&raquo;, care permite utilizarea pointerilor inteligen\u021bi cu obiecte-trait. \u00cen cadrul nucleului, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">sunt incluse<\/a> leg\u0103turile Rust pentru <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/pci.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">PCI<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/platform.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">platforme<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/of.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">Open Firmware<\/a>, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/miscdevice.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">dispozitive simbolice<\/a> \u0219i unele <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/diff\/rust\/kernel\/io.rs?id=2ab002c755bfa88777e3f2db884d531f3010736c\">func\u021bii de intrare\/ie\u0219ire<\/a>. Greg Kroah-Hartman, responsabil cu suportul ramurii stabile a kernel-ului Linux, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/Z5kokYUDYEO2Cknj@kroah.com\/\">a caracterizat<\/a> starea actual\u0103 este &laquo;aproape gata pentru scrierea unui driver real \u00een Rust&raquo;.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen scenariile de compilare <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/rust-for-linux\/20250103204521.1885406-20-samitolvanen@google.com\/T\/\">sub licen\u021ba MIT. Instrumentul utilizeaz\u0103 metode de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu analiza static\u0103 \u0219i dinamic\u0103 a codului JavaScript. Se afirm\u0103 c\u0103 utilizarea \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103rii automate a permis \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea semnificativ\u0103 a preciziei \u00een identificarea codului pentru identificarea ascuns\u0103 \u0219i a identificat cu 26% mai multe scripturi problematice<\/a> un nou cod pentru generarea versiunilor simbolurilor de depanare pentru modulele \u00eenc\u0103rcabile, care acum utilizeaz\u0103 informa\u021bii din \u00eenregistr\u0103rile de depanare \u00een format DWARF, nu analizeaz\u0103 direct codul surs\u0103. Modificarea permite aplicarea versiilor simbolurilor de depanare pentru modulele scrise \u00een limbajul Rust. Implementarea veche este, de asemenea, p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een kernel, iar alegerea generatorului se face la nivelul op\u021biunilor de compilare.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru arhitectura PowerPC <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20241116192306.88217-1-sshegde@linux.ibm.com\/T\/\">a fost implementat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru modul de preem\u021bie lene\u0219\u0103 (PREEMPT_LAZY, preem\u021biune lene\u0219\u0103), care corespunde modului de preem\u021biune complet\u0103 (&laquo;full preemption&raquo;) pentru sarcinile \u00een timp real (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), dar \u00eent\u00e2rzie preem\u021biunea sarcinilor obi\u0219nuite (SCHED_NORMAL) p\u00e2n\u0103 la limita tic-tac.<\/li>\n<li>\u00een subsistemul de profilare a performan\u021bei perf <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6c4aa896ebee5edf2b35a9d071e5a468797f96d8\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru contoarele de consum de energie ale procesorului AMD. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7685b334d1e4927cc73b62c65293ba65748d9c52\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> posibilitatea de a opera pe sisteme cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2048 de nuclee CPU.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7863dcc72d0f\">A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> posibilitatea de a folosi parametrii sysctl pid_max cu spa\u021biile de nume pentru identificatorii de procese (ID namespace). Parametrul pid_max este destinat limit\u0103rii valorii maxime a identificatorilor de procese (PID) \u0219i acum poate fi folosit pentru a limita num\u0103rul maxim de procese care pot fi rulate \u00een spa\u021biul de nume specificat. Tratarea parametrului se face ierarhic, adic\u0103 restric\u021biile din spa\u021biile de nume externe se aplic\u0103 \u0219i spa\u021biilor de nume \u00eencorporate.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2nd este utilizat\u0103 pentru a lansa un proces sistemul de apel de <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/execveat.2.html\">execveat<\/a> \u00een sistemul de fi\u0219iere \/proc acum va afi\u0219a numele fi\u0219ierului lansat, nu num\u0103rul descriptorului de fi\u0219ier.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen codul surs\u0103 al nucleului (\u00een directorul samples) a fost adaugat\u0103 utilitarul mountinfo, care demonstreaz\u0103 utilizarea apelurilor sistemului statmount() \u0219i listmount().<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen subsistemul BPF <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4fec4c22f046\">sunt oferite<\/a> noi func\u021bii bpf_local_irq_save() \u0219i bpf_local_irq_restore() pentru a dezactiva temporar \u00eentreruperile pe CPU-ul local. Func\u021biile pot fi folosite pentru a implementa structuri a c\u0103ror procesare nu este \u00eentrerupt\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen apelul sistemului <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/madvise.2.html\">madvise()<\/a> c\u00e2nd se folosesc flag-urile MADV_DONTNEED \u0219i MADV_FREE <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=6375e95f381e\">asigurat<\/a> eliberarea tabelelor de pagini de memorie asociate cu intervalul de adrese eliberat, deoarece \u00een anumite situa\u021bii paginile de memorie goale pot ocupa destul de mult\u0103 memorie.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru arhitectura OpenRISC a fost implementat suportul pentru mecanismul secven\u021belor re\u00eenc\u0103rcabile (rseq, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/697979\/\">restartable sequences<\/a>), destinat pentru a executa rapid opera\u021biuni atomice, care, \u00een cazul \u00eentreruperii de c\u0103tre un alt fir, sunt cur\u0103\u021bate \u0219i se re\u00eencerc\u0103 executarea.<\/li>\n<li>Codul a fost reorganizat cu implementarea algoritmilor CRC32 \u0219i CRC-T10DIF, care nu mai interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu subsistemul crypto \u0219i sunt apelati direct din interfa\u021ba de bibliotec\u0103. Aceast\u0103 modificare a permis simplificarea codului \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea eficien\u021bei acestuia.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul de intrare\/ie\u0219ire asincron io_uring <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-fsdevel\/20241128112240.8867-1-anuj20.g@samsung.com\/T\/\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a> interfa\u021b\u0103 pentru a transmite metadate suplimentare despre integritatea \u00een timpul opera\u021biunilor de citire \u0219i scriere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtualizare \u0219i securitate<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen apelul sistemic <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/execveat.2.html\">execveat<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-security-module\/20241212174223.389435-1-mic@digikod.net\/T\/\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a> flag-ul AT_EXECVE_CHECK, care permite <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/next\/userspace-api\/check_exec.html\">efectuarea verific\u0103rii<\/a> posibilitatea execu\u021biei unui fi\u0219ier f\u0103r\u0103 a fi efectuat efectiv, dar av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere politicile de securitate, drepturile de acces \u0219i modulele LSM active. Pentru utilizare \u00een combina\u021bie cu AT_EXECVE_CHECK, au fost propuse flagurile securebit SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE \u0219i SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE, care pot fi utilizate pentru a restric\u021biona execu\u021bia fi\u0219ierelor cu scripturi \u00een limbaje de programare interpretate. Flagul SECBIT_EXEC_RESTRICT_FILE impune leg\u0103torilor \u0219i interpretorilor s\u0103 utilizeze op\u021biunea AT_EXECVE_CHECK pentru a verifica validitatea execu\u021biei, iar flagul SECBIT_EXEC_DENY_INTERACTIVE interzice procesarea comenzilor interactive. Ideea principal\u0103 a modific\u0103rii este aplicarea politicilor de securitate nu doar fi\u0219ierelor executabile tradi\u021bionale, ci \u0219i fi\u0219ierelor text cu scripturi care pot fi \u00eenc\u0103rcate prin rularea interpretorului (adic\u0103 interdic\u021bia de execu\u021bie poate fi implementat\u0103 nu doar la rularea &laquo;.\/script.sh&raquo;, ci \u0219i la executarea sub forma &laquo;sh script.sh&raquo;).<\/li>\n<li>Pe sistemele x86 este implementat suportul pentru contoare de timp protejate pentru sistemele guest, care nu permit modificarea ceasului sistemului guest din mediul host. Aceast\u0103 capacitate este realizat\u0103 pe baza mecanismului <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/developer\/sev.html\">AMD SEV<\/a> (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), utilizat \u00een sistemele de virtualizare pentru a proteja ma\u0219inile virtuale de interven\u021bii din partea hypervisor-ului sau a administratorului sistemului host.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul de control de acces mandatar SELinux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4aa176193475d37441cc52b84088542f3a59899a\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/selinuxproject.org\/page\/XpermRules\">regulile xperm<\/a>, care permit legarea politicilor SELinux la apeluri specifice ioctl() sau mesaje netlink.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru semnarea modulelor kernel cu o semn\u0103tur\u0103 digital\u0103, algoritmul implicit este <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f3b93547b91ad849b58eb5ab2dd070950ad7beb3\">a fost utilizat<\/a> algoritmul SHA512.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverele pentru sistemele guest VirtualBox <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250118-vfs-misc-84fb5265d102@brauner\/\">sistemul de compozitare<\/a> suport pentru arhitectura ARM64.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen hypervisorul KVM <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=0f8e26b38d7ac72b3ad764944a25dd5808f37a6e\">a fost continuat\u0103<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20250106124633.1418972-1-nikunj@amd.com\/T\/\">la<\/a> folosind mecanismul Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) pentru criptarea memoriei sistemelor guest.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen virtio_blk <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5820a3b08987951e3e4a89fca8ab6e1448f672e1\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru modul de recuperare a erorilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Subsystema de re\u021bea<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen implementarea protocolului <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.kernel.org\/networking\/rxrpc.html\">RxRPC<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241204074710.990092-1-dhowells@redhat.com\/T\/\">a ap\u0103rut<\/a> posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii cadrelor mari UDP pentru cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii de transmisie.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru TCP, a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru algoritmul <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc8985\">RACK-TLP<\/a> pentru determinarea pierderii de pachete.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241209-jakub-krn-909-poc-msec-tw-tstamp-v2-0-66aca0eed03e@cloudflare.com\/T\/\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> un nou parametru sysctl tcp_tw_reuse_delay, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu spa\u021biul de nume (network namespace) \u0219i permite definirea \u00eent\u00e2rzierii \u00eenainte ca sistemul s\u0103 poat\u0103 reutiliza num\u0103rul portului de re\u021bea dup\u0103 \u00eenchiderea socket-ului TCP.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=bc6a5efe3dcd\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> posibilitatea de a alege un furnizor de timp precis (PTP) pentru generarea de timpi la nivelurile PHY \u0219i MAC.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru IPsec <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241114070713.3718740-1-chopps@chopps.org\/T\/\">a fost implementat\u0103<\/a> suport pentru mecanismul de agregare \u0219i fragmentare a pachetelor IP \u00eencastrate &ndash; <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/rfc9347\/\">IP-TFS\/AGGFRAG<\/a> (IP Traffic Flow Security\/Mode de Agregare \u0219i Fragmentare pentru \u00cencapsularea Sarcinii de Securitate).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen sistemul de socket-uri de re\u021bea <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a32f3e9d1ed146f81162702605d65447a319eb76\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/netdev\/20241213084457.45120-1-annaemesenyiri@gmail.com\/T\/\">suport pentru<\/a> transmiterea informa\u021biilor despre prioritate (SO_PRIORITY) sub form\u0103 de mesaje de control (cmsg &#8212; control messages). Pentru socket-uri de re\u021bea <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e45469e594b255ef8d750ed5576698743450d2ac\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> op\u021biunea SO_RCVPRIORITY, care include \u00een func\u021bia recvmsg() transmiterea informa\u021biilor despre prioritatea socket-ului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Echipament<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> un motor <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60512\">amdxdna<\/a> pentru acceleratoarele NPU (Unitate de Procesare Neural\u0103) integrate \u00een CPU AMD pe baza arhitecturii <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/xdna.html\">XDNA<\/a>, destinate acceler\u0103rii opera\u021biunilor legate de \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea automat\u0103. NPU pe baza arhitecturii XDNA este disponibil\u0103 \u00een seriile 7040 \u0219i 8040 ale procesoarelor AMD Ryzen, acceleratoarele AMD Alveo V70 \u0219i SoC AMD Versal.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul i915 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">au fost ad\u0103ugate<\/a> identificatorii noilor GPU, a fost implementat un handler pentru erorile de ini\u021bializare HDMI, fiabilitatea reset\u0103rii motoarelor GPU a fost crescut\u0103 pe sistemele Haswell \u0219i cele anterioare.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/CAPM=9tw+ySbm80B=zHVhodMFoS_fqNw_v4yVURCv3cc9ukvYYg@mail.gmail.com\/\">Continuarea<\/a> lucr\u0103rile la driverul drm (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pentru GPU pe baza arhitecturii Intel Xe, utilizat\u0103 \u00een pl\u0103cile video Intel din familia Arc \u0219i grafica integrat\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu procesoarele Tiger Lake.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul Nouveau a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a transmis buferi cu jurnale GSP-RM prin debugfs.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul AMDGPU a fost implementat suportul pentru mecanismul DRM panic, care afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un echivalent al &laquo;ecranului albastru al mor\u021bii&raquo; \u00een caz de erori. A fost continuat\u0103 preg\u0103tirea pentru suportul viitoarei serii de pl\u0103ci grafice Radeon RX 9000 bazate pe arhitectura RDNA4. Suportul pentru DCN 3.5, GG 9.5, IH 4.4, PSP 13.x, SMU 13.x, VCN 5.x, JPEG 5.x, GC 12.x, DC FAMS, RAS \u0219i ISP a fost actualizat.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul DRM msm (GPU Qualcomm Adreno) a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru platforma Qualcomm SM6150 (QCS615).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul DRM panfrost a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru SoC MediaTek MT8188 cu GPU Mali-G57.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul DRM vc4 a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru SoC Broadcom BCM2712 (Raspberry Pi 5).<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen driverul vfio nvgrace-gpu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=2bb447540e71ee530388750c38e1b2c8ea08b4b7\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-kernel\/20250124183102.3976-1-ankita@nvidia.com\/T\/\">suport pentru<\/a> cipurile NVIDIA Grace Blackwell 200.<\/li>\n<li>Include <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/00996191-sr76-57o6-3rr0-o1s3qs80s94o@xreary.bet\/\">inclus<\/a> driver pentru controlerele Intel THC (Touch Host Controller), folosit pentru interac\u021biunea cu ecranele tactile \u0219i touchpad-urile pe unele laptopuri. A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru dispozitivele Wacom cu interfa\u021b\u0103 PCI. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/web.git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/dtor\/input.git\/commit\/?h=next&amp;id=92600f3295ff571890c981d886c6544030cc05f3\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> suport pentru controlerele de jocuri QH Electronics.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250124225700.GA2614452-robh@kernel.org\/\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/1f0939fd-1694-476e-954f-e58ff8650dd9@app.fastmail.com\/\">suport pentru<\/a> platfome ARM, SoC-uri \u0219i dispozitive: Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Elite (SM8750), Qualcomm Snapdragon AR2 (SAR2130P), Qualcomm IQ6\/IQ8, Snapdragon 425 (MSM8917), Samsung Exynos 9810, Blaize BLZP1600, Microchip SAMA7D65, Renesas R-Car V4H ES3.0, Renesas RZ\/G3E. Suportul pentru SoC <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.postmarketos.org\/wiki\/SpacemiT_Key_Stone_K1\">SpacemiT K1<\/a> pe baza arhitecturii RISC-V.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen subsistemul audio ALSA pentru MIDI 2.0 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/87tt9p4pcf.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">extinse<\/a> API rawmidi \u0219i sequencer. \u00cen API-ul pentru externalizarea opera\u021biunilor de compresie pe placa de sunet a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru ASRC (Conversia Asincron\u0103 a Frecven\u021bei de E\u0219antionare).<\/li>\n<li>A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru sistemele audio ale dispozitivelor Allwinner suinv F1C100s, Awinc AW88083, Realtek ALC5682I-VE, TAS2781, Focusrite Scarlett 4th Gen 16i16, 18i16 \u0219i 18i20. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20250101151209.100072-1-git@mayer-bgk.de\/\">Ad\u0103ugat<\/a> suport pentru c\u0103\u0219tile wireless SteelSeries Arctis 9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/kernel\/17923070\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 ntsync c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Windows NT, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Btrfs RAID1, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 reflink \u0432 XFS \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 realtime, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, dmem cgroup \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 GPU, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 io_uring \u0432 FUSE, 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