{"id":123602,"date":"2025-04-19T15:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T13:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti"},"modified":"2025-04-19T15:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T13:05:06","slug":"v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/v-python-zadejstvovany-kriptofunkczii-s-matematicheskim-dokazatelstvom-nadyozhnosti","title":{"rendered":"\u00cen Python sunt utilizate func\u021bii criptografice cu dovada matematic\u0103 a fiabilit\u0103\u021bii.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

A fost anun\u021bat finalizarea cu succes a ini\u021biativei de \u00eenlocuire \u00een Python a implement\u0103rilor algoritmilor criptografici din modulele hashlib \u0219i hmac, cu variantele ce dispun de dovezi matematice de fiabilitate, preg\u0103tite de proiectul \u00abHACL*\u00bb. Munca de trecere la func\u021bii cu dovada matematic\u0103 a fiabilit\u0103\u021bii a \u00eenceput \u00een 2022, dup\u0103 identificarea unei probleme de dep\u0103\u0219ire a buffer-ului \u00een implementarea algoritmului SHA3, utilizat\u0103 \u00een modulul hashlib din Python. <\/p>\n

\u00cen depozitul principal al proiectului CPython a fost acceptat codul cu noile implement\u0103ri ale func\u021biilor de hash criptografic \u0219i algoritmilor HMAC (mecanism de autentificare a mesajelor). Toate func\u021biile de hash \u0219i HMAC oferite implicit \u00een Python au fost \u00eenlocuite cu variante verificate. Printre altele, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 implementarea HMAC-BLAKE2, care utilizeaz\u0103 instruc\u021biuni SIMD AVX2 pentru a accelera calculul. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 codul verificat va face parte din lansarea de toamn\u0103 Python 3.14. <\/p>\n

Noile implement\u0103ri ale func\u021biilor criptografice au fost transferate din biblioteca HACL*, dezvoltat\u0103 de cercet\u0103torii de la Institutul Na\u021bional de Cercet\u0103ri \u00een Informatic\u0103 \u0219i Automatic\u0103 din Fran\u021ba (INRIA), Microsoft Research \u0219i Universitatea Carnegie Mellon. Biblioteca HACL* suport\u0103 func\u021bii criptografice standard, suficiente pentru func\u021bionarea TLS 1.3 \u0219i suport complet pentru API-ul NaCl (Networking and Cryptography library), cum ar fi Curve25519, Ed25519, AES-GCM, Chacha20, Poly1305, SHA-2, SHA-3, HMAC \u0219i HKDF. \u00cen termeni de performan\u021b\u0103, biblioteca HACL* este comparabil\u0103 cu OpenSSL, dar, spre deosebire de aceasta din urm\u0103, ofer\u0103 garan\u021bii suplimentare de fiabilitate \u0219i securitate. <\/p>\n

Codul HACL* este scris \u00eentr-un subset al limbajului func\u021bional F*, care ofer\u0103 un sistem de tipuri dependente \u0219i tipuri adnotate, permi\u021b\u00e2nd formularea de specifica\u021bii precise (model matematic) \u0219i garantarea absen\u021bei erorilor \u00een implementare prin formule SMT \u0219i instrumente auxiliare de demonstra\u021bie. Codul de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een F* este transformat \u00een cod C prin intermediul compilatorului KaRaMeL \u0219i este disponibil pentru integrare cu alte proiecte. <\/p>\n

Realizarea verific\u0103rii implic\u0103 definirea specifica\u021biilor detaliate ce descriu toate modurile de comportament ale programului \u0219i formarea unei dovezi matematice care s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 codul scris corespunde complet specifica\u021biilor preg\u0103tite. Verificarea garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 programul va func\u021biona exact a\u0219a cum au inten\u021bionat dezvoltatorii \u0219i c\u0103 nu con\u021bine anumite clase de erori, cum ar fi dep\u0103\u0219irea buffer-ului, dereferin\u021bierea pointer-ilor, accesarea zonelor de memorie deja eliberate sau eliberarea dubl\u0103 a blocurilor de memorie. \u00cen procesul de compilare exist\u0103 o verificare strict\u0103 a tipurilor \u0219i valorilor - un component nu va transmite niciodat\u0103 altui component parametrii care nu respect\u0103 specifica\u021bia \u0219i nu va avea acces la st\u0103rile interne ale altor componente. <\/p>\n

Procesul de tranzi\u021bie la codul verificat a durat dou\u0103 ani \u0219i jum\u0103tate \u0219i a necesitat actualizarea bibliotecii HACL*, a c\u0103rei func\u021bionalitate a fost extins\u0103 cu caracteristici necesare pentru \u00eenlocuirea transparent\u0103 a func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii existente hashlib. De exemplu, \u00een HACL* a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru modul de operare pe flux HMAC, au fost furnizate moduri suplimentare de operare pentru algoritmii Blake2, a fost implementat un nou API pentru SHA3, acoperind toate variantele algoritmilor din familia Keccak, \u0219i au fost asigurate instrumentele necesare pentru notificarea erorilor (de exemplu, \u00een caz de probleme cu alocarea memoriei), au fost dezvoltate scripturi pentru automatizarea transferului noilor versiuni HACL* \u00een repository-ul Python.
\n
Sursa: opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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