{"id":123698,"date":"2025-04-28T15:05:08","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T13:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-openbsd-7-7"},"modified":"2025-04-28T15:05:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T13:05:08","slug":"reliz-openbsd-7-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-openbsd-7-7","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea OpenBSD 7.7","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost lansat\u0103 versiunea sistemului de operare UNIX-like OpenBSD 7.7. Proiectul OpenBSD a fost fondat de Theo de Raadt \u00een 1995, dup\u0103 un conflict cu dezvoltatorii NetBSD, care a dus la restric\u021bionarea accesului lui Theo la repository-ul CVS NetBSD. Dup\u0103 aceea, Theo de Raadt, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un grup de sus\u021bin\u0103tori, a creat un nou sistem de operare deschis bazat pe arborele de cod surs\u0103 NetBSD, av\u00e2nd ca principale obiective portabilitatea (sprijin\u0103 13 platforme hardware), standardizarea, func\u021bionarea corect\u0103, securitatea proactiv\u0103 \u0219i instrumentele criptografice integrate. Dimensiunea imaginii ISO complete de instalare a sistemului OpenBSD 7.7 este de 746 MB.       <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 sistemul de operare \u00een sine, proiectul OpenBSD este cunoscut pentru componentele sale, care au fost adoptate \u00een alte sisteme \u0219i s-au dovedit a fi unele dintre cele mai sigure \u0219i de calitate solu\u021bii. Printre acestea se num\u0103r\u0103: LibreSSL (fork OpenSSL), OpenSSH, filtrul de pachete PF, demonii de rutare OpenBGPD \u0219i OpenOSPFD, serverul NTP OpenNTPD, serverul de po\u0219t\u0103 OpenSMTPD, multiplexorul de terminale text tmux (similar cu GNU screen), demonul identd cu implementarea protocoalelor IDENT, alternativa BSDL la pachetul GNU groff \u2014 mandoc, protocolul pentru organizarea sistemelor cu redundan\u021b\u0103 (Common Address Redundancy Protocol - CARP), un server http u\u0219or, utilitarul de sincronizare a fi\u0219ierelor OpenRSYNC.    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea framework-ului drm (Direct Rendering Manager) este sincronizat\u0103 cu nucleul Linux 6.12.21 (\u00een versiunea anterioar\u0103 \u2014 6.6.52). \u00cen driverul inteldrm a fost implementat suportul pentru GPU utilizat \u00een procesoarele Intel bazate pe microarhitectura Arrow Lake. \u00cen driverul amdgpu a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru GPU Ryzen AI 300 (Strix Point, Strix Halo, Krackan Point) \u0219i Radeon RX 9070 (Navi 48).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen portul pentru arhitectura ARM64 a fost implementat suportul pentru setul de instruc\u021biuni vectoriale SVE (Scalable Vector Extension). Pe sistemele cu cipuri ARM Apple M1, s-a asigurat stabilirea st\u0103rilor de consum energetic. \u00cen mecanismul de mapare a paginilor fizice de memorie (pmap, physical mapping) au fost optimizate opera\u021biile de resetare a bufferului de traducere asociativ\u0103 (TLB), ceea ce a accelerat execu\u021bia testului de compilare a kernelului cu aproximativ 5%. Pe hardware-ul care suport\u0103 criptarea QARMA3 pentru protec\u021bia spa\u021biului utilizatorului, a fost activat\u0103 autentificarea pointerului (PAC, Pointer Authentication Code).\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele x86_64 pentru sistemele gazd\u0103, care ruleaz\u0103 cu ajutorul QEMU, a fost implementat suportul pentru mecanismul AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), utilizat \u00een sistemele de virtualizare pentru protec\u021bie <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2202\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a> \u00eempotriva interven\u021biei din partea hypervisor-ului sau a administratorului sistemului gazd\u0103. \u00cen driverul psp, folosit pentru configurarea \u0219i lansarea sistemelor gazd\u0103 cu suport AMD SEV, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o comand\u0103 pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca firmware-ul \u00een cip.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele x86_64 a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea de alocare pentru DMA a regiunilor de memorie cu dimensiuni mai mari de 4 GB.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit suportul pentru arhitecturile RISC-V, Sparc64, HPPA, i386 \u0219i Powerpc64.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 gestionarea situa\u021biilor de lips\u0103 de memorie \u00een sistem (OOM).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanism ptrace a fost extins cu func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi care permit setarea de puncte de oprire \u00een procesele multi-thread \u00een debugger-ul gdb. Au fost ad\u0103ugate comenzi pentru citirea \u0219i scrierea zonei \u00een care procesul monitorizat \u00ee\u0219i salveaz\u0103 starea procesorului folosind instruc\u021biunea XSAVE.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen scenariile scrise \u00een BT (BPFtrace sau Bug Tracing) folosite \u00een sistemul de urm\u0103rire btrace, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru construc\u021bii pe mai multe linii. Utilitarul btrace a fost extins cu profiluri suplimentare \u0219i denumiri pentru intervalele de timp (hz, us, ms, s).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat parametrul sysctl kern.audio.kbdcontrol, care, dac\u0103 este setat la 0, va face ca tastele multimedia de control al volumului de pe tastatur\u0103 s\u0103 fie tratate ca taste obi\u0219nuite.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103 gestionarea erorilor \u0219i extinse verific\u0103rile la trecerea \u00een modurile sleep \u0219i wait.\n<li class=\"l\"> Codul pentru oprirea proceselor la primirea unui semnal a fost ref\u0103cut, ceea ce a rezolvat problemele cu oprirea proceselor multi-thread, ap\u0103rute \u00een pachete precum golang \u0219i mpv.\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru sisteme multi-procesor (SMP) a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. Acum, timerele de intrare \u0219i ie\u0219ire TCP func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een paralel, iar apelurile sistemului send() \u0219i recv() au fost mutate pentru a utiliza un blocaj comun. Mai multe fire de utilizator pot acum func\u021biona \u00een paralel cu socket-uri diferite, iar ie\u0219irea TCP nu mai blocheaz\u0103 procesarea pachetelor IP.\n<p>Apelurile sistemului open, openat, ptsignal, psignal \u0219i prsignal, precum \u0219i sysctl kern.timeout_stats, kern.allowkmem, kern.video.record, net.inet.gre.allow, net.inet.gre.wccp, kern.global_ptrace, kern.wxabort, kern.malloc.kmemstat au fost eliminate din blocajul global. Driverii psp, wsmouse \u0219i wstpad, precum \u0219i structura video_filtops, au fost trecu\u021bi \u00een categoria mp-safe.      <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen hypervizorul VMM a fost implementat\u0103 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii acpipci pentru conectarea magistralelor PCI.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a defini o politic\u0103 alternativ\u0103 cu set\u0103ri de performan\u021b\u0103 (perfpolicy) utilizat\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sistemul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 de la baterie.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen comanda sysctl a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea \u00ab-f file\u00bb pentru a \u00eenc\u0103rca toate set\u0103rile dintr-un fi\u0219ier. \u00cen scripturile rc, noua op\u021biune a fost aplicat\u0103 pentru \u00eenc\u0103rcarea complet\u0103 a sysctl.conf, \u00een loc de analiza pe linie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Comanda pkg_add a implementat apelul ldconfig, dac\u0103 lista bibliotecilor partajate a fost modificat\u0103 \u00een urma instal\u0103rii unor pachete noi.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru noul hardware. Suportul pentru SoC MediaTek \u0219i Qualcomm Snapdragon (inclusiv X Elite) a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. Suportul pentru dispozitivele Samsung Galaxy Book4 Edge, ThinkPad T14 Gen 5, Vivobook, ThinkPad X1 Nano Gen 2, ThinkPad X13 \u0219i diverse Chromebook a fost de asemenea \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit. A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul ice pentru Intel E810 Ethernet 1Gb\/10Gb\/25Gb\/50Gb\/100Gb \u0219i driverul ixv pentru func\u021biile virtuale Intel Ethernet 82598EB, 82559 \u0219i X540. Continu\u0103m s\u0103 lucr\u0103m la externalizarea execut\u0103rii opera\u021biunilor de re\u021bea pe pl\u0103cile de re\u021bea.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen sysupgrade a fost implementat un mod pentru actualizarea offline a sistemelor folosind pachete salvate \u00een sistemul de fi\u0219iere local.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul fw_update a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a \u00eenc\u0103rca (nu instala) firmware-uri sub un utilizator obi\u0219nuit f\u0103r\u0103 drepturi root. A fost ad\u0103ugat un flag \u00ab-l\u00bb pentru a lista driverele \u0219i fi\u0219ierele.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru procesul sshd-auth a fost inclus\u0103 o protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva exploat\u0103rii vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor, bazat\u0103 pe recompunerea aleatorie a fi\u0219ierului executabil la fiecare pornire a sistemului (relink). Recompunerea face ca desloc\u0103rile func\u021biilor s\u0103 fie mai pu\u021bin predictibile, ceea ce \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 crearea de exploat\u0103ri care folosesc metode de programare orientate pe returnare.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost asigurat\u0103 izolarea procesului mountd folosind apelul de sistem unveil.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen stiva de re\u021bea a fost implementat suport pentru socket-uri AF_FRAME \u0219i familia de protocoale IFT_ETHER, permi\u021b\u00e2nd aplica\u021biilor s\u0103 trimit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 cadre Ethernet. Pentru pachetele de ie\u0219ire UDP \u0219i TCP a fost implementat\u0103 o nou\u0103 metod\u0103 de hash, care a optimizat distribu\u021bia traficului pe cozi \u0219i a accelerat semnificativ (~20%) trimiterea UDP pentru IPv4\/IPv6 \u0219i TCP pentru IPv6. Pentru dispozitivul tun a fost implementat ioctl TUNSCAP \u0219i a fost optimizat\u0103 interac\u021biunea \u00eentre nucleu \u0219i spa\u021biul utilizatorului. A fost implementat un cache de rutare separat pentru fiecare fir. \u00cen driverul vio a fost inclus un mod multiqueue.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul pfctl pentru interfe\u021bele de re\u021bea \u0219i cozi a fost permis\u0103 definirea l\u0103\u021bimii de band\u0103 care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 4 Gbit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen iked, implementarea protocolului IKEv2 pentru IPsec, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea \u00abnatt\u00bb pentru a for\u021ba utilizarea nat-t.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen relayd, procesul de fundal pentru redirec\u021bionarea \u0219i balansarea cererilor, a fost implementat suportul pentru clien\u021bi. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/ssl-sertifikat\/\"   title=\"certificatelor TLS\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"974\">certificatelor TLS<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Instrumentul de m\u0103surare a performan\u021bei re\u021belei tcpbench a primit suport pentru TLS.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen bgpd a fost implementat suportul pentru RFC 8654 (BGP Extended Message), RFC 8538 (BGP Notification Message), op\u021biunea \u00abreject as-set\u00bb fiind activat\u0103 implicit, asigur\u00e2ndu-se cache-ul Adj-RIB-Out.\n<li class=\"l\"> In LibreSSL 4.1.0, experimental support for the loongarch64 architecture has been added, new assembler implementations of the SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512 algorithms for the amd64 architecture have been proposed (using the SHA-NI instruction), new assembler implementations of SHA-256 and SHA-512 for Aarch64 (using the CE extension), the MD5 implementation for amd64 has been simplified, caching of the certificate revocation list (CRLs) has been ensured, and the ML-KEM 768 and 1024 implementations from BoringSSL have been transferred.\n<li class=\"l\"> OpenSSH a fost actualizat. Lista modific\u0103rilor poate fi consultat\u0103 \u00een anun\u021bul OpenSSH 10 (a fost eliminat suportul pentru semn\u0103turile digitale DSA, opera\u021biunile de autentificare au fost separate \u00eentr-un proces dedicat sshd-auth, algoritmul hibrit de schimb de chei \u00abmlkem768x25519-sha256\u00bb fiind implicat implicit).\n<li class=\"l\"> Num\u0103rul porturilor pentru arhitectura AMD64 a ajuns la 12593 (a fost 12312), pentru aarch64 \u2014 12446 (a fost 12148), pentru i386 \u2014 10429 (a fost 10534). Printre versiunile aplica\u021biilor \u00een por\u021bi:\n<ul>\n<li> Asterisk 16.30.1, 18.26.1, 20.13.0 and 22.3.0\n<li> Audacity 3.7.3\n<li> CMake 3.31.6\n<li> Chromium 135.0.7049.52\n<li> Emacs 30.1\n<li> FFmpeg 6.1.2\n<li> GCC 8.4.0 \u0219i 11.2.0\n<li> GNOME 47\n<li> Go 1.24.1\n<li> JDK 8u442, 11.0.26, 17.0.14 and 21.0.6\n<li> KDE Gears 24.12.3\n<li> KDE Frameworks 6.12.0\n<li> KDE Plasma 6.3.3\n<li> Krita 5.2.9\n<li> LLVM\/Clang 13.0.0, 16.0.6, 18.1.8, 19.1.7\n<li> LibreOffice 25.2.1.2\n<li> Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4, 5.3.6, 5.4.7\n<li> MariaDB 11.4.5\n<li> Mono 6.12.0.199\n<li> Mozilla Firefox 137.0 and ESR 128.9.0\n<li> Mozilla Thunderbird 128.9.0\n<li> Mutt 2.2.14 and NeoMutt 20250113\n<li> Node.js 22.14.0\n<li> OpenLDAP 2.6.9\n<li> PHP 8.2.28, 8.3.19 and 8.4.5\n<li> Postfix 3.10.1\n<li> PostgreSQL 17.4\n<li> Python 2.7.18 and 3.12.9\n<li> Qt 5.15.16 (+ patches from the KDE project) and 6.8.2\n<li> Ruby 3.2.8, 3.3.7, 3.4.2\n<li> Rust 1.86.0\n<li> SQLite 3.49.1\n<li> Shotcut 25.01.25\n<li> Sudo 1.9.16p1\n<li> Suricata 7.0.7\n<li> Tcl\/Tk 8.5.19 and 8.6.16\n<li> Vim 9.1.1265 and Neovim 0.10.4\n<li> Xfce 4.20.0   <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The components from third-party developers included in OpenBSD 7.7 have been updated:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> The Xenocara graphical stack based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 21.1.16 + patches, freetype 2.13.3, fontconfig 2.15.0, Mesa 23.3.6, xterm 395, xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.4.\n<li> LLVM\/Clang 16.0.6 (+ patch-uri)\n<li> GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)\n<li> Perl 5.40.1 (+ patches)\n<li> NSD 4.9.1\n<li> Unbound 1.22.0\n<li> Ncurses 6.4\n<li> Binutils 2.17 (+ patch-uri)\n<li> Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)\n<li> Awk 20250116\n<li> Expat 2.7.1\n<li> zlib 1.3.1 (+ patches)   <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63148\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.7. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 OpenBSD \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043c (Theo de Raadt) \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 NetBSD, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a CVS \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e NetBSD. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0422\u044d\u043e \u0434\u0435 \u0420\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 NetBSD \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0443\u044e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-123698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b OpenBSD 7.7.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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