{"id":125693,"date":"2025-05-30T15:06:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy"},"modified":"2025-05-30T15:06:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T13:06:05","slug":"uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/uyazvimosti-v-apport-i-systemd-coredump-pozvolyayushhie-izvlech-heshi-parolej-polzovatelej-sistemy","title":{"rendered":"Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een apport \u0219i systemd-coredump, care permit extragerea hash-urilor parolelor utilizatorilor sistemului","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Qualys a identificat dou\u0103 vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een instrumentele apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u0219i systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598), utilizate pentru procesarea fi\u0219ierelor core generate \u00een urma finaliz\u0103rii premature a proceselor. Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile permit accesul la fi\u0219ierele core salvate dup\u0103 finalizarea prematur\u0103 a aplica\u021biilor suid sau a unor procese de fond din sistem, \u00een memoria c\u0103rora pot fi stocate acreditive cache sau chei de criptare. Utilitarul apport este apelat automat pentru a salva dump-urile core \u00een Ubuntu, iar systemd-coredump \u00een Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9+, Fedora \u0219i multe alte distribu\u021bii Linux.      <\/p>\n<p>A fost demonstrat\u0103 o tehnic\u0103 de atac, \u00een cadrul c\u0103reia au fost create condi\u021bii pentru finalizarea prematur\u0103 a aplica\u021biei suid unix_chkpwd \u0219i ob\u021binerea accesului la fi\u0219ierul core cu dump-ul st\u0103rii \u00een timpul crizei. \u00cen dump-ul core salvat au fost prezente hash-urile parolelor utilizatorilor sistemului, care au r\u0103mas \u00een memoria procesului finalizat prematur dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea con\u021binutului \/etc\/shadow. Posibilitatea exploat\u0103rii vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor a fost demonstrat\u0103 \u00een Ubuntu 24.04 \u0219i Fedora 40\/41, dar se presupune c\u0103 \u0219i alte distribu\u021bii sunt expuse la atacuri similare.        <\/p>\n<p>Ambele vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi sunt cauzate de starea de competi\u021bie, care permite \u00eenlocuirea procesului suid finalizat prematur cu un alt proces \u00een momentul de dup\u0103 \u00eenceperea proces\u0103rii de c\u0103tre nucleu a finaliz\u0103rii premature, dar \u00eenainte de verificarea parametrilor procesului de c\u0103tre handler \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului prin \/proc\/pid\/files. Apelul pentru apport \u0219i systemd-coredump se face astfel: nucleul, primind informa\u021biile despre finalizarea premature a procesului, apeleaz\u0103 handler-ul specificat \u00een fi\u0219ierul \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/core_pattern, dup\u0103 care \u00eei transmite con\u021binutul dump-ului core prin fluxul de intrare.    <\/p>\n<p>Generarea dump-ului core \u0219i apelarea handler-ului nu se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 instantaneu, iar acest timp este suficient pentru a \u00eenlocui procesul suid finalizat cu un proces obi\u015fnuit de utilizator. \u00cen cazul \u00een care \u00eenlocuirea are loc, handler-ul de dump-uri core lansat va considera c\u0103 e\u0219ecul a avut loc nu \u00een procesul suid, ci \u00een aplica\u021bia obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a utilizatorului \u0219i, prin urmare, va salva fi\u0219ierul core cu posibilitate de acces pentru utilizatorul obi\u0219nuit, \u0219i nu doar pentru administrator.    <\/p>\n<p>Atacul asupra apport const\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torii pa\u0219i:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Un nou proces este derivat \u0219i func\u021bia execve() este apelat\u0103 pentru a lansa un program suid, cum ar fi unix_chkpwd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Se salt\u0103 timpul necesar pentru ca programul suid s\u0103 \u00eencarce datele confiden\u021biale \u00een memorie (\u00een cazul unix_chkpwd, se a\u0219teapt\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea hash-urilor parolelor tuturor utilizatorilor din sistem din fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/shadow).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cenainte de finalizarea comenzii, procesului i se trimite un semnal SIGSEGV sau SIGSYS pentru a se \u00eenchide \u00een mod for\u021bat.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ca r\u0103spuns la \u00eenchiderea for\u021bat\u0103, nucleul genereaz\u0103 un core dump \u0219i lanseaz\u0103 procesul apport pentru a gestiona core dump-ul \u00een utilizator.\n<li class=\"l\"> Dup\u0103 ce aport este lansat, dar \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe s\u0103 analizeze, procesului care a e\u0219uat i se trimite un semnal SIGKILL, iar procesul \u00een sine este \u00eenlocuit cu altul f\u0103r\u0103 banderola suid. Pentru a evita verific\u0103rile \u00een apport, noul proces este creat \u00een spa\u021bii de nume separate (user, pid \u0219i mount namespace).\n<li class=\"l\"> apport se conecteaz\u0103 la unix socket-ul \/run\/apport.socket \u00een spa\u021biul de nume al punctelor de montare creat pentru noul proces \u0219i trimite un descriptor de fi\u0219ier pentru accesul la core dump.    <\/ul>\n<p>Pentru a ob\u021bine pentru noul proces identificatorul necesar, care corespunde identificatorului procesului suid, \u00eenainte de a trimite semnalul SIGSEGV, procesul suid este oprit cu semnalul SIGSTOP \u0219i \u00een timpul opririi sunt lansate \u00een mod ciclic noi procese, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se ob\u021bine un PID cu un num\u0103r precedent, apropiat de procesul suid. Dup\u0103 ajustarea numerot\u0103rii PID, semnalele SIGSEGV \u0219i SIGCONT sunt trimise procesului suid, dup\u0103 care se trimite SIGKILL \u0219i se lanseaz\u0103 \u00een mod ciclic noi procese pentru a atinge acela\u0219i PID ca \u0219i cel al procesului suid.      <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te systemd-coredump, pe de o parte, atacul asupra acestuia este mai simplu, deoarece nu este necesar\u0103 \u00eenlocuirea procesului suid cu un proces \u00eentr-un spa\u021biu de utilizator separat, este suficient s\u0103 se ob\u021bin\u0103 o potrivire \u00eentre AT_UID \u0219i AT_EUID. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, systemd-coredump este scris \u00een limbajul C \u0219i porne\u0219te suficient de rapid, ceea ce ofer\u0103 mai pu\u021bin timp pentru substitu\u021bie, spre deosebire de apport, care este scris \u00een Python \u0219i, \u00een timpul ini\u021bializ\u0103rii, \u00eencarc\u0103 diferite fi\u0219iere pyc. Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 se rezolv\u0103 prin \u00eencetinirea artificial\u0103 a systemd-coredump \u2014 \u00een momentul apel\u0103rii fi\u0219ierului suid se transmit un num\u0103r foarte mare de argumente \u00een linia de comand\u0103, ceea ce creeaz\u0103 o \u00eent\u00e2rziere necesar\u0103 care apare \u00een timpul analizei \/proc\/pid\/cmdline.        <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen timpul analizei vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor, cercet\u0103torii au descoperit, de asemenea, c\u0103 systemd-coredump, atunci c\u00e2nd este configurat pentru apel, nu specific\u0103 \u00een \/proc\/sys\/kernel\/core_pattern steagul \u201e%d\u201d, ceea ce permite atacatorului s\u0103 provoace terminarea necontrolat\u0103 a proceselor de fond care ruleaz\u0103 cu privilegii root \u0219i care creeaz\u0103 alte procese schimb\u00e2nd identificatorul de utilizator cu un utilizator neprivilegiat sub care se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 atacul. Aceast\u0103 posibilitate permite atacuri nu doar asupra aplica\u021biilor setuid, ci \u0219i asupra proceselor precum sesiunea sshd (OpenSSH), sd-pam (systemd) \u0219i cron, pentru a ob\u021bine date confiden\u021biale care au r\u0103mas \u00een memoria lor, cum ar fi chei private, hash-uri de parole din \/etc\/shadow, etichete canar pentru stiv\u0103 \u0219i date pentru evitarea \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103rii aleatorii a spa\u021biului de adrese (ASLR).        <\/p>\n<p>Urm\u0103rirea public\u0103rii actualiz\u0103rilor de pachete \u00een distribu\u021bii poate fi efectuat\u0103 pe paginile: Debian, Ubuntu, RHEL, openSUSE, Fedora, Gentoo, Arch. Ca solu\u021bie temporar\u0103 pentru blocarea vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor, se recomand\u0103 dezactivarea salv\u0103rii core-dump-urilor pentru programele suid \u0219i a proceselor cu privilegii reduse, set\u00e2nd parametrul \/proc\/sys\/fs\/suid_dumpable la valoarea 0. Pentru a rezolva complet problema, sunt necesare modific\u0103ri \u00een nucleul Linux care implementeaz\u0103 posibilitatea de a transmite informa\u021bii despre un proces \u00eenchis nea\u0219teptat prin mecanismul pidfd (pidfd este legat de procesele specifice \u0219i, spre deosebire de pid, nu este reatribuit).<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63328\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u0438 systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 core-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a core-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f suid-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 apport \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f core-\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Qualys \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 apport (CVE-2025-5054) \u0438 systemd-coredump (CVE-2025-4598), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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