{"id":143815,"date":"2025-09-18T17:11:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T15:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-25"},"modified":"2025-09-18T17:11:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T15:11:56","slug":"vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-25","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-p2p-platformy-gnunet-0-25","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea platformei P2P GNUnet 0.25.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost lansat\u0103 versiunea 0.25 a framework-ului GNUnet, destinat construirii unor re\u021bele P2P descentralizate sigure. Re\u021belele create cu GNUnet nu au un punct unic de e\u0219ec \u0219i sunt capabile s\u0103 garanteze intimitatea informa\u021biilor utilizatorilor, inclusiv s\u0103 elimine posibilele abuzuri din partea administratorilor care au acces la nodurile re\u021belei.       <\/p>\n<p>GNUnet suport\u0103 crearea de re\u021bele P2P pe baza TCP, UDP, HTTP\/HTTPS, Bluetooth \u0219i WLAN, put\u00e2nd func\u021biona \u00een modul F2F (Friend-to-friend). Se sus\u021bine ocolirea NAT, inclusiv utiliz\u00e2nd UPnP \u0219i ICMP. Pentru adresarea stoc\u0103rii datelor este posibil\u0103 utilizarea unei tabele hash distribuite (DHT). Se ofer\u0103 instrumente pentru implementarea re\u021belelor mesh. Pentru furnizarea selectiv\u0103 \u0219i revocarea drepturilor de acces se utilizeaz\u0103 serviciul de schimb descentralizat de atribute de identificare reclaimID, care folose\u0219te GNS (GNU Name System) \u0219i criptarea bazat\u0103 pe atribute (Attribute-Based Encryption).    <\/p>\n<p>Sistemul se distinge prin consumul redus de resurse \u0219i utilizarea unei arhitecturi multiproces pentru a asigura izola\u021bia \u00eentre componente. Sunt disponibile instrumente pentru \u00eenregistrarea jurnalelor \u0219i acumularea statisticilor. Pentru dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor finale, GNUnet ofer\u0103 o API de baz\u0103 pentru limbajul C \u0219i o leg\u0103tur\u0103 pentru alte limbaje de programare. Pentru a simplifica dezvoltarea, se recomand\u0103 utilizarea buclelor de evenimente \u00een loc de fire de execu\u021bie. Include o bibliotec\u0103 de teste pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea automat\u0103 a re\u021belelor experimentale, ce acoper\u0103 zeci de mii de noduri.         <\/p>\n<p>Pe baza tehnologiilor GNUnet se dezvolt\u0103 mai multe aplica\u021bii gata f\u0103cute:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemul de nume de domenii GNS (GNU Name System) ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o alternativ\u0103 complet descentralizat\u0103 \u0219i neafectat\u0103 de cenzur\u0103 la DNS. GNS poate func\u021biona al\u0103turi de DNS \u0219i poate fi utilizat \u00een aplica\u021bii tradi\u021bionale, cum ar fi browserele web. Spre deosebire de DNS, GNS utilizeaz\u0103 un graf orientat \u00een locul unei ierarhii utilizate de servere. Transformarea numelui este similar\u0103 cu DNS, dar cererile \u0219i r\u0103spunsurile se efectueaz\u0103 p\u0103str\u00e2nd confiden\u021bialitatea \u2014 nodul care proceseaz\u0103 cererea nu \u0219tie cui \u00eei este trimis r\u0103spunsul, iar nodurile de tranzit \u0219i observatorii externi nu pot decripta cererile \u0219i r\u0103spunsurile. Integritatea \u0219i imutabilitatea \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor sunt asigurate prin utilizarea mecanismelor criptografice. Zona DNS \u00een GNS este definit\u0103 printr-un set de chei publice \u0219i private ECDSA bazate pe curbele eliptice Curve25519.                   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Un serviciu pentru schimbul anonim de fi\u0219iere, care nu permite analizarea informa\u021biilor prin transmiterea datelor doar \u00een form\u0103 criptat\u0103 \u0219i care nu permite urm\u0103rirea celor care au \u00eenc\u0103rcat, c\u0103utat sau desc\u0103rcat fi\u0219iere, datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii protocolului GAP.                 <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistem <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"281\">VPN<\/a> pentru crearea de servicii ascunse \u00een domeniul \u00ab.gnu\u00bb \u0219i pentru tunelarea IPv4 \u0219i IPv6 peste re\u021belele P2P. Suport\u0103 de asemenea scheme de translare IPv4 \u00een IPv6 \u0219i IPv6 \u00een IPv4, precum \u0219i crearea de tuneluri IPv4 peste IPv6 \u0219i IPv6 peste IPv4.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Serviciul GNUnet Conversation pentru a efectua apeluri vocale peste GNUnet. Identificarea utilizatorilor se face prin GNS, con\u021binutul traficului vocal fiind transmis criptat. \u00cen prezent, anonimatul nu este oferit \u2014 alte noduri pot urm\u0103ri conexiunea \u00eentre doi utilizatori \u0219i pot determina identitatea acestora. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"adrese IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"737\">adrese IP<\/a>.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Platforma pentru construirea re\u021belelor sociale descentralizate Secushare, care utilizeaz\u0103 protocolul PSYC \u0219i suport\u0103 difuzarea notific\u0103rilor \u00een mod multicast cu aplicarea cript\u0103rii end-to-end, pentru ca accesul la mesaje, fi\u0219iere, chat-uri \u0219i discu\u021bii s\u0103 fie permis doar utilizatorilor autoriza\u021bi (cei c\u0103rora mesajele nu le sunt adresate, inclusiv administratorii nodurilor, nu vor putea s\u0103 le citeasc\u0103);    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemul de plat\u0103 GNU Taler, care ofer\u0103 anonimat pentru cump\u0103r\u0103tori, dar urm\u0103re\u0219te tranzac\u021biile v\u00e2nz\u0103torilor pentru a asigura transparen\u021ba \u0219i furnizarea de raport\u0103ri fiscale. Este compatibil cu diverse monede existente \u0219i bani electronici, inclusiv dolari, euro \u0219i bitcoin.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Serviciul GNUnet Messenger pentru crearea aplica\u021biilor de chat securizate. Pentru asigurarea confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i protec\u021biei \u00eempotriva intercept\u0103rii mesajelor se aplic\u0103 protocolul CADET (Confidential Ad-hoc Decentralized End-to-End Transport), care permite organizarea unei interac\u021biuni complet descentralizate \u00eentre un grup de utilizatori folosind criptarea de la un cap\u0103t la altul a datelor transmise.     <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen noua versiune:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Subcomponenta CORE, care asigur\u0103 rutarea \u0219i schimbul de informa\u021bii \u00eentre noduri \u00een re\u021beaua descentralizat\u0103, a fost reproiectat\u0103. A fost propus\u0103 o nou\u0103 implementare a canalelor de comunicare securizate, \u00een care este folosit\u0103 o variant\u0103 a protocolului de negociere a conexiunilor criptate KEMTLS, care utilizeaz\u0103 algoritmii X25519, XChaCha20 \u0219i Poly1305, precum \u0219i multe concepte din protocolul DTLS 1.3.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat serviciul PILS (Peer Identity Lifecycle) pentru identificarea participan\u021bilor din re\u021bea, permi\u021b\u00e2nd crearea identificatorilor de peers \u00een func\u021bie de contextul actual de conectare. De exemplu, c\u00e2nd un participant acceseaz\u0103 din propria cas\u0103, va fi generat un identificator, iar atunci c\u00e2nd c\u0103l\u0103tore\u0219te \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate \u2014 un altul, ceea ce va \u00eempiedica urm\u0103rirea mi\u0219c\u0103rilor participantului.\n<li class=\"l\"> Performan\u021ba serviciului pentru transferul (AXFR\/IXFR) zonelor DNS \u00een GNS a fost semnificativ \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103. Au fost ad\u0103ugate noi utilitare pentru mirror-ing \u0219i importul zonelor DNS din fi\u0219iere.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen sistemul de construc\u021bie a fost oprit suportul pentru AutoTools.          <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63901\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 GNUnet 0.25, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 P2P-\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 GNUnet \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438. 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