{"id":150305,"date":"2025-12-02T11:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T09:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-freebsd-15-0"},"modified":"2025-12-02T11:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T09:12:01","slug":"reliz-freebsd-15-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-15-0","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea FreeBSD 15.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dup\u0103 doi ani de la publicarea ramurii 14.0, a fost format\u0103 lansarea FreeBSD 15.0. Pachetele de instalare sunt preg\u0103tite pentru arhitecturile amd64, aarch64, armv7, powerpc64, powerpc64le \u0219i riscv64. De asemenea, sunt disponibile pachete pentru sisteme de virtualizare (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0219i medii cloud Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0219i Vagrant.       <\/p>\n<p>\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu ramura FreeBSD 15, perioada de suport pentru ramurile semnificative, dup\u0103 formarea primei versiuni (15.0), a fost redus\u0103 de la 5 la 4 ani, iar noi ramuri semnificative vor fi formate o dat\u0103 la doi ani. Versiunile intermediare (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) vor fi dezvoltate \u00een cadrul unui ciclu de dezvoltare fix, care preconizeaz\u0103 publicarea de noi versiuni \u00eentr-o ramur\u0103 aproximativ la fiecare 6 luni, \u0219i nu o dat\u0103 pe an, ca p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere suportul simultan pentru dou\u0103 ramuri semnificative diferite, o nou\u0103 versiune intermediar\u0103 va fi publicat\u0103 o dat\u0103 la 3 luni (15.4, 16.1, 15.5, 16.2 etc.), cu excep\u021bia preg\u0103tirii primelor versiuni ale noilor ramuri semnificative, \u00eenainte de care va exista o pauz\u0103 de 6 luni \u00een lans\u0103ri (de exemplu, versiunea 15.3 va fi format\u0103 \u00een iunie 2027, 16.0 \u00een decembrie 2027, 15.4 - \u00een martie 2028, 16.1 - \u00een iunie 2028).    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103rile principale \u00een FreeBSD 15.0 (\u00een nota oficial\u0103 de lansare, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 modific\u0103rile specifice pentru versiunea 15.0, sunt men\u021bionate multe func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi ad\u0103ugate anterior \u00een ramurile 14.1, 14.2 \u0219i 14.3):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost oferit\u0103 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii managerului de pachete pkg pentru instalarea \u0219i actualizarea componentelor sistemului de baz\u0103. Pachetele pkgbase pot fi livrate pe suportul de instalare pentru instalare offline sau pot fi desc\u0103rcate din repository-ul pkg.freebsd.org. \u00cen configura\u021bia pkg (\/etc\/pkg\/FreeBSD.conf), repository-ul FreeBSD-base nu este inclus implicit. Instalatorul bsdinstall ofer\u0103 dou\u0103 op\u021biuni de instalare: tradi\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i utiliz\u00e2nd pachete (pkgbase). Se preconizeaz\u0103 eliminarea suportului pentru metoda tradi\u021bional\u0103, \u00een care sistemul de baz\u0103 este considerat un mediu monolitic, actualizat cu ajutorul utilitarului freebsd-update, \u00een ramura FreeBSD 16. Noua metod\u0103, care presupune instalarea sistemului de baz\u0103 ca un set de pachete din repository-ul FreeBSD-base, este propus\u0103 implicit \u00een pachetele pentru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2242\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a> \u0219i imaginile pentru medii cloud, dar deocamdat\u0103 este considerat\u0103 experimental\u0103 pentru sistemele obi\u0219nuite.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103tat suport pentru compilarea FreeBSD \u00een medii neprivilegiate, care nu necesit\u0103 drepturi de root. F\u0103r\u0103 drepturi de root, pot fi de asemenea create imagini iso pentru instalare \u0219i imagini de sistem pentru ma\u015fini virtuale. \u00cen timpul compil\u0103rii, drepturile de root erau necesare pentru a crea fi\u0219iere de dispozitive, a stabili permisiuni \u0219i a monta sisteme de fi\u0219iere suplimentare (de exemplu, la crearea imaginilor de disc).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat suportul pentru compil\u0103rile reproducibile, care permit verificarea faptului c\u0103 fi\u0219ierele binare distribuite sunt compilate din codul surs\u0103 furnizat \u0219i nu con\u021bin modific\u0103ri ascunse. Compil\u0103rile reproducibile asigur\u0103 identitatea fi\u0219ierelor binare generate din codul surs\u0103 \u00een medii de compilare diferite.\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a \u00eentrerupt generarea imaginilor de instalare \u0219i a compil\u0103rilor de pachete binare pentru arhitecturile pe 32 de bi\u021bi i386, armv6 \u0219i powerpc. Dintre platformele pe 32 de bi\u021bi, a fost p\u0103strat\u0103 doar armv7. Capacitatea de a compila programe pe 32 de bi\u021bi \u0219i de a utiliza modul COMPAT_FREEBSD32 pentru a rula fi\u0219iere executabile pe 32 de bi\u021bi \u00eentr-un mediu bazat pe un nucleu pe 64 de bi\u021bi va fi men\u021binut\u0103 cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al versiunii FreeBSD 16.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost ad\u0103ugate apeluri de sistem cu implementarea mecanismului inotify pentru monitorizarea modific\u0103rilor \u00een sistemele de fi\u0219iere.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru atributele de fi\u0219ier numite (atribute extinse \u00een stil Solaris), care sunt planificate s\u0103 fie sus\u021binute ca un mecanism alternativ de gestionare a atributelor extinse, disponibil pentru ZFS \u0219i NFSv4. Diferen\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de metodele tradi\u021bionale de lucru cu atributele extinse \u00een FreeBSD \u0219i Linux se reduc la prezentarea atributelor \u00eentr-un director de serviciu, care nu este vizibil \u00een spa\u021biul de nume FS principal \u0219i asociat cu fi\u0219ierul. Lucrul cu atributele se face ca \u0219i cu fi\u0219ierele obi\u0219nuite, de exemplu, pentru a determina lista atributelor se poate executa func\u021bia readdir().     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost declarat gata de utilizare modulul mac_do, care permite stabilirea de politici ce permit utilizatorilor neprivilegia\u021bi s\u0103 modifice datele de autentificare ale proceselor. Pentru a rula comenzi sub un alt utilizator, a fost preg\u0103tit\u0103 utilitarul mdo, similar cu utilitarul su, dar care nu necesit\u0103 suid root.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Starea driverelor DRM i915 \u0219i amdgpu este sincronizat\u0103 cu nucleul Linux 6.9. Driverii dispozitivelor wireless rtw88 (Realtek 802.11n\/ac), rtw89 (Realtek 802.11ax) \u0219i iwlwifi (Intel 02.11a\/b\/g\/n\/ac\/ax\/be) sunt sincroniza\u021bi cu nucleul Linux 6.17.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea protocolului TLS pe partea nucleului (KTLS) este activat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul sndctl a fost ad\u0103ugat pentru gestionarea set\u0103rilor pl\u0103cilor de sunet.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul mididump a fost ad\u0103ugat pentru a face dump de evenimente MIDI 1.0 \u00een timp real.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen hypervisorul bhyve a fost ad\u0103ugat un nou backend de re\u021bea \u201eslirp\u201d, care folose\u0219te biblioteca libslirp cu implementarea stivei de re\u021bea \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului. Backend-ul \u201eslirp\u201d permite organizarea accesului la re\u021beaua sistemului gazd\u0103 din mediu, f\u0103r\u0103 configurarea separat\u0103 a re\u021belei pe partea gazdei.                                        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementarea Kerberos \u00een compunerea principal\u0103 a FreeBSD a fost \u00eenlocuit\u0103 de Heimdal Kerberos cu MIT Kerberos. Pentru a reveni la Heimdal Kerberos la compilare, se poate utiliza op\u021biunea WITHOUT_MITKRB5. \u00cen FreeBSD 16, suportul pentru compilarea Heimdal Kerberos va fi eliminat.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Comportamentul apelurilor de sistem setgroups, getgroups \u0219i initgroups la gestionarea grupurilor de utilizatori este aliniat la alte platforme (diferen\u021ba implement\u0103rii \u00een FreeBSD era p\u0103strarea identificatorului eficient al grupului de procese \u00een primul element al matricei cu lista grupurilor).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen set\u0103rile managerului de pachete pkg a fost inclus \u00een mod implicit un nou repository FreeBSD-kmods, care con\u021bine pachete cu module de kernel, compilate pentru ramurile de lansare specificate 15.x-RELEASE, \u0219i nu pentru ramura continuu actualizat\u0103 15-STABLE. Repository-ul FreeBSD-kmods rezolv\u0103 problema instal\u0103rii driverelor care depind de interfe\u021bele instabile ale kernel-ului (de exemplu, drivere grafice). Repository-urile \u201eFreeBSD\u201d \u0219i \u201eFreeBSD-kmods\u201d prezente anterior \u00een \/etc\/pkg\/FreeBSD.conf au fost redenumite \u00een \u201eFreeBSD-ports\u201d \u0219i \u201eFreeBSD-ports-kmods\u201d.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen NFS a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru opera\u021bia CLONE, definit\u0103 \u00een specifica\u021bia NFSv4.2, care permite copierea rapid\u0103 a fi\u0219ierelor prin clonarea blocurilor pe server. Modificarea func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deocamdat\u0103 doar prin exportul sec\u021biunilor ZFS prin NFS.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele amd64 a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii a mai mult de 4TB de RAM.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat driverul ufshci pentru a suporta controlerele sistemelor de stocare cu interfa\u021ba UFSHCI (Universal Flash Storage Host Controller Interface).          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs este setat implicit la 0, adic\u0103 se pot ad\u0103uga interfe\u021be la pun\u021bile de re\u021bea f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"adreselor IP\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"885\">adreselor IP<\/a>.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Fiabilitatea func\u021bion\u0103rii sec\u021biunilor cu FS UFS, care con\u021bin mai mult de 2.000.000.000 inode, a fost crescut\u0103. Problema din anul 2038 a fost rezolvat\u0103 \u00een implementarea FS UFS1 (se pot folosi date p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 2106).        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea de socketuri de re\u021bea SO_SPLICE pentru combinarea conexiunilor TCP (similar cu un proxy, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 copierea datelor \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul grep are acum dezactivat\u0103 traversarea leg\u0103turilor simbolice \u00een c\u0103utarea recursiv\u0103.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat modulul de kernel nvmfta pentru suportul controllerelor NVMe over Fabric \u0219i utilitarul nvmecontrol pentru conectarea la un controller NVMe over Fabric extern.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul date a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suportul pentru afi\u0219area timpului cu precizie de nanosecunde, de exemplu, \u201edate -Ins\u201d va afi\u0219a \u201e2024-04-22T12:20:28,763742224+02:00\u201d.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen jail a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru op\u021biunea zfs.dataset, care permite ad\u0103ugarea unei parti\u021bii, snapshot sau clon\u0103 ZFS \u00eentr-un mediu jail izolat. Comanda jail include acum suport pentru parametrii \u201emeta\u201d \u0219i \u201eenv\u201d, prin care se pot lega metadatele sau se pot transmite variabile de mediu. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a aborda mediile jail folosind descriptorii de jail, pentru care sunt propuse func\u021biile jail_set \u0219i jail_get, precum \u0219i apelurile de sistem jail_attach_jd \u0219i jail_remove_jd. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 capacitatea de a utiliza filtrele kevent pentru a monitoriza opera\u021biunile de creare, \u0219tergere, modificare \u0219i ata\u0219are a Jail.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul newsyslog a fost implementat un parametru pentru a seta metoda de compresie utilizat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit (bzip2, xz, zstd, gzip), elimin\u00e2nd necesitatea de a specifica flagurile separate (J, X, Y, Z) \u00een fiecare r\u00e2nd din newsyslog.conf.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen biblioteca standard C, multe func\u021bii pentru manipularea \u0219irurilor de caractere \u0219i memorie au fost optimizate utiliz\u00e2nd instruc\u021biuni SIMD.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen fontul Gallant, utilizat \u00een terminalele virtuale, au fost ad\u0103ugate peste 4300 de glife noi, inclusiv glife cu simboluri chirilice \u0219i semne matematice.       <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen tty, flagul IUTF8 este activat \u00een mod implicit, permi\u021b\u00e2nd func\u021bionarea corect\u0103 a \u0219tergerii caracterelor UTF-8 la ap\u0103sarea Backspace.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul dialog, folosit \u00een configuratorul bsdconfig \u0219i \u00een installerul bsdinstall, a fost \u00eenlocuit cu bsddialog.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen utilitarul adduser, utilizat \u00een bsdinstall, a fost asigurat\u0103 crearea unei clopote ZFS separate (parti\u021bie, snapshot sau clon\u0103) pentru directorul personal al utilizatorului, dac\u0103 un dataset ZFS este deja folosit pentru directorul p\u0103rinte. De asemenea, a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de utilizare a cript\u0103rii directoarelor acas\u0103 prin intermediul ZFS. Pentru gestionarea activ\u0103rii acestor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi, \u00een adduser.conf au fost ad\u0103ugate parametrii \u201eZcreate\u201d \u0219i \u201eZencrypt\u201d.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sunt generate imagini de containere \u0219i imagini de sistem compatibile OCI pentru Oracle Cloud.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un nou tip de imagini \u201esmall\u201d pentru medii cloud compatibile cu AWS EC2. Spre deosebire de imaginile de baz\u0103, din acestea au fost excluse datele de depanare, testele, bibliotecile pe 32 de bi\u021bi, depanatorul LLDB, Amazon SSM Agent \u0219i AWS CLI. \u00cenc\u0103rcarea imaginilor \u201ebase\u201d pentru EC2 a fost accelerat\u0103 cu 76%.         <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Configura\u021bia net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait este dezactivat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit \u0219i declarat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103, adic\u0103 crearea \u00een mod implicit a \u00eenregistr\u0103rilor TIME_WAIT pentru conexiunile TCP \u00eenchise pe partea sistemului local a fost restabilit\u0103. A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 sysctl net.inet.tcp.msl_local pentru a configura timpul \u00een care o conexiune se afl\u0103 \u00een stare TIME_WAIT.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru crearea de conexiuni re\u021bea c\u0103tre localhost, \u00een care se specific\u0103 INADDR_ANY, este dezactivat \u00een mod implicit. Pentru a restabili suportul, se poate seta sysctl net.inet.ip.connect_inaddr_wild la valoarea 1.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Managerul de volume logice gvinum, folosit pentru RAID software, a fost eliminat. Dezvoltarea Gvinum s-a oprit acum aproximativ 15 ani, de\u0219i \u00een cod exist\u0103 mai multe probleme cunoscute care nu au fost rezolvate niciodat\u0103. \u00cen loc de gvinum, se recomand\u0103 utilizarea gconcat, gmirror, gstripe, graid sau zfs.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Driverul agp (Accelerated Graphics Port), necesar pentru func\u021bionarea multor drivere pentru pl\u0103ci video mai vechi, este programat pentru a fi eliminat \u00een FreeBSD 16. De asemenea, au fost declarate \u00eenvechite \u0219i sunt planificate pentru eliminare driverele: fdc (IBM PC Floppy Disk Controller), firewire (IEEE1394 Serial Bus), le (AMD Am7900 LANCE \u0219i Am79C9xx Ethernet) \u0219i upgt (USB 802.11g).    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021bia readdir_r a fost declarat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Suportul pentru transportul UDP a fost oprit \u00een serverul SNMP bsnmpd.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Generarea cheilor gazdelor RSA pentru SSH \u0219i EC2 AMI a fost oprit\u0103. Suportul pentru DSA a fost eliminat din OpenSSH. Baza de date publickey, legat\u0103 de algoritmul DES, a fost eliminat\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> ftpd \u0219i shar au fost eliminate din sistemul de baz\u0103, \u00een locul lor urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 se utilizeze porturile ftp\/freebsd-ftpd \u0219i sysutils\/freebsd-shar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Utilitarul fdisk a fost declarat \u00eenvechit, \u00een locul lui recomand\u00e2ndu-se utilizarea gpart.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen categoria de drivere \u00eenvechite a fost transformat driverul syscons, care este incompatibil cu UEFI, nu suport\u0103 UTF-8 \u0219i este legat de blocarea global\u0103.\n<li class=\"l\"> Versiunile LLVM 19.1.7, OpenSSH 10.0p2, OpenSSL 3.5.4, OpenZFS 2.4.0rc4, Lua 5.4.8, jemalloc 5.3.0, Awk 20250804 (cu suport pentru UTF-8), bc 7.1.0, unicode 16.0.0, ncurses 6.5, libarchive 3.8.2, tcpdump 4.99.5, unbound 1.24.1, less 679, file 5.46, GoogleTest 1.15.2 au fost actualizate.                  <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64358\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 14.0 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 15.0. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, aarch64, armv7, powerpc64, powerpc64le \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 FreeBSD 15, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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