{"id":150734,"date":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6"},"modified":"2025-12-05T23:12:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T21:12:01","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-1-1-6","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea filtrului de pachete nftables 1.1.6","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A fost publicat\u0103 versiunea 1.1.6 a filtrului de pachete nftables, care unific\u0103 interfe\u021bele de filtrare a pachetelor pentru IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0219i pun\u021bi de re\u021bea (viz\u00e2nd \u00eenlocuirea iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u0219i ebtables). Totodat\u0103, a fost publicat\u0103 versiunea 1.3.1 a bibliotecii \u00eenso\u021bitoare libnftnl, care ofer\u0103 un API de nivel joas\u0103 pentru interac\u021biunea cu subsistemul nf_tables.           <\/p>\n<p>Pachetul nftables include componente ale filtrului de pachete care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, \u00een timp ce, la nivel de nucleu, func\u021bionarea este asigurat\u0103 de subsistemul nf_tables, parte a nucleului Linux \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu versiunea 3.13. La nivel de nucleu se ofer\u0103 doar o interfa\u021b\u0103 general\u0103, independent\u0103 de protocolul specific, care asigur\u0103 func\u021bii de baz\u0103 pentru extragerea datelor din pachete, executarea opera\u021biunilor cu datele \u0219i gestionarea fluxului.    <\/p>\n<p>Regulile de filtrare \u0219i handler-ii specifici pentru protocoale sunt compilate \u00een bytecode \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, dup\u0103 care acest bytecode este \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een nucleu prin intermediul interfe\u021bei Netlink \u0219i executat \u00een nucleu \u00eentr-un mod special <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4362\">ma\u0219ina virtual\u0103<\/a>, similar cu BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Aceast\u0103 abordare permite reducerea semnificativ\u0103 a dimensiunii codului de filtrare care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la nivel de nucleu \u0219i mutarea tuturor func\u021biilor de analiz\u0103 a regulilor \u0219i logica de func\u021bionare cu protocoalele \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului.    <\/p>\n<p>Modific\u0103ri principale:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Este asigurat\u0103 o suport complet pentru \u0219abloanele de tuneluri u\u0219oare, cum ar fi vxlan, geneve \u0219i erspan:           table netdev global {                tunnel t1 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.2.10                        ip daddr 192.168.2.11                        sport 1025                        dport 20020                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                   tunnel t2 {                        id 10                        ip saddr 192.168.3.10                        ip daddr 192.168.3.11                        sport 1025                        dport 21021                        ttl 1                        erspan {                                version 1                                index 2                        }                }                     chain in {                        type filter hook ingress device veth0 priority 0;                              tunnel name ip saddr map { 10.141.10.12 : &#171;t1&#187;,   10.141.10.13 : &#171;t2&#187; } fwd to erspan1                }         }    \u00cenainte de a \u00eenc\u0103rca regulile, trebuie creat un interfa\u021b\u0103 de re\u021bea erspan1:     ip link add dev erspan1 type erspan external\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a ad\u0103ugat suport pentru m\u0103\u0219ti \u00een numele interfe\u021belor de re\u021bea \u00een manipulatoarele netdev, de exemplu, pentru a ad\u0103uga un lan\u021b de baz\u0103 \u00een filtrul traficului de intrare pentru toate dispozitivele vlan, se poate specifica:           table netdev t {                chain c {                        type filter hook ingress devices = { &#171;vlan*&#187;, &#171;veth0&#187; }   priority filter; policy accept;                }         }\n<li class=\"l\"> Pe sistemele cu kernel Linux 6.18+ a fost implementat suportul pentru transmiterea cadrelor L2 \u00een interfa\u021ba pun\u021bilor de re\u021bea pentru procesare local\u0103, de exemplu, pentru a direc\u021biona toate cadrele Ethernet pentru adresa MAC de:ad:00:00:be:ef, se poate specifica:        table bridge global {              chain pre {                      type filter hook prerouting priority 0; policy accept;                      ether daddr de:ad:00:00:be:ef meta pkttype set host ether   daddr set meta ibrhwaddr accept              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> S-a ad\u0103ugat o nou\u0103 infrastructur\u0103 pentru testarea fuzzing cu utilizarea instrumentului afl++ (american fuzzy lop++), activat\u0103 \u00een etapa de compilare prin &#171;. \/configure &#8212;with-fuzzer&#187;.            <\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=64386\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 1.1.6, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.3.1, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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