{"id":183964,"date":"2026-10-22T17:40:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:40:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/opublikovan-setevoj-stek-f-stack-2-0-rabotayushhij-v-polzovatelskom-prostranstve"},"modified":"2026-10-22T17:40:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:40:53","slug":"f-stack-2-0-user-space-network-stack-released","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/f-stack-2-0-user-space-network-stack-released","title":{"rendered":"A fost publicat stiva de re\u021bea F-Stack 2.0, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A avut loc lansarea proiectului F-Stack 2.0, care dezvolt\u0103 o edi\u021bie a stivului de re\u021bea FreeBSD, adaptat\u0103 pentru a func\u021biona \u00een mod izolat \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului sub form\u0103 de bibliotec\u0103. Proiectul a fost creat de cea mai mare companie de telecomunica\u021bii din China, Tencent, \u0219i este utilizat \u00een produsele \u0219i serviciile sale. Codul este scris \u00een limbajul C \u0219i este distribuit sub licen\u021ba BSD. Este suportat at\u00e2t \u00een Linux, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een FreeBSD. Proiectul sus\u021bine, de asemenea, edi\u021biile Nginx 1.28 \u0219i baza de date Redis 6.2.6 adaptate pentru utilizarea F-Stack, care demonstreaz\u0103 performan\u021be mai mari dec\u00e2t versiunile obi\u0219nuite care ruleaz\u0103 pe stiva de re\u021bea a sistemului de operare.<\/p>\n<p>F-Stack permite utilizarea unui stiv de re\u021bea local, independent de stiva de re\u021bea a sistemului de operare, func\u021bion\u00e2nd \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului \u0219i interac\u021bion\u00e2nd direct cu echipamentele de re\u021bea. F-Stack este pozi\u021bionat ca o solu\u021bie care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te performan\u021ba proceselor de gestionare a cererilor de re\u021bea \u00een condi\u021bii \u00een care stiva TCP\/IP standard a nucleului Linux devine un punct slab \u0219i limiteaz\u0103 scalabilitatea. Teoretic, F-Stack permite atingerea plafonului de performan\u021b\u0103 a re\u021belei posibil pentru placa de re\u021bea utilizat\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een anumite situa\u021bii, ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a cre\u0219te semnificativ num\u0103rul cererilor de re\u021bea minuscule procesate. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea performan\u021bei este realizat\u0103 prin excluderea opera\u021biunilor precum copierea pachetelor de re\u021bea, planificarea fluxurilor, gestionarea \u00eentreruperilor \u0219i apelurile c\u0103tre sistem. Pentru interac\u021biunea cu placa de re\u021bea, ocolind interfe\u021bele nucleului sistemului de operare, se utilizeaz\u0103 cadrul DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit), care dezvolt\u0103 un set de biblioteci pentru lucrul la nivel sc\u0103zut cu adaptoare de re\u021bea. DPDK permite reducerea costurilor \u0219i optimizarea num\u0103rului de cicluri CPU necesare pentru primirea sau trimiterea pachetelor de re\u021bea.  <\/p>\n<p>Func\u021bionalitatea stivei TCP\/IP corespunde stivei de re\u021bea FreeBSD 15 \u0219i a fost desprins\u0103 din acest sistem de operare \u00eentr-o bibliotec\u0103 independent\u0103. Pentru dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor, se poate folosi API-ul standard POSIX (socket, epoll, kqueue) sau propriul interfa\u021b\u0103 de programare bazat\u0103 pe micro-thread-uri, care simplific\u0103 crearea aplica\u021biilor de re\u021bea \u0219i permite evitarea unei logici complexe de procesare asincron\u0103 a cererilor. Este posibil\u0103 utilizarea cu aplica\u021bii nemodificate prin \u00eenc\u0103rcarea prin LD_PRELOAD.<\/p>\n<p>Cele mai notabile schimb\u0103ri din noua versiune:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentele stivei de re\u021bea au fost actualizate la starea FreeBSD 15 (anterior se folosea FreeBSD 13).\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost implementat modul de operare multi-thread (thread_mode=1) \u00eentr-un singur proces, complet\u00e2nd modul multi-proces deja disponibil.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat un mod de operare u\u0219or (primary_slim), \u00een care procesul principal execut\u0103 doar sarcini de baz\u0103 de ini\u021bializare \u0219i coordonare, iar primirea pachetelor \u0219i procesarea cozii de primire\/transmitere (rx\/tx) se realizeaz\u0103 doar de c\u0103tre procesele fiice.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 suport pentru mecanismul de accelerare hardware.<br \/>\nTSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) pentru a muta pe partea pl\u0103cii de re\u021bea opera\u021biunile de combinare a pachetelor, cu posibilitatea de a reveni la implementarea software. Suportul pentru TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload, mutare pe placa de re\u021bea a proces\u0103rii pachetelor segmentate) pentru IPv6 a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 posibilitatea de a schimba dimensiunea MTU (Maximum transmission unit) \u0219i implementat\u0103 suportul pentru jumbo-frame-uri.\n<li class=\"l\"> Capabilit\u0103\u021bile de gestionare a acceler\u0103rii hardware pentru calcularea sumelor de verificare a pachetelor trimise au fost extinse.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 func\u021bia ff_zc_recv() pentru a primi date f\u0103r\u0103 intermedierea unui buffer (zero-copy). Func\u021bia similar\u0103 ff_zc_send() pentru trimitere a fost ref\u0103cut\u0103. A fost optimizat\u0103 \u0219i completat\u0103 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"suport pentru IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">suport pentru IPv6<\/a> func\u021bia ff_rss_check().\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 op\u021biunea FF_KERNEL_COEXIST pentru a lucra \u00eempreun\u0103 cu stiva de re\u021bea a nucleului.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost oferit\u0103 posibilitatea de a salva informa\u021bii despre trafic \u00een dump-uri pcap cu precizie \u00een nanosecunde.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen config.ini au fost ad\u0103ugate noi parametri idle_loop_interval, extra_eal_args, drain_ring_size, reload_heartbeat_timeout_ms \u0219i reload_udp_idle_ms.\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00cen compilarea specializat\u0103 nginx a fost implementat suport pentru re\u00eenc\u0103rcarea configura\u021biei \u0219i actualizarea fi\u0219ierului binar f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentreruperea conexiunilor (graceful_reload=1).\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=66526\">opennet.ro<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 F-Stack 2.0, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 FreeBSD, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Tencent \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0421\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 BSD. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 FreeBSD. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 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