{"id":30268,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:35","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:35","slug":"kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Orice opera\u021bie cu date mari necesit\u0103 puteri de procesare mari. Transferul obi\u0219nuit de date dintr-o baz\u0103 de date \u00een Hadoop poate dura s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni sau poate costa c\u00e2t o arip\u0103 de avion. Nu dori\u021bi s\u0103 a\u0219tepta\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 cheltui\u021bi? Echilibra\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura pe diferite platforme. Una dintre metode este optimizarea pushdown.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>L-am rugat pe Alexei Ananiev, un trainer de top \u00een Rusia pentru dezvoltarea \u0219i administrarea produselor Informatica, s\u0103 ne povesteasc\u0103 despre func\u021bia de optimizare pushdown \u00een Informatica Big Data Management (BDM). A\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat vreodat\u0103 s\u0103 lucra\u021bi cu produsele Informatica? Cel mai probabil, Alexei v-a explicat elementele de baz\u0103 ale PowerCenter \u0219i cum s\u0103 construi\u021bi map\u0103ri. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexei Ananiev, directorul departamentului de formare DIS Group<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ce este pushdown?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Multe dintre voi sunte\u021bi deja familiariza\u021bi cu Informatica Big Data Management (BDM). Produsul poate integra date mari din diferite surse, le poate muta \u00eentre diferite sisteme, ofer\u0103 acces u\u0219or la acestea, permite profilarea lor \u0219i multe altele.<br \/>\n\u00cen m\u00e2ini iscusite, BDM poate face minuni: sarcinile vor fi finalizate rapid \u0219i cu resurse de calcul minime. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vre\u021bi \u0219i voi asta? \u00cenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 folosi\u021bi func\u021bia de pushdown \u00een BDM pentru a distribui sarcina de calcul \u00eentre diferite platforme. Tehnologia pushdown permite transformarea unei map\u0103ri \u00eentr-un script \u0219i alegerea mediu \u00een care acest script va fi lansat. Aceast\u0103 op\u021biune de alegere permite combinarea punctelor forte ale diferitelor platforme \u0219i atingerea maximelor performan\u021be ale acestora.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a configura mediul de execu\u021bie a scriptului, trebuie s\u0103 selecta\u021bi tipul de pushdown. Scriptul poate fi complet rulat pe Hadoop sau par\u021bial distribuit \u00eentre surs\u0103 \u0219i destinatar. Exist\u0103 4 tipuri posibile de pushdown. O mapare nu trebuie s\u0103 fie transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-un script (native). O mapare poate fi executat\u0103 maxim pe surs\u0103 (source) sau complet pe surs\u0103 (full). De asemenea, o mapare poate fi transformat\u0103 \u00eentr-un script Hadoop (none).<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><strong>Optimizarea pushdown<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cele 4 tipuri enumerate pot fi combinate \u00een moduri diferite \u2013 optimiz\u00e2nd pushdown pentru nevoile specifice ale sistemului. De exemplu, adesea este mai util s\u0103 extrage\u021bi date din baza de date, folosind capacit\u0103\u021bile sale proprii. Iar pentru a transforma datele \u2013 folosind puterea Hadoop, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu suprasolicita\u021bi baza de date.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare cazul \u00een care at\u00e2t sursa, c\u00e2t \u0219i receptorul se afl\u0103 \u00een BD, iar platforma de execu\u021bie a transform\u0103rilor poate fi aleas\u0103: \u00een func\u021bie de set\u0103ri, aceasta va fi Informatica, serverul BD sau Hadoop. Un astfel de exemplu va permite \u00een\u021belegerea c\u00e2t mai exact\u0103 a laturii tehnice a acestui mecanism. Evident, \u00een via\u021ba real\u0103, o astfel de situa\u021bie nu apare, dar pentru a demonstra func\u021bionalitatea, este cel mai potrivit. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 lu\u0103m un mapping pentru citirea a dou\u0103 tabele dintr-o baz\u0103 de date Oracle comun\u0103. Iar rezultatele citirii s\u0103 fie scrise \u00eentr-un tabel din aceea\u0219i baz\u0103. Schema de mapping va fi urm\u0103toarea:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/e5bdacf6d7b0c3dbffd56c4876515520.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Sub forma de mapping pe Informatica BDM 10.2.1, acesta arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/5e7e1d81f0eac539aaec1c21717341e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tip pushdown \u2013 nativ<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 alegem tipul pushdown nativ, mappingul va fi executat pe <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2457\">server<\/a> Informatica. Datele vor fi citite de pe serverul Oracle, transferate pe serverul Informatica, transformate acolo \u0219i trimise \u00een Hadoop. Cu alte cuvinte, vom ob\u021bine un proces ETL obi\u0219nuit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tip pushdown \u2013 surs\u0103 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd alegem tipul surs\u0103, ob\u021binem posibilitatea de a distribui procesul nostru \u00eentre <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serverul\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2959\">serverul<\/a> baze de date (BD) \u0219i Hadoop. La executarea procesului cu aceast\u0103 setare, se vor trimite interog\u0103ri pentru extragerea datelor din tabele. Iar restul va fi realizat sub form\u0103 de pa\u0219i pe Hadoop.<br \/>\nSchema de execu\u021bie va ar\u0103ta astfel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/8b3b071ea0580394b222da033effceee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mai jos \u2013 un exemplu de configurare a mediului de execu\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/da7434ae71f4b2265f61fd31e182897e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, mappingul va fi executat \u00een dou\u0103 etape. \u00cen set\u0103rile sale, vom observa c\u0103 s-a transformat \u00eentr-un script care va fi trimis la surs\u0103. De fapt, combinarea tabelelor \u0219i transformarea datelor va fi realizat\u0103 sub form\u0103 de interogare redefinit\u0103 pe surs\u0103.<br \/>\n\u00cen imaginea de mai jos, vedem un mapping optimizat pe BDM, iar pe surs\u0103 \u2013 o interogare redefinit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/c0e7534b06d2e09785ad8a6c5df15f6f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Rolul Hadoop \u00een aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie va consta \u00een gestionarea fluxului de date \u2013 dirijarea lor. Rezultatul interog\u0103rii va fi trimis \u00een Hadoop. Dup\u0103 finalizarea citirii, fi\u0219ierul din Hadoop va fi scris \u00een receptor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tip pushdown \u2013 total <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La alegerea tipului total, mappingul se va transforma complet \u00eentr-o interogare pe BD. Iar rezultatul interog\u0103rii va fi trimis \u00een Hadoop. Schema acestui proces este prezentat\u0103 mai jos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/bfbb3f593a7053a0157d481d9b3bce83.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Exemplul de configurare este prezentat mai jos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/31c70c7fb10996d5a506c6a4618f5f2f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ca rezultat, vom ob\u021bine un mapping optimizat similar cu precedentul. Diferen\u021ba const\u0103 doar \u00een faptul c\u0103 toat\u0103 logica este transferat\u0103 la receptor sub form\u0103 de redefinire a inser\u021biei sale. Exemplul de mapping optimizat este prezentat mai jos.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/edabf7ab6eba768849d096a4319e5126.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aici, ca \u0219i \u00een cazul anterior, Hadoop \u00eendepline\u0219te rolul de dirijor. Dar aici, citirea sursei se face complet, iar apoi, la nivelul receptorului, se execut\u0103 logica de procesare a datelor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tipul pushdown \u2013 null<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i ultima variant\u0103 \u2013 tipul pushdown, \u00een care maparea noastr\u0103 se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-un script pe Hadoop.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Maparea optimizat\u0103 va ar\u0103ta acum astfel:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 muta\u021bi, s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 integra\u021bi date foarte mari rapid \u0219i ieftin? Ce este optimizarea pushdown?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/deb8311403d4e95c2fef06d3b5c94e64.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aici, datele din fi\u0219ierele surs\u0103 vor fi mai \u00eent\u00e2i citite pe Hadoop. Apoi, cu ajutorul acestuia, cele dou\u0103 fi\u0219iere vor fi combinate. Dup\u0103 aceea, datele vor fi transformate \u0219i exportate \u00een baza de date.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd principiile optimiz\u0103rii pushdown, se pot organiza foarte eficient multe procese de lucru cu big data. De exemplu, recent, o mare companie a reu\u0219it s\u0103 exporte \u00een Hadoop date mari, pe care p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci le-a colectat timp de c\u00e2\u021biva ani, \u00een doar c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445240\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 Hadoop \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f? \u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u2013 pushdown-\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 Informatica \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u044f \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 Hadoop \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0451\u0442\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/kak-peremeshhat-vygruzhat-i-integrirovat-ochen-bolshie-dannye-dyoshevo-i-bystro-chto-takoe-pushdown-optimizatsiya\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0451\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e? 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