{"id":30443,"date":"2019-10-31T21:35:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-kak-yurij-mosha-suditsya-s-yandeksom\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:35:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:34","slug":"informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-kak-yurij-mosha-suditsya-s-yandeksom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/informatsionnaya-bezopasnost-kak-yurij-mosha-suditsya-s-yandeksom","title":{"rendered":"Securitatea informa\u021bional\u0103: cum \u00eel d\u0103 \u00een judecat\u0103 Yuri Mo\u0219a pe Yandex","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea activ\u0103 a internetului, comunitatea mondial\u0103 s-a confruntat cu problema securit\u0103\u021bii datelor. Internetul este, de fapt, un mediu nereglementat, care se supune destul de pu\u021bin legilor anumitor state, ceea ce deschide un num\u0103r enorm de oportunit\u0103\u021bi pentru infractorii cibernetici.<\/p>\n<p>De aceea, \u021b\u0103rile dezvoltate aloc\u0103 ast\u0103zi o mare aten\u021bie \u0219i milioane de dolari pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea sistemelor de securitate cibernetic\u0103 \u0219i pentru reac\u021bia imediat\u0103 la atacurile cibernetice. <\/p>\n<p>Dar nu toate companiile pot garanta un grad \u00eenalt de protec\u021bie a datelor \u2013 acest lucru cost\u0103 foarte mult. Ce s\u0103 mai vorbim despre utilizatorii obi\u0219nui\u021bi, care nu au deloc cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii cibernetice.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest articol vreau s\u0103 povestesc despre situa\u021bii din practica mea \u0219i din experien\u021ba mea personal\u0103, c\u00e2nd, chiar \u0219i cu un sprijin juridic destul de serios, nu a fost posibil s\u0103 ne protej\u0103m de infractori \u0219i de \u0219antajul lor. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Principalele probleme ale securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021bionale \u0219i cibernetice<\/h2>\n<p>\nAsigurarea securit\u0103\u021bii cibernetice este un proces, nu o solu\u021bie unic\u0103. At\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t speciali\u0219tii fac fa\u021b\u0103 problemelor cunoscute, cum ar fi viru\u0219ii, robo\u021bii de \u0219antaj \u0219i amenin\u021b\u0103rile de tip zero-day, infractorii dezvolt\u0103 noi instrumente mai sofisticate \u0219i mai eficiente.<\/p>\n<p>Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva dintre acestea:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Jailbreaking - instalarea de programe mali\u021bioase pe smartphone-uri cu software modificat.<\/li>\n<li>Ghostware - un virus care p\u0103trunde \u00een sistem cu scopul de a fura datele \u0219i care, dup\u0103 \u00eendeplinirea sarcinii, se autodistruge.<\/li>\n<li>Virusi \u2018cu dou\u0103 fe\u021be\u2019 - programe care mimeaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierele de sistem \u0219i dup\u0103 ce au trecut cu succes de verificarea antivirusului, \u00eencep procesul de furt de date.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0218i instrumente asem\u0103n\u0103toare sunt zeci, dac\u0103 nu sute. Chiar \u0219i \u00een cele mai 'ideale' protec\u021bii se descoper\u0103 deficien\u021be pe care un hacker abil le poate transforma \u00een scurgeri de date confiden\u021biale. Scurgerile de date au loc periodic, chiar \u0219i \u00een Pentagon, una dintre cele mai bine protejate structuri din lume \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea cibernetic\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Algoritmii motoarelor de c\u0103utare permit \u0219antajarea utilizatorilor?<\/h2>\n<p>\nDar pentru a observa problemele de securitate informa\u021bional\u0103, po\u021bi deschide pur \u0219i simplu un browser. Ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 este c\u0103 volumul informa\u021biilor indexabile pe internet se dubleaz\u0103 la fiecare 1,5 ani. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bernardmarr\/2015\/09\/30\/big-data-20-mind-boggling-facts-everyone-must-read\/#17b3468917b1\">Exper\u021bii sugereaz\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2020 volumul total de date de pe internet va cre\u0219te la 44 zettabai\u021bi (44 miliarde terabai\u021bi), iar motoarele de c\u0103utare proceseaz\u0103 deja zeci de mii de solicit\u0103ri pe secund\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>R\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103torii profit\u0103 eficient de aceast\u0103 suprasaturare a datelor, c\u00e2nd practic toate datele sunt procesate de motorul de c\u0103utare f\u0103r\u0103 interven\u021bia uman\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Cum arat\u0103, de obicei, acest lucru.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Un escroc creeaz\u0103 un site, ai c\u0103rui scop este s\u0103 \u00een\u0219ele utilizatorii de bani. Metodele pot fi foarte variate: investi\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 risc, munc\u0103 promi\u021b\u0103toare cu un 'depozit de asigurare', cump\u0103rarea de produse la pre\u021buri foarte mici. Sau pur \u0219i simplu un site de o pagin\u0103 care infecteaz\u0103 calculatoarele cu un virus.<\/li>\n<li>Escrocul c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 bani de la cet\u0103\u021beni naivi timp de 2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6 luni - exact at\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 pentru ca managerii motorului de c\u0103utare s\u0103 identifice problema \u0219i s\u0103 blocheze site-ul.<\/li>\n<li>Dar acest lucru nu ajut\u0103, deoarece \u00een aceea\u0219i zi escrocul poate crea un nou site cu con\u021binut similar, continu\u00e2ndu-\u0219i activitatea criminal\u0103. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Aceasta este doar una dintre variantele prin care escrocii pot profita de func\u021bionalitatea motoarelor de c\u0103utare, deoarece dac\u0103 pe site nu exist\u0103 materiale care s\u0103 \u00eencalce direct regulile (de exemplu, con\u021binut plagiat), atunci site-ul este indexat f\u0103r\u0103 probleme de motorul de c\u0103utare \u0219i apare \u00een rezultate.<\/p>\n<p>Autorit\u0103\u021bile se lupt\u0103 cu astfel de escroci cu succes variabil. Ac\u021biunea se concentreaz\u0103 pe ob\u021binerea unor sume mici de bani de la c\u00e2t mai mul\u021bi oameni. <\/p>\n<p>Un format complet diferit este escrocheria, care vizeaz\u0103 o persoan\u0103 anume. Aceasta devine din ce \u00een ce mai popular\u0103 ast\u0103zi, deoarece este semnificativ mai greu de stopat - \u0219i nu toate obiectele \u0219antajului \u0219tiu cum s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru. De obicei, \u021binta este un om de afaceri destul de cunoscut, pentru care este necesar un imagine impecabil\u0103. Acesta este adesea avoca\u021bi, medici priva\u021bi (cel mai adesea chirurgi estetici), speciali\u0219ti foarte bine pl\u0103ti\u021bi din domeniul digital (programatori, designeri, autori). <\/p>\n<p>Cum se face acest lucru?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Escrocul creeaz\u0103 zeci de articole identice cu recenzii negative, \u00een care \u00ee\u0219i prezint\u0103 victima ca pe un escroc, un specialist r\u0103u \u0219i nesigur. Materialele pot fi create chiar \u0219i cu ajutorul unui bot - calitatea lor nu conteaz\u0103 deloc. Ceea ce este cel mai important este ca motorul de c\u0103utare s\u0103 le indexeze.<\/li>\n<li>Apoi, aceste recenzii \u0219i materiale sunt publicate pe site-uri de calitate inferioar\u0103, unde este u\u0219or s\u0103 postezi recenzii \u0219i articole despre orice. <\/li>\n<li>Recenziile sunt indexate \u0219i apar \u00een rezultatele c\u0103ut\u0103rii dup\u0103 cuvinte cheie. Cuv\u00e2ntul cheie principal este \u201ePROFESIE NUME PRENUME\u201d. De exemplu, \u201edesigner Ivan Petrov\u201d sau \u201eavocat Petru Ivanov\u201d. Cei mai mul\u021bi oameni, \u00eenainte de a colabora cu un specialist anume, caut\u0103 informa\u021bii despre acesta \u00een motoarele de c\u0103utare. Rezultatul este previzibil \u2014 o mul\u021bime de recenzii negative precum \u201eIvan Petrov este un \u00een\u0219el\u0103tor\u201d. \u0218i, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, clien\u021bii poten\u021biali nu risc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 colaborarea. <\/li>\n<li>Apoi, dup\u0103 o lun\u0103 sau dou\u0103, c\u00e2nd persoana afectat\u0103 simte deja impactul publicit\u0103\u021bii negative, prime\u0219te un e-mail cu o cerere de plat\u0103 a unei sume de bani \u00een criptomonede sau printr-un alt serviciu financiar care garanteaz\u0103 anonimatul, iar atunci \u0219antaji\u0219tii vor elimina articolele (dar nu este sigur). \u00cen cazul refuzului de plat\u0103, escrocii promit s\u0103 creasc\u0103 exponen\u021bial num\u0103rul recenziilor negative.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00cen acest moment, multe victime ale \u0219antajului nu \u0219tiu exact ce s\u0103 fac\u0103. Exist\u0103 mai multe op\u021biuni:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u0103 se adreseze poli\u021biei. Dar dac\u0103 infractorul nu a l\u0103sat dovezi evidente (precum num\u0103rul cardului bancar), cazul se va transforma rapid \u00eentr-un impas. <\/li>\n<li>S\u0103 se adreseze proprietarilor site-urilor pe care sunt publicate recenziile. Aceasta ocup\u0103 extrem de mult timp \u2014 pentru c\u0103 pot exista zeci de portaluri. \u00cen plus, eficien\u021ba este aproape zero. Nu este deloc sigur c\u0103, chiar ascult\u00e2nd argumentele, proprietarii vor accepta s\u0103 elimine calomniile de pe site. Dar nu este nici m\u0103car sigur c\u0103 proprietarii vor r\u0103spunde la solicitarea ta.<\/li>\n<li>S\u0103 contacteze serviciul de suport al motorului de c\u0103utare. Speciali\u0219tii de la Google \u0219i Yandex lucreaz\u0103 lent \u2014 poate dura p\u00e2n\u0103 la c\u00e2teva luni pentru a elimina calomnia, dar, \u00een prezent, acesta este cel mai rapid mod disponibil de a lupta \u00eempotriva acestor escroci. Dar chiar \u0219i \u00een acest caz, nu este deloc sigur c\u0103 aceste recenzii vor fi eliminate. Voi explica mai jos de ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Din toate acestea, reiese c\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een cel mai bun caz, reputa\u021bia antreprenorului va suferi un prejudiciu semnificativ, care va afecta clar nivelul profitului ob\u021binut. Escrocii, men\u021bin\u00e2nd anonimatul, nu risc\u0103 nimic. Mai pu\u021bin, poate, c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pierd timpul gener\u00e2nd \u0219i public\u00e2nd materiale.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum m-au \u0219antajat \u00eentr-un astfel de mod<\/h2>\n<p>\nDe ce am atins acest subiect \u2014 chiar recent cineva a \u00eencercat s\u0103 m\u0103 \u0219antajeze \u00eentr-un mod similar. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prim\u0103vara anului 2018, am descoperit c\u0103 pe internet apare prea des insulte la adresa mea, a familiei mele \u0219i a muncii mele. De altfel, atacurile erau dintre cele mai banale \u2014 \u201e\u00een\u0219al\u0103 pe toat\u0103 lumea\u201d, \u201enu \u00ee\u0219i respect\u0103 obliga\u021biile\u201d, \u201eneprofesional\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Desigur, nu erau dovezi \u2014 doar un flux de emo\u021bii \u0219i insult\u0103 din partea \u201eclien\u021bilor \u00een\u0219ela\u021bi\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 a fost nepl\u0103cut pentru mine ca persoan\u0103, astfel de \u201erecenzii\u201d au afectat grav reputa\u021bia. A fost executat cu precizie: cineva caut\u0103 \u201eYuri Mo\u0219a\u201d \u00een motorul de c\u0103utare, iar \u00een prima pagin\u0103 i se arat\u0103 c\u00e2teva recenzii negative ascu\u021bite. Apoi continu\u0103, iar acolo g\u0103se\u0219te doar mizerie. \u00cen plus, persoana poate chiar s\u0103 nu acceseze linkurile, ci doar s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 titlurile. Acest lucru este suficient pentru a-\u0219i forma o \u201eimpresie necesar\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceput, am crezut c\u0103 este un atac orchestrat de concuren\u021bi, dar totul s-a dovedit a fi mai prozaic. \u00cen septembrie, am primit un e-mail cu cererea de a pl\u0103ti 20.000 de dolari \u2014 \u0219i atunci textele vor fi \u0219terse. \u00cen caz de refuz, ho\u021bii promiteau s\u0103 creeze \u0219i mai multe recenzii de acest tip.<\/p>\n<p>Desigur, nu am pl\u0103tit. M-am adresat serviciului de suport Google \u0219i Yandex cu solicitarea de a dezactiva indexarea acestor pagini. <\/p>\n<p>Rezultatele au fost foarte diferite.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 o lun\u0103 de comunicare cu suportul Google, speciali\u0219tii au confirmat c\u0103 acest con\u021binut este calomnie \u0219i \u00eencalc\u0103 regulile de indexare a paginilor web. Articolele false au fost eliminate din c\u0103utare. Pentru asta, mul\u021bumiri echipei Google.<\/p>\n<p>Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i dificult\u0103\u021bi. Nimic nu \u00eempiedic\u0103 criminalul s\u0103 creeze din nou articole \u00een viitor \u2014 acestea vor fi de asemenea indexate \u00een motorul de c\u0103utare \u0219i vor ap\u0103rea \u00een rezultatele c\u0103ut\u0103rii. A\u0219a cum spun speciali\u0219tii Google cu care am discutat: pentru a \u00eenchide indexarea pentru anumite cuvinte cheie (cum ar fi \u201eYuri Mo\u0219a escroc\u201d sau \u201eYuri Mo\u0219a \u00een\u0219el\u0103tor\u201d), este nevoie de o decizie judec\u0103toreasc\u0103 care s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 aceste expresii ca fiind neadev\u0103rate. <\/p>\n<p>Cu Yandex, situa\u021bia este mult mai complicat\u0103. Managerii au adoptat, \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput, pozi\u021bia \u201es\u0103-mi fie mie bine\u201d. Ace\u0219tia au afirmat c\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 responsabilitatea pentru con\u021binutul care este indexat de motorul de c\u0103utare \u0219i nu sunt obliga\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eel monitorizeze.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Este adev\u0103rat \u2013 motorul de c\u0103utare nu ar trebui s\u0103 supravegheze con\u021binutul. Dar exist\u0103 o mic\u0103 excep\u021bie \u2013 nu ar trebui, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t nu este vorba despre crimele care sunt def\u0103imarea \u0219i \u0219antajul.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Cu toate acestea, echipa de suport a clarificat c\u0103 nu inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 rezolve problema. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest context, am studiat legisla\u021bia \u0219i am dat \u00een judecat\u0103 Yandex, deoarece refuzul direct de a elimina con\u021binutul ilegal din rezultatele c\u0103ut\u0103rii face, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, compania complice la infrac\u021biune. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Rusia, cazul a fost pierdut. Totu\u0219i, legisla\u021bia rus\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te criminalitatea informatic\u0103 este foarte primitiv\u0103 \u0219i nu permite protejarea adecvat\u0103 a drepturilor utilizatorilor, chiar \u0219i \u00een ciuda existen\u021bei legii \u201eDespre informa\u021bie, tehnologiile informa\u021biei \u0219i protec\u021bia informa\u021biei\u201d: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Conform prevederilor articolului 10.3, operatorul motorului de c\u0103utare care distribuie \u00een re\u021beaua \u201eInternet\u201d reclame destinate atragerii aten\u021biei consumatorilor afla\u021bi pe teritoriul Federa\u021biei Ruse, la cererea unui cet\u0103\u021bean (persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103) este obligat s\u0103 \u00eenceteze furnizarea de informa\u021bii despre linkul paginii site-ului \u00een re\u021beaua \u201eInternet\u201d, care permit accesul la informa\u021bii despre solicitant, distribuite cu \u00eenc\u0103lcarea legisla\u021biei Federa\u021biei Ruse, care sunt false, precum \u0219i inactuale, \u0219i care \u0219i-au pierdut relevan\u021ba pentru solicitant din cauza evenimentelor sau ac\u021biunilor ulterioare ale solicitantului, cu excep\u021bia informa\u021biilor despre evenimente care con\u021bin semne ale unor infrac\u021biuni de care r\u0103spunderea penal\u0103 nu a expirat, \u0219i informa\u021biilor despre comiterea de c\u0103tre un cet\u0103\u021bean a unei infrac\u021biuni, pentru care condamnarea nu a fost anulat\u0103 sau \u0219tears\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Cazul din tribunalul moscovit a fost pierdut din cauza inexactit\u0103\u021bilor procesuale. Proba era \u00een ordine.<\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, am decis s\u0103 ac\u021bionez \u00een judecat\u0103 \u00een instan\u021ba american\u0103. Ac\u021biunea \u00eempotriva companiei \u201eYandex\u201d se afl\u0103 acum la Tribunalul Federal al Districtului Sudic din New York (cazul 1:18-CV-05444-ER).<\/p>\n<p>Am avut deja experien\u021be de succes \u00een litigii \u00een SUA, a\u0219a c\u0103 aceast\u0103 op\u021biune mi se pare mai promi\u021b\u0103toare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te restabilirea justi\u021biei.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen prezent, cazul se afl\u0103 \u00een a\u0219teptarea unei decizii judec\u0103tore\u0219ti. Discu\u021biile p\u0103r\u021bilor au avut loc \u0219i avoca\u021bii mei a\u0219teapt\u0103 un rezultat favorabil al procesului. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een litigii cu corpora\u021bii, rezultatul este imprevizibil p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultima clip\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cadrul legal \u00een spa\u021biul cibernetic evolueaz\u0103 \u00eencet, ceea ce permite infractorilor s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 metode de \u0219antaj \u0219i extorcare destul de primitive. Personal, toate aceste procese judiciare au durat mai bine de un an \u2014 \u00een acest timp, reputa\u021bia mea \u00een fa\u021ba poten\u021bialilor clien\u021bi a avut de suferit semnificativ.<\/p>\n<p>Chiar \u0219i dup\u0103 o decizie judec\u0103toreasc\u0103 favorabil\u0103, va dura mult p\u00e2n\u0103 la restabilirea acesteia. Dar sper c\u0103 decizia instan\u021bei va crea un precedent, care va face ca cazurile similare de fraud\u0103 \u0219i extorcare s\u0103 fie rezolvate mai u\u0219or \u0219i mai repede \u00een viitor.<br \/>\n<br \/>Surs\u0103: habr.com<\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 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