{"id":30465,"date":"2019-10-31T21:35:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/monoblochnye-protiv-modulnyh-ibp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:35:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:35:40","slug":"monoblochnye-protiv-modulnyh-ibp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/monoblochnye-protiv-modulnyh-ibp","title":{"rendered":"UPS monobloc versus modular","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Un scurt ghid pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori despre de ce UPS-urile modulare sunt superioare \u0219i cum s-a ajuns la asta.<\/em> <\/p>\n

\"UPS<\/p>\n

Sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile pentru centrele de date se \u00eempart \u00een dou\u0103 mari categorii, conform arhitecturii: monobloc \u0219i modular. Primul tip apar\u021bine categoriilor tradi\u021bionale de UPS, \u00een timp ce al doilea este relativ nou \u0219i mai avansat.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Care sunt diferen\u021bele dintre UPS-urile monobloc \u0219i modulare<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile monobloc, puterea de ie\u0219ire este asigurat\u0103 de un singur bloc de putere. \u00cen UPS-urile modulare, componentele principale sunt realizate sub form\u0103 de module separate, care sunt amplasate \u00een dulapuri unificate \u0219i lucreaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103. Fiecare dintre aceste module este echipat cu un procesor de control, un \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tor, un invertor, un redresor \u0219i reprezint\u0103 o parte complet\u0103 a sursei de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u0103 explic\u0103m cu un exemplu simplu. Dac\u0103 lu\u0103m dou\u0103 surse de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile - una monobloc \u0219i una modular\u0103 - fiecare cu o putere de 40 kVA, prima va avea un singur modul de putere de 40 kVA, iar cea de-a doua va consta, de exemplu, din patru module de putere de 10 kVA fiecare.<\/p>\n

\"UPS<\/p>\n

Posibilit\u0103\u021bi de scalabilitate<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd se folosesc UPS-uri monobloc, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cre\u0219te necesitatea de alimentare electric\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 conecta\u021bi \u00een paralel un alt bloc complet de aceea\u0219i putere. Acest proces este destul de complex. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Solu\u021biile modulare ofer\u0103 o flexibilitate constructiv\u0103 mai mare. \u00cen acest caz, la un bloc care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deja se pot conecta unul sau mai multe module. Aceasta este o procedur\u0103 relativ simpl\u0103, care poate fi realizat\u0103 \u00eentr-un timp scurt. <\/p>\n

\"UPS<\/p>\n

Posibilit\u0103\u021bi de cre\u0219tere gradual\u0103 a puterii<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Cre\u0219terea gradual\u0103 a puterii este important\u0103 \u00een etapa ini\u021bial\u0103 de func\u021bionare a unui centru de date. Este logic ca \u00een primele luni s\u0103 fie \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een propor\u021bie de 30\u201340%. Este mai practic \u0219i mai economic s\u0103 folosi\u021bi surse de alimentare ne\u00eentreruptibile concepute special pentru aceast\u0103 putere. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce baza de clien\u021bi se extinde, \u00eenc\u0103rcarea centrului de date va cre\u0219te, iar \u00eempreun\u0103 cu aceasta va cre\u0219te \u0219i necesitatea de alimentare electric\u0103 suplimentar\u0103. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Puterea UPS poate fi extins\u0103 treptat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu infrastructura tehnic\u0103. Utilizarea surselor de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 monobloc face imposibil\u0103 cre\u0219terea treptat\u0103 a puterii \u00een principiu. Cu UPS-uri modulare, aceasta se realizeaz\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fiabilitatea UPS<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Vorbind despre fiabilitate, ne vom folosi de dou\u0103 concepte: timpul mediu \u00eentre defect\u0103ri (MTBF) \u0219i timpul mediu de recuperare a sistemului (MTTR). <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

MTBF este o m\u0103rime probabilistic\u0103. Valoarea timpului mediu \u00eentre defect\u0103ri se bazeaz\u0103 pe urm\u0103toarea postulat: fiabilitatea sistemului scade odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea num\u0103rului de componente. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Din acest punct de vedere, avantajul este de partea UPS-urilor monobloc. Motivul este simplu: sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 modulare au mai multe elemente constructive \u0219i conectori separabili, fiecare dintre care este considerat un punct poten\u021bial de defectare. Prin urmare, teoretic, posibilitatea de defectare este mai mare aici. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, pentru sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 utilizate \u00een data centere, nu este important\u0103 doar defectarea \u00een sine, ci c\u00e2t timp UPS-ul va r\u0103m\u00e2ne nefunc\u021bional. Acest parametru este determinat de timpul mediu de recuperare a sistemului (MTTR). <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aici avantajul este deja de partea blocurilor modulare. Acestea au un MTTR sc\u0103zut, deoarece orice modul poate fi \u00eenlocuit rapid f\u0103r\u0103 a \u00eentrerupe alimentarea cu energie. Pentru aceasta, este necesar s\u0103 existe un astfel de modul pe stoc, iar demontarea \u0219i instalarea pot fi realizate de un singur specialist. De fapt, acest proces dureaz\u0103 nu mai mult de 30 de minute.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Situa\u021bia cu sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 monobloc este semnificativ mai complicat\u0103. Repararea acestora nu poate fi efectuat\u0103 at\u00e2t de rapid. Aceasta poate dura de la c\u00e2teva ore p\u00e2n\u0103 la c\u00e2teva zile.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru a determina rezilien\u021ba sistemului, se poate folosi un alt parametru - disponibilitatea sau, altfel spus, func\u021bionalitatea. Acest indicator este mai mare cu c\u00e2t timpul mediu \u00eentre defect\u0103ri (MTBF) este mai mare \u0219i timpul mediu de recuperare a sistemului (MTTR) este mai mic. Formula corespunz\u0103toare arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

disponibilitatea medie (func\u021bionalitate) =\"UPS<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul sistemelor UPS modulare, situa\u021bia este astfel: valoarea lor MTBF este mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea a celor monobloc, dar simultan au un indice MTTR semnificativ mai sc\u0103zut. Ca urmare, fiabilitatea surselor de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 modulare este mai mare. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Consumul de energie<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Sistemul monobloc necesit\u0103 costuri de energie semnificativ mai mari, deoarece este redundant. S\u0103 explic\u0103m acest lucru prin exemplul unui schema de rezerv\u0103 N+1. N este valoarea sarcinii necesare pentru func\u021bionarea echipamentului din centrul de date. \u00cen cazul nostru, s\u0103 lu\u0103m aceasta egal\u0103 cu 90 kVA. Schema N+1 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een sistem, \u00eenainte de o defec\u021biune, r\u0103m\u00e2ne neutilizat 1 element de rezerv\u0103. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Utiliz\u00e2nd o surs\u0103 de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 monobloc de 90 kVA pentru implementarea schemei N+1 va fi necesar s\u0103 folosi\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 un bloc de acela\u0219i tip. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, redundan\u021ba total\u0103 a sistemului va fi de 90 kVA.<\/p>\n

\"UPS<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul utiliz\u0103rii UPS-urilor modulare de 30 kVA, situa\u021bia este diferit\u0103. Cu aceea\u0219i sarcin\u0103, pentru a implementa schema N+1 va fi necesar s\u0103 folosi\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 un modul de acela\u0219i tip. Ca urmare, redundan\u021ba total\u0103 a sistemului va fi nu 90 kVA, ci doar 30 kVA.<\/p>\n

\"UPS<\/p>\n

Concluzia este: utilizarea surselor de alimentare modulare permite reducerea consumului de energie al centrului de date \u00een ansamblu. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Economia<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 lu\u0103m dou\u0103 surse de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 de aceea\u0219i putere, atunci un sistem monobloc cost\u0103 mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t unul modular. Din acest motiv, sistemele monobloc r\u0103m\u00e2n populare. Cu toate acestea, cre\u0219terea puterii de ie\u0219ire va dubla costul sistemului, deoarece va trebui s\u0103 ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u00eenc\u0103 un astfel de bloc la cel existent. \u00cen plus, va ap\u0103rea necesitatea instal\u0103rii panourilor de comuta\u021bie \u0219i a tablourilor electrice, precum \u0219i a traseelor pentru cablurile noi. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Prin utilizarea surselor de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 modulare, puterea sistemului poate fi crescut\u0103 treptat. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 investi\u021bia se va face \u00een achizi\u021bionarea unui num\u0103r de module suficiente pentru a satisface nevoile existente de alimentare electric\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 coeficien\u021bi de rezerv\u0103 inutili.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Concluzie<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Sursele de alimentare ne\u00eentrerupt\u0103 monobloc se remarc\u0103 prin pre\u021bul sc\u0103zut, sunt u\u0219or de configurat \u0219i utilizat. Totu\u0219i, acestea cresc consumul de energie al centrului de date \u0219i sunt greu de scalat. Aceste sisteme sunt convenabile \u0219i eficiente acolo unde sunt necesare puteri mici \u0219i nu se preconizeaz\u0103 expansiunea acestora.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

UPS modulare sunt caracterizate prin scalabilitate u\u0219oar\u0103, timp minim de recuperare, \u00eenalt\u0103 fiabilitate \u0219i func\u021bionare. Aceste sisteme sunt optime pentru cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii datacentrelor f\u0103r\u0103 costuri semnificative. <\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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