{"id":30567,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ot-algoritmov-do-raka-lektsii-so-shkoly-po-bioinformatike\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:14","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:14","slug":"ot-algoritmov-do-raka-lektsii-so-shkoly-po-bioinformatike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/ot-algoritmov-do-raka-lektsii-so-shkoly-po-bioinformatike","title":{"rendered":"De la algoritmi la cancer: prelegeri de la \u0219coala de bioinformatic\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"De\u00cen vara anului 2018, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Sankt Petersburg, a avut loc \u0219coala de var\u0103 anual\u0103 de bioinformatic\u0103, la care au participat 100 de studen\u021bi \u0219i doctoranzi pentru a studia bioinformatic\u0103 \u0219i a \u00een\u021belege utilizarea acesteia \u00een diverse domenii ale biologiei \u0219i medicinei. <\/p>\n

Focarul principal al acestei \u0219coli a fost cercetarea cancerului, dar au existat \u0219i prelegeri pe alte domenii ale bioinformaticii, de la evolu\u021bie p\u00e2n\u0103 la analiza datelor de secven\u021biere unicelular\u0103. Pe parcursul s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii, participan\u021bii au \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat s\u0103 lucreze cu datele de secven\u021biere de nou\u0103 genera\u021bie, au programat \u00een Python \u0219i R, au folosit unelte \u0219i cadre standard de bioinformatic\u0103, s-au familiarizat cu metodele biologiei sistemice, geneticii popula\u021biei \u0219i model\u0103rii medicamentelor \u00een studiul tumorilor \u0219i mult mai mult. <\/p>\n

Mai jos ve\u021bi g\u0103si videoclipurile a 18 prelegeri sus\u021binute \u00een cadrul \u0219colii, cu o scurt\u0103 descriere \u0219i slide-uri. Cele marcate cu asterisc \u00ab*\u00bb sunt destul de de baz\u0103, pot fi vizionate f\u0103r\u0103 preg\u0103tire prealabil\u0103.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"De
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\n 1*. Oncogenomica \u0219i oncologia personalizat\u0103 | Mihail Pi\u021bnitski, INI de chimie biomedical\u0103 <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Mihail a vorbit pe scurt despre genomics tumorilor \u0219i despre cum \u00een\u021belegerea evolu\u021biei celulelor canceroase poate rezolva probleme practice ale oncologiei. Lectorul a acordat o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 explic\u0103rii diferen\u021bei dintre oncogene \u0219i supresoarele oncogene, metodelor de identificare a \u201egenelor canceroase\u201d \u0219i izol\u0103rii subtipurilor moleculare ale tumorilor. \u00cen final, Mihail a discutat despre viitorul oncogenomiei \u0219i problemele care pot ap\u0103rea.<\/p>\n

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\n 2*. Diagnosticul genetic al sindroamelor tumorale ereditare | Andrei Afanasiev, yRisk<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Andrei a discutat despre sindroamele tumorale ereditare \u0219i a analizat biologia, epidemiologia \u0219i manifest\u0103rile clinice ale acestora. O parte a lec\u021biei a fost dedicat\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103rilor de testare genetic\u0103 - cine are nevoie s\u0103 o efectueze, ce se face \u00een acest scop, ce dificult\u0103\u021bi apar \u00een procesarea datelor \u0219i interpretarea rezultatelor \u0219i, \u00een final, ce beneficii aduce aceasta pacien\u021bilor \u0219i rudelor lor.<\/p>\n

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\n 3*. The Pan-Cancer Atlas | German Demidov, BIST\/UPF <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda decadelor de cercet\u0103ri \u00een domeniul genomicii \u0219i epigenomicii cancerului, r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea \u201ecum, unde \u0219i de ce apar sindroamele tumorale\u201d nu este \u00eenc\u0103 complet. Unul dintre motive este necesitatea standardiz\u0103rii ob\u021binerii \u0219i proces\u0103rii unei cantit\u0103\u021bi enorme de date pentru a detecta efecte de mic\u0103 magnitudine, care sunt greu de observat \u00eentr-un set de date limitat (ceea ce este tipic pentru studiile desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een una sau mai multe laboratoare), dar care, \u00een ansamblu, joac\u0103 un rol enorm \u00eentr-o afec\u021biune at\u00e2t de complex\u0103 \u0219i multifactorial\u0103 precum cancerul.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimii c\u00e2\u021biva ani, numeroase grupuri de cercetare de top din lume, con\u0219tientiz\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i uneasc\u0103 for\u021bele \u00een \u00eencercarea de a descoperi \u0219i descrie toate aceste efecte. Despre una dintre aceste ini\u021biative (The PanCancer Atlas) \u0219i rezultatele ob\u021binute \u00een cadrul muncii acestui consor\u021biu de laboratoare, publicate \u00eentr-un num\u0103r special al revistei Cell, a vorbit German \u00een aceast\u0103 prelegere.<\/p>\n

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\n 4. ChIP-Seq \u00een studiul mecanismelor epigenetice | Oleg \u0218pinov, JetBrains Research <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Reglarea expresiei genelor se realizeaz\u0103 prin diferite modalit\u0103\u021bi. \u00cen cadrul prelegerii sale, Oleg a discutat despre reglementarea epigenetic\u0103 prin modificarea histonilor, studiul acestor procese prin metoda ChIP-seq \u0219i modalit\u0103\u021bile de analiz\u0103 a rezultatelor ob\u021binute.<\/p>\n

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\n 5. Multiomica \u00een cercet\u0103rile cancerului | Constantin Oconechikov, Centrul German de Cercet\u0103ri \u00een Cancer<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Dezvoltarea tehnologiilor experimentale \u00een biologia molecular\u0103 a permis combinarea studiului unui spectru larg de procese func\u021bionale \u00een celule, organe sau chiar \u00een \u00eentregul organism. Pentru a stabili leg\u0103turi \u00eentre componentele proceselor biologice, este necesar s\u0103 se utilizeze multiomica, \u00een care se \u00eembin\u0103 date experimentale masive din genomic\u0103, transcriptomic\u0103, epigenomic\u0103 \u0219i proteomic\u0103. Constantin a oferit exemple vizibile ale aplic\u0103rii multiomicii \u00een cercetarea bolilor canceroase, cu un accent pe oncologia pediatric\u0103.<\/p>\n

6. Complexitatea \u0219i limit\u0103rile analizei celulelor individuale | Constantin Oconechikov<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

O prelegere mai detaliat\u0103 despre secven\u021bierea ARN-ului \u00een celulele individuale \u0219i metodele de analiz\u0103 a acestor date, precum \u0219i modalit\u0103\u021bile de a dep\u0103\u0219i problemele evidente \u0219i ascunse \u00een studierea lor.<\/p>\n

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\n7. Analiza datelor single-cell RNA-seq | Konstantin Zaicev, Universitatea Washington din St. Louis<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Prelegere introductiv\u0103 despre secven\u021bierea celulelor unice. Konstantin discut\u0103 metodele de secven\u021biere, dificult\u0103\u021bile \u00eent\u00e2mpinate \u00een etapele lucr\u0103rii de laborator \u0219i analizei bioinformatice, \u0219i modalit\u0103\u021bile de a le dep\u0103\u0219i.<\/p>\n

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\n8. Diagnosticul distrofiei musculare prin secven\u021biere nanopore | Pavel Avdeev, Universitatea George Washington<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Secven\u021bierea utiliz\u00e2nd tehnologia Oxford Nanopore are avantaje care pot fi folosite pentru a identifica cauzele genetice ale bolilor, cum ar fi distrofia muscular\u0103. \u00cen conferin\u021ba sa, Pavel a discutat despre dezvoltarea unui pipeline pentru diagnosticarea acestei afec\u021biuni.<\/p>\n

\"De
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\n 9*. Reprezentarea grafic\u0103 a genomului | Ilia Minkin, Universitatea din Pennsylvania<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Modelele grafice permit reprezentarea compact\u0103 a unui num\u0103r mare de secven\u021be similare \u0219i sunt adesea folosite \u00een genomic\u0103. Ilia a explicat detaliat cum se recupereaz\u0103 secven\u021bele genomice folosind grafuri, cum \u0219i de ce se utilizeaz\u0103 graful lui de Bruijn, c\u00e2t de mult spore\u0219te abordarea bazat\u0103 pe grafuri acurate\u021bea identific\u0103rii muta\u021biilor \u0219i care probleme nerezolvate cu utilizarea grafurilor mai r\u0103m\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\"De
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\n 10*. Proteomica captivant\u0103 | Pavel Sinitsin, Institutul Max Planck de Biochimie (2 p\u0103r\u021bi) <\/b><\/p>\n

Video 1<\/a><\/noindex>, Video 2<\/a><\/noindex> |Slide-uri 1<\/a><\/noindex>, Slide-uri 2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Proteinele sunt responsabile pentru majoritatea proceselor biochimice din organismul viu, iar proteomica este momentan singura metod\u0103 de analiz\u0103 global\u0103 a st\u0103rii a mii de proteine simultan. Domeniul aplicabilit\u0103\u021bii este impresionant \u2014 de la identificarea anticorpilor \u0219i antigenilor p\u00e2n\u0103 la determinarea localiz\u0103rii a mii de proteine. \u00cen lec\u021biile sale, Pavel a discutat despre aceste \u0219i alte aplica\u021bii ale proteomicii, despre dezvoltarea sa actual\u0103 \u0219i capcanele din analiza datelor.<\/p>\n

\"De
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\n 11*. Principiile de baz\u0103 ale simul\u0103rilor moleculare | Pavel Iakovlev, BIOCAD <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0| Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Prelegere teoretic\u0103 introductiv\u0103 despre dinamica molecular\u0103: de ce este aceasta necesar\u0103, ce face \u0219i cum este utilizat\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea medicamentelor. Pavel a acordat aten\u021bie metodelor de dinamic\u0103 molecular\u0103, explic\u0103rii for\u021belor moleculare, descrierii leg\u0103turilor, conceptelor de \u201ec\u00e2mp de for\u021be\u201d \u0219i \u201eintegrale\u201d, limit\u0103rilor \u00een modelare \u0219i multor altora. <\/p>\n

\"De
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\n 12*. Biologie molecular\u0103 \u0219i genetic\u0103 | Iurii Barbitov, Institutul de Bioinformatic\u0103 <\/b><\/p>\n

Video 1<\/a><\/noindex>, Video 2<\/a><\/noindex>, Video 3<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Introducere \u00een biologia molecular\u0103 \u0219i genetic\u0103 \u00een trei p\u0103r\u021bi pentru studen\u021bi \u0219i absolven\u021bi ai specializ\u0103rilor tehnice. \u00cen prima prelegere sunt discutate conceptele biologiei moderne, problemele structurii genomului \u0219i apari\u021bia muta\u021biilor. A doua detaliaz\u0103 func\u021bionarea genelor, procesele de transcrip\u021bie \u0219i traducere, iar a treia \u2014 reglementarea expresiei genelor \u0219i principalele metode de biologie molecular\u0103.<\/p>\n

13*. Principiile analizei datelor NGS | Iurii Barbitov, Institutul de Bioinformatic\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 prelegere se discut\u0103 metodele de secven\u021biere de a doua genera\u021bie (NGS), tipurile \u0219i caracteristicile acestora. Lectorul explic\u0103 detaliat cum sunt structurate datele 'la ie\u0219ire' din secven\u021biator, cum sunt transformate pentru analiz\u0103 \u0219i ce metode exist\u0103 pentru a lucra cu ele.<\/p>\n

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\n 14*. Utilizarea liniei de comand\u0103, practic\u0103 | Gennad\u00eei Zaharo, EPAM<\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Prezentare practic\u0103 a comenzilor utile \u00een linia de comand\u0103 Linux, op\u021biunilor \u0219i bazelor utiliz\u0103rii acestora. Exemplele se axeaz\u0103 pe analiza secven\u021belor de ADN secven\u021biate. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 opera\u021biile standard Linux (de exemplu, cat, grep, sed, awk), sunt discutate utilitarele pentru lucrul cu secven\u021be (samtools, bedtools).<\/p>\n

\"De
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\n 15*. Vizualizarea datelor pentru cei mici | Nikita Alekseev, Universitatea ITMO <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fiecare a avut ocazia s\u0103 ilustreze rezultatele proiectelor sale \u0219tiin\u021bifice sau s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 diagramele, graficele \u0219i imaginile altora. Nikita a vorbit despre cum s\u0103 interpretezi corect graficele \u0219i diagramele, eviden\u021biind esen\u021bialul; cum s\u0103 desenezi imagini clare. Lectorul a subliniat de asemenea la ce s\u0103 fii atent c\u00e2nd cite\u0219ti un articol sau te ui\u021bi la un clip publicitar.<\/p>\n

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\n 16*. Cariera \u00een bioinformatic\u0103 | Victoria Korjova, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry<\/b><\/p>\n

Video: 1<\/a><\/noindex>, 2<\/a><\/noindex> | Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Victoria a discutat despre structura \u0219tiin\u021bei academice \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate \u0219i despre ce trebuie s\u0103 ai \u00een vedere pentru a construi o carier\u0103 \u00een \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sau \u00een industrie \u00een calitate de student la licen\u021b\u0103, masterat sau doctorat.<\/p>\n

17*. Cum s\u0103 creezi un CV ca om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 | Victoria Korjova, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ce s\u0103 la\u0219i \u00een CV \u0219i ce s\u0103 elimini? Ce fapte vor fi interesante pentru un poten\u021bial angajator \u0219i ce ar fi mai bine s\u0103 nu men\u021bionezi? Cum ar trebui organizat\u0103 informa\u021bia pentru a atrage aten\u021bia asupra CV-ului t\u0103u? Prelegerea va r\u0103spunde la aceste \u0219i alte \u00eentreb\u0103ri.<\/p>\n

18*. Cum este organizat\u0103 pia\u021ba bioinformaticii | Andrei Afanasiev, yRisk <\/b><\/p>\n

Video<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0| Slide-uri<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Cum este organizat\u0103 pia\u021ba \u0219i unde poate lucra un bioinformatician? R\u0103spunsul la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare este detaliat, cu exemple \u0219i sfaturi, \u00een lec\u021bia lui Andrei.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sf\u00e2r\u0219it<\/h4>\n

\nDup\u0103 cum a\u021bi observat, lec\u021biile de la \u0219coal\u0103 sunt destul de variate ca teme \u2013 de la modelarea molecular\u0103 \u0219i utilizarea grafurilor pentru asamblarea genomului, p\u00e2n\u0103 la analiza celulelor singulare \u0219i construirea unei cariere \u0219tiin\u021bifice. La Institutul de Bioinformatic\u0103, ne str\u0103duim s\u0103 includem \u00een programul \u0219colii o varietate de teme pentru a acoperi c\u00e2t mai multe discipline bioinformatice, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t fiecare participant s\u0103 descopere ceva nou \u0219i util.<\/p>\n

Urm\u0103toarea \u0219coal\u0103 de bioinformatic\u0103 va avea loc \u00eentre 29 iulie \u0219i 3 august 2019, \u00een apropiere de Moscova. \u00censcrierea pentru \u0219coala 2019 este deja deschis\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 pe 1 mai<\/a><\/noindex>. Tema din acest an va fi bioinformatica \u00een cercet\u0103rile dezvolt\u0103rii (developmental biology) \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii (aging).<\/p>\n

Pentru cei care doresc s\u0103 studieze bioinformatica \u00een profunzime, continu\u0103m acceptarea aplica\u021biilor pentru programul nostru cu frecven\u021b\u0103 fizic\u0103 anual\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> din Sankt Petersburg. Sau urm\u0103ri\u021bi nout\u0103\u021bile noastre despre deschiderea programului la Moscova \u00een aceast\u0103 toamn\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pentru cei care nu sunt \u00een Petersburg sau Moscova, dar doresc foarte mult s\u0103 devin\u0103 bioinformaticieni \u2013 am preg\u0103tit o list\u0103 de c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i manuale<\/a><\/noindex> despre algoritmi, programare, genetic\u0103 \u0219i biologie.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, avem zeci de cursuri online deschise \u0219i gratuite pe Stepik<\/a><\/noindex>, pe care le pute\u021bi \u00eencepe s\u0103 le urma\u021bi chiar acum.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2018, \u0219coala de var\u0103 de bioinformatic\u0103 s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat cu sprijinul partenerilor no\u0219tri permanen\u021bi \u2013 companiile JetBrains, BIOCAD \u0219i EPAM, pentru care le mul\u021bumim foarte mult. <\/p>\n

Salut\u0103ri tuturor bioinformaticienilor!<\/b><\/p>\n

P.S. Dac\u0103 vi s-a p\u0103rut pu\u021bin, iat\u0103 un post cu lec\u021biile \u0219colii din anul precedent<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 de la c\u00e2teva \u0219coli din anii preceden\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

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Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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