{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Despre ce vom vorbi:<\/b><br \/>\nCum s\u0103 implementa\u021bi rapid un sistem de stocare comun pentru dou\u0103 servere bazate pe solu\u021bii drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Pentru cine va fi util:<\/b><br \/>\nAcest tutorial va fi util administratorilor de sistem \u0219i tuturor celor care aleg o modalitate de implementare a stoc\u0103rii sau doresc s\u0103 \u00eencerce solu\u021bia.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce solu\u021bii am abandonat \u0219i de ce<\/h3>\n<p>\nAdesea ne confrunt\u0103m cu situa\u021bia \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 implement\u0103m un sistem de stocare comun pe un cluster web mic, cu o bun\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 la citire \u0219i scriere. Am \u00eencercat diverse variante pentru a implementa un sistem de stocare comun pentru proiectele noastre, dar pu\u021bine au reu\u0219it s\u0103 ne satisfac\u0103 din mai multe puncte de vedere. Acum v\u0103 vom explica de ce.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs nu ne-a satisf\u0103cut \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te performan\u021ba la citire \u0219i scriere, am avut probleme cu citirea simultan\u0103 a unui num\u0103r mare de fi\u0219iere, iar \u00eenc\u0103rcarea CPU-ului era ridicat\u0103. Problema citirii fi\u0219ierelor ar fi putut fi rezolvat\u0103 prin accesarea direct\u0103 \u00een brick-uri, dar aceasta nu este \u00eentotdeauna aplicabil\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een general, nu este corect. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph nu ne-a pl\u0103cut din cauza complexit\u0103\u021bii excesive, care poate fi d\u0103un\u0103toare \u00een proiecte cu 2-4 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servers\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">servers<\/a>, \u00een special dac\u0103 proiectul este \u00eentre\u021binut ulterior. Din nou, exist\u0103 restric\u021bii serioase de performan\u021b\u0103, ceea ce oblig\u0103 la construirea de clustere de stocare separate, la fel ca \u0219i cu glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Utilizarea unui singur server NFS pentru implementarea unui sistem de stocare comun ridic\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri privind rezilien\u021ba. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 este o solu\u021bie excelent\u0103 \u0219i popular\u0103 pentru anumite tipuri de sarcini, dar nu este un sistem de fi\u0219iere, ceea ce restr\u00e2nge domeniul de aplicare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Dac\u0103 am \u00eenceput deja s\u0103 discut\u0103m despre \u201enestoase dosare\u201d, atunci ar trebui s\u0103 trecem \u0219i prin aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie popular\u0103. Nu doar c\u0103 nu este potrivit\u0103 pentru schimbul bidirec\u021bional (dar dac\u0103 chiar dori\u021bi, se poate), dar func\u021bioneaz\u0103 de asemenea instabil cu un num\u0103r mare de fi\u0219iere. Un detaliu pl\u0103cut este c\u0103 este unic\u0103 \u00een fir. Motivul este arhitectura programului: folose\u0219te inotify pentru a monitoriza obiectele de lucru, pe care le leag\u0103 la pornire \u0219i cu fiecare rescanare. Ca mijloc de transmitere se folose\u0219te rsync. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tutorial: cum s\u0103 implementa\u021bi un sistem de stocare comun bazat pe drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nUna dintre solu\u021biile cele mai convenabile pentru noi a fost combina\u021bia <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>. Acum v\u0103 vom explica cum se poate implementa rapid un sistem de stocare comun pentru dou\u0103 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">servere<\/a> pe baza solu\u021biilor. Dar mai \u00eent\u00e2i, c\u00e2teva cuvinte despre componente:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> \u2014 un sistem de stocare standard disponibil \u00een Linux, care permite replicarea datelor \u00eentre servere \u00een blocuri. Principala utilizare este construirea de stoc\u0103ri rezistente la defec\u021biuni.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> \u2014 un sistem de fi\u0219iere care permite utilizarea comun\u0103 a aceluia\u0219i stocare de c\u0103tre mai multe sisteme. Este inclus \u00een distribu\u021biile Linux \u0219i const\u0103 dintr-un modul de nucleu \u0219i un set de instrumente utilizator pentru a lucra cu FS. OCFS2 poate fi folosit nu doar deasupra DRBD, ci \u0219i deasupra iSCSI cu conectivitate multipl\u0103. \u00cen exemplul nostru, folosim DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>Toate ac\u021biunile sunt realizate pe Ubuntu server 18.04 \u00een configura\u021bie minim\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pasul 1. Configurarea DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\n\u00cen fi\u0219ierul \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res descriem dispozitivul nostru bloc virtual \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 folose\u0219te acelea\u0219i dispozitive bloc pentru stocarea metadatelor<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 folose\u0219te \/dev\/drbd0 ca cale c\u0103tre drbd.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 folose\u0219te \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 utilizeaz\u0103 l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 de 1 gigabit<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 o op\u021biune important\u0103 care permite modific\u0103rile pe dou\u0103 servere primare<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 op\u021biuni care determin\u0103 comportamentul nodului la detectarea unui split-brain. Detalii suplimentare pot fi g\u0103site \u00een documenta\u021bie.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 stabile\u0219te ambele noduri ca primare.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul nostru, avem dou\u0103 VM-uri complet identice, cu o re\u021bea virtual\u0103 dedicat\u0103 cu capacitate de 10 gigabi\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen exemplul nostru, numele re\u021belei celor dou\u0103 noduri ale clusterului sunt drbd1 \u0219i drbd2. Pentru o func\u021bionare corect\u0103, este necesar\u0103 maparea numelui \u0219i adreselor IP \u00een \/etc\/hosts.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Pasul 2. Configurarea nodurilor:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Pe ambele servere, execut\u0103m:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOb\u021binem urm\u0103torul rezultat:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPutem \u00eencepe sincronizarea. Pe primul nod, trebuie s\u0103 executa\u021bi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nVerific\u0103m statusul:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nMinunat, sincronizarea a \u00eenceput. A\u0219tept\u0103m finalizarea acesteia \u0219i vedem urm\u0103toarea situa\u021bie:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Pasul 3. \u00cencepem sincronizarea pe al doilea nod:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nOb\u021binem urm\u0103torul rezultat:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAcum putem scrie \u00een drbd de pe ambele servere.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pasul 4. Instalarea \u0219i configurarea ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Vom folosi o configura\u021bie destul de banal\u0103:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTrebuie s\u0103 \u00eel salv\u0103m \u00een <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> pe ambele noduri.<\/p>\n<p>Cre\u0103m FS pe drbd0 pe oricare nod:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAici am creat FS cu eticheta testVol pe drbd0, folosind parametrii implici\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Stocare cluster pentru mici web-clustere bazate pe drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen \/etc\/default\/o2cb trebuie setat (a\u0219a cum este \u00een fi\u0219ierul nostru de configura\u021bie)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u0219i s\u0103 execut\u0103m pe fiecare nod:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDup\u0103 aceea, activ\u0103m \u0219i ad\u0103ug\u0103m la pornire toate unit\u0103\u021bile necesare:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nO parte din aceasta va fi deja pornit\u0103 \u00een timpul configur\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pasul 5. Ad\u0103ug\u0103m puncte de montare \u00een fstab pe ambele noduri:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nDirectorul <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> de asemenea, ar trebui s\u0103 fie create dinainte.<\/p>\n<p>Aici folosim op\u021biunile noauto, care \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 FS nu va fi montat la pornire (prefer s\u0103 montez FS-uri de re\u021bea prin systemd) \u0219i heartbeat=local, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 utilizarea serviciului heartbeat pe fiecare nod. Exist\u0103 \u0219i heartbeat global, care este mai potrivit pentru clustere mari.<\/p>\n<p>Apoi, putem monta <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> \u0219i verifica sincronizarea con\u021binutului.<\/p>\n<p><b>Gata!<\/b> \u00cen rezultat, ob\u021binem un stocare relativ tolerant\u0103 la defecte, cu posibilitate de scalare \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103 decent\u0103.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 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