{"id":30674,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","slug":"50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/50-letnij-modem-vzglyad-iznutri","title":{"rendered":"Modem de 50 de ani: o privire de interior","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Modem
\n
\nCu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103, autorul a vizitat o pia\u021b\u0103 de vechituri organizat\u0103 de W6TRW pe parcarea companiei Northrop Grumman din Redondo Beach, California. \u00centre televizoarele, care sem\u0103nau cu ur\u0219i polari, \u0219i o mul\u021bime de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103toare pentru telefoane \u0219i unit\u0103\u021bi de alimentare, se z\u0103rea o cutie din lemn cu un lac\u0103t, un m\u00e2ner din lemn \u0219i un conector DB-25 pe lateral. L\u00e2ng\u0103 conector se afla un comutator: semi-duplex - duplex complet. Autorul a realizat ce este. Un modem. Un modem din lemn. Anume - un modem cu cuplare acustic\u0103, produs de compania Livermore Data Systems \u00een jurul anului 1965.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Modem
\n
\nModemul este \u00eenc\u0103 pe pia\u021ba de vechituri. Imediat dup\u0103 fotografiere, autorul l-a cump\u0103rat cu 20 de dolari.<\/i><\/p>\n

Deoarece nu to\u021bi \u0219tiu ce este un modem cu cuplare acustic\u0103 - o scurt\u0103 lec\u021bie de istorie. Problema era c\u0103, pe vremuri, nu doar liniile erau proprietate a companiilor de telefonie. Acestea trebuiau s\u0103 \u00eenchirieze \u0219i telefoanele. Cititorii care au prins dial-up conectau modemurile direct la liniile telefonice. Atunci, c\u00e2nd a fost fabricat acest modem, era interzis s\u0103 se fac\u0103 acest lucru. Conform legii americane din 1934, nu era permis s\u0103 se conecteze nimic la telefonul de acas\u0103 \u00een niciun fel. \u00cen 1956, dup\u0103 cazul Hush-A-Phone Corp v. Statele Unite, regula a fost \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103: mecanic<\/i> a devenit permis. Hush-A-Phone este iat\u0103 ce<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Formal, conectarea diverselor dispozitive la linia telefonic\u0103 electric\u0103 a fost permis\u0103 \u00een SUA \u00een 1968 (decizia Carterphone<\/a><\/noindex>). Dar p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1978, aceast\u0103 posibilitate nu putea fi utilizat\u0103, deoarece nu fuseser\u0103 stabilite tarifele, specifica\u021biile \u0219i metodele de certificare. Prin urmare, \u00eentre 1956 \u0219i 1978 a avut sens s\u0103 se utilizeze modemuri \u0219i r\u0103spunsuri automate cu cuplare acustic\u0103. \u00cen practic\u0103, ele au fost fabricate mai mult - din iner\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Acest modem, care se afl\u0103 acum pe biroul autorului, este o pagin\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103, dar neobi\u0219nuit\u0103 a istoriei. A fost fabricat \u00eenainte de decizia Carterphone \u0219i, prin urmare, nu se poate conecta direct la re\u021beaua telefonic\u0103. A fost proiectat \u00eenainte de dezvoltarea multor cipuri, considerate ast\u0103zi clasice. Prima variant\u0103 a acestui modem a fost lansat\u0103 la un an dup\u0103 Bell 103, primul modem comercial de succes. \u00cen fa\u021ba dvs. se afl\u0103 un exemplu minunat de c\u00e2t de multe posibilit\u0103\u021bi se pot \u201escoate\u201d doar din treisprezece tranzistori. Apoi, acest modem a fost uitat mult timp, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd au fost realizate dou\u0103 videoclipuri despre el, unul \u00een 2009 \u0219i altul \u00een 2011:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

\r\n \"Reda\u021bi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

Vloggerul phreakmonkey a ob\u021binut un exemplar timpurie al modemului cu un num\u0103r de serie pu\u021bin peste 200. Aceste modeme se disting prin carcasele din lemn de nuc, ale c\u0103ror componente sunt conectate prin \u201ecozi de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103\u201d. Conform lui phreakmonkey, prin acest semn se poate determina c\u00e2t de vechi este modemul, deoarece \u201ecozile de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103\u201d sunt costisitoare de realizat. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu num\u0103rul de serie 850, modeme au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie incluse \u00een carcase din lemn de tec cu conexiuni de tip cutie. Apoi, p\u0103r\u021bile carcasei au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie conectate prin \u00eembin\u0103ri cu z\u0103brele. Compania Livermore Data Systems trebuia s\u0103 produc\u0103 modeme din ce \u00een ce mai repede.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2007, bloggerul Brent Hilpert a aruncat o privire \u00een acest modem \u0219i a descris construc\u021bia sa<\/a><\/noindex>. Schema sa este deosebit de interesant\u0103. To\u021bi cei treisprezece tranzistori din modem sunt standard \u0219i erau pe atunci r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi\u021bi pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103. Un tranzistor PNP din germaniu este folosit acolo dintr-un motiv care \u00eei r\u0103m\u00e2ne necunoscut autorului. Toate aceste tipuri de tranzistori sunt \u00eenc\u0103 u\u0219or de g\u0103sit \u00een vechile stocuri. Aproximativ dou\u0103zeci de dolari \u2014 \u0219i \u00een m\u00e2inile dumneavoastr\u0103 ave\u021bi un set complet de tranzistori necesari pentru a replica exact acela\u0219i modem. Totu\u0219i, vor fi necesare \u0219i alte componente, inclusiv transformatoare miniaturale.<\/p>\n

\"Modem
\n
\nDispozitivul de cuplare acustic\u0103 din modem a fost scos de cineva, restul corespunde complet documenta\u021biei. Pe placa de interconectare sunt amplasate trei pl\u0103ci. Pe prima sunt toate componentele sursei de alimentare, cu excep\u021bia transformatorului, pe a doua \u2014 modulatoarele, iar pe a treia \u2014 demodulatoarele. Pe tranzistorii 2N5138 este marcat\u0103 data: s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na 37 din 1969. Nu s-a reu\u0219it stabilirea unei date mai precise pentru fabricarea modemului, dar probabil a fost fabricat \u0219i livrat \u00eenainte de 1970.<\/p>\n

\"Modem
\n
\n\"Modem
\n
\nConexiunea prin \u00eembinare cu z\u0103brele \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 modemul a fost fabricat mai recent.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"Modem
\n
\n\"Modem
\n
\n\"Modem
\n
\n\"Modem
\n
\n\"Modem
\n
\nAutorul a cump\u0103rat acest modem doar pentru a-l avea l\u00e2ng\u0103 el. Este un modem din lemn, dar pu\u021bini dintre cunoscu\u021bii autorului \u00ee\u0219i imagineaz\u0103 c\u00e2t de tare este. Este un obiect de art\u0103, \u00een care exist\u0103 at\u00e2t de multe lucruri neobi\u0219nuite. Autorul a dorit s\u0103-l repare, dar \u0219i-a dat seama c\u0103 este impractic.<\/p>\n

\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, va fi nevoie s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 dispozitivul original de cuplare acustic\u0103. Din cauza lipsei acestuia, vizitatorii t\u00e2rgului nu \u00een\u021belegeau ce fel de aparat se afl\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba lor. Emblema Livermore Data Systems \u0219i num\u0103rul de serie se aflau ini\u021bial pe acest dispozitiv, iar acum absen\u021ba lor \u00eengreuna recunoa\u0219terea produsului ca modem de c\u0103tre ceilal\u021bi vizitatori, care nu sunt angaja\u021bi ai muzeelor de calculatoare. Este tentant, desigur, s\u0103 imprimi detaliile dispozitivului de cuplare acustic\u0103, dar oare se va ajunge la asta?<\/p>\n

\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, \u00een el cu siguran\u021b\u0103 \u201eau fugit\u201d parametrii multor condensatoare. Desigur, este interesant s\u0103 iei \u0219i s\u0103 verifici toate pl\u0103cile, dar dac\u0103 autorului \u00eei va dori un modem func\u021bional cu cuplare acustic\u0103, exist\u0103 o op\u021biune mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n

Este vorba despre o construc\u021bie ingenioas\u0103 denumit\u0103 «toalet\u0103 pentru date<\/a><\/noindex>«, dezvoltat\u0103 de Chaos Computer Club \u00een 1985 ca r\u0103spuns la o restric\u021bie similar\u0103, care atunci era \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een vigoare \u00een F.R.G. Un astfel de modem este mai simplu de realizat \u0219i are mai multe capacit\u0103\u021bi. Este construit pe un microcip AM7910, care poate fi g\u0103sit uneori \u00een comer\u021b, \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la viteze de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1200 Bodi. Pe acesta, construirea unui modem de la zero este mai rapid\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe tranzistori discre\u021bi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, nu are sens s\u0103 restaurezi acest modem din lemn, dar a fost foarte interesant s\u0103-l dezasamblezi, s\u0103 faci o \u0219edin\u021b\u0103 foto \u0219i s\u0103-l asamblezi a\u0219a cum era. Aproape a\u0219a ar\u0103ta din interior \u00eentreaga electronica, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu avea cipuri. Dar dac\u0103 cumva autorului \u00eei va c\u0103dea \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 un dispozitiv de cuplare acustic\u0103 potrivit pentru acest modem, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 se va g\u00e2ndi \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103: poate c\u0103 ar trebui totu\u0219i s\u0103 se apuce de reparat?
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Modem de 50 de ani: o privire din interior | ProHoster","description":"Cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103, autorul a fost la un 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