{"id":30678,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:51","slug":"novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/novaya-statya-sobiraem-kompyuter-mechty-20-let-nazad","title":{"rendered":"Articol nou: Construim computerul visurilor\u2026 acum 20 de ani","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Deja dou\u0103 ani, la 3DNews exist\u0103 rubrica \u201eComputerul lunii\u201d, \u00een care analiz\u0103m configura\u021bia optim\u0103 a hardware-ului \u00een func\u021bie de cerin\u021bele cump\u0103r\u0103torului \u0219i grosimea portofelului s\u0103u. Dar, bine\u00een\u021beles, site-ul nostru exist\u0103 din 1997, iar atunci nu am inventat \u00eenc\u0103 \u201ecomputerele lunii\u201d. Ce s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla dac\u0103 ne-am transporta mental \u00eenapoi \u00een timp, \u00een trecutul \u00eendep\u0103rtat al industriei IT (s\u0103 spunem, cu dou\u0103zeci de ani \u00een urm\u0103) \u0219i s\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m ce combina\u021bii de dispozitive erau posibile pe atunci? Cu o singur\u0103 condi\u021bie \u2014 nu ne restric\u021bion\u0103m bugetul \u0219i vom construi un astfel de computer, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere doar imagina\u021bia noastr\u0103, at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t hardware-ul r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een limita acelei epoci. Apoi, vom verifica ce poate realiza sistemul de vis de atunci \u00een cele mai solicitante jocuri de la \u00eenceputul mileniului, c\u0103ci scopul nostru este un PC de gaming f\u0103r\u0103 compromisuri.<\/p>\n

Platform\u0103 mono-procesor bazat\u0103 pe Pentium III<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u00e2nd alegi un computer conform standardelor anilor 1999\u20132000, po\u021bi merge \u00een una dintre cele dou\u0103 direc\u021bii, aleg\u00e2nd o platform\u0103 Intel cu procesorul central Pentium III sau o alternativ\u0103 de la AMD cu CPU Athlon. \u00cen fa\u021ba arheologului industriei IT se afl\u0103 o alegere grea, c\u0103ci ambele arhitecturi erau la fel de capabile pe atunci pentru a construi un computer de gaming puternic. \u00cen plus, cipurile AMD cu nucleul Thunderbird aveau avantajul pl\u0103cilor de baz\u0103 cu suport pentru memoria DDR SDRAM. Cei mai bine informa\u021bi cititori ar putea observa c\u0103 \u0219i pentru Pentium III exist\u0103 pl\u0103ci cu sloturi DDR sau chiar RDRAM, dar asta \u0219i ast\u0103zi este o raritate, greu de g\u0103sit pe pia\u021b\u0103. Oricum, am f\u0103cut alegerea \u00een favoarea Pentium III \u2014 \u00een principal din motive sentimentale, c\u0103ci tocmai \u00een 2000 Intel a pariat pe noua arhitectur\u0103 NetBurst \u0219i cipurile Pentium 4. Iar lans\u0103rile t\u00e2rzii ale Pentium III au tras, astfel, un semn de \u00eentrebare asupra unei \u00eentregi epoci, \u00een timp ce Athlon pe arhitectura K7 a continuat s\u0103 se dezvolte.<\/p>\n

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Dup\u0103 ce am rezolvat problema platformei, trebuie s\u0103 ne hot\u0103r\u00e2m asupra unei modific\u0103ri specifice a procesorului central. Dac\u0103 nu inten\u021bion\u0103m s\u0103 ne abatem de la data aniversar\u0103 de 20 de ani \u00een urm\u0103 \u0219i respect\u0103m strictele limite temporale din 1999, alegerea se rezum\u0103 la unul dintre modelele pe baza nucleului Coppermine. Dar haide\u021bi s\u0103 l\u0103s\u0103m condi\u021biile deoparte. Ce ar fi dac\u0103 am \u00eempinge platforma Pentium III la limita capacit\u0103\u021bilor sale? Atunci alegerea CPU-ului este evident\u0103 \u2014 este vorba despre Pentium III-S cu nucleul Tualatin \u0219i o frecven\u021b\u0103 standard de 1,43 GHz! \u0218i placa de baz\u0103 \u00eei face cinste \u2014 Abit ST6 cu chipset Intel 815EP. Cei care au mai mult\u0103 experien\u021b\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i amintesc c\u0103 aceasta este una dintre cele mai bune pl\u0103ci pentru overclocking-ul Pentium III, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu am ratat ocazia de a duce CPU-ul la 1,68 GHz. Sloturile de memorie RAM au fost ocupate de trei module PC-133 cu un volum total de 384 MB \u2014 placa poate gestiona de dou\u0103 ori mai mult\u0103 memorie, dar pentru testele de jocuri nu este deloc necesar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Placa Abit ST6 nu are o plac\u0103 de re\u021bea integrat\u0103, deoarece atunci un computer f\u0103r\u0103 acces la internet era un fenomen complet obi\u0219nuit. Un adaptor 3Com 3C905B-TX de 100 Mbps, potrivit pentru anul de fabrica\u021bie, a rezolvat aceast\u0103 problem\u0103. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te subsistemul de disc, am f\u0103cut o mic\u0103 \u00een\u0219el\u0103torie \u0219i am conectat un SSD cu ajutorul controllerului PROMISE Technology SATA300 TX2Plus: viteza de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a sistemului de operare \u0219i a programelor de pe diskul IDE \u2014 acestea nu sunt acele impresii pe care vrei s\u0103 le experimentezi dup\u0103 decenii.<\/p>\n

Platform\u0103 dual-procesor pe Pentium III<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Placa de baz\u0103 Abit ST6 \u0219i procesorul overclockat Pentium III-S \u2014 despre un astfel de computer majoritatea dintre noi putea doar s\u0103 viseze acum 20 de ani. Dar, a\u0219a cum a ar\u0103tat timpul, trebuia s\u0103 vis\u0103m la un sistem cu dou\u0103 nuclee. Desigur, majoritatea programelor pentru PC-uri personale, f\u0103r\u0103 a mai vorbi de jocuri, \u00een acele timpuri nu puteau utiliza dou\u0103 procesoare centrale, dar \u00een hardware aceast\u0103 posibilitate exista, iar acum ne-am folosit de ea.<\/p>\n

\"Articol <\/p>\n

\u00cen planurile ini\u021biale pentru acest articol a fost inclus\u0103 o plac\u0103 de baz\u0103 dual-socket ASUS CUV4X-DL \u2014 oficial, aceasta nu este compatibil\u0103 cu cipurile Tualatin, dar poate accepta dou\u0103 Pentium III-S dup\u0103 modificarea conectorilor (sau cu ajutorul adaptoarelor). Din p\u0103cate, exemplarul nostru s-a dovedit a fi pe jum\u0103tate mort, dar o \u00eenlocuire echivalent\u0103 a ap\u0103rut sub forma Intel SAI2 cu chipset-ul ServerWorks ServerSet III LE. De asemenea, aceast\u0103 plac\u0103 a permis utilizarea a 2 GB de memorie RAM datorit\u0103 celor patru module registrate PC-133. S\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem, o astfel de configura\u021bie deja pare destul de modern\u0103, mai ales cu un SSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Aceast\u0103 platform\u0103 are o singur\u0103 deficien\u021b\u0103 critic\u0103 \u2013 lipsa unui slot AGP, ceea ce limiteaz\u0103 semnificativ alegerea pl\u0103cii video pentru Pentium III-S cu dou\u0103 procesoare comparativ cu Abit ST6. Din fericire, placa SAI2 dispune nu doar de sloturi PCI standard de 32 de bi\u021bi, ci \u0219i de dou\u0103 sloturi PCI-X de 64 de bi\u021bi, pentru care exist\u0103 pl\u0103ci video compatibile. Una dintre acestea a fost ocupat\u0103 de controlerul RAID Adaptec ASR-2230SLP\/256 pentru magistrala Ultra-320 SCSI, iar noi am creat un grup RAID-0 din trei hard disk-uri Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 cu o vitez\u0103 de rota\u021bie a axului de 15.000 rpm. Bine\u00een\u021beles, chiar \u0219i un grup format din trei HDD-uri de 15.000 rpm nu poate concura cu un SSD, dar totu\u0219i, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te viteza de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a sistemului de operare \u0219i instalarea programelor, RAID ofer\u0103 un avantaj uria\u0219 comparativ cu un singur hard disk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Pl\u0103ci grafice<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen selectarea pl\u0103cilor video pentru test, ne-am orientat de aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 pe un anumit nivel de tehnologie dec\u00e2t pe termene stricte. Procesorul Pentium III-S cu frecven\u021ba de 1,43 GHz a ap\u0103rut \u00een 2002: a mai r\u0103mas pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 la lansarea GeForce 3 \u0219i Radeon 8500. \u00cens\u0103 shader-ele programabile reprezint\u0103 deja o mare diviziune \u00een istoria GPU-urilor, la care am decis s\u0103 ne oprim. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, pl\u0103cile video din perioada \u00een care termenul Graphics Processing Unit (pe care NVIDIA l-a inventat special pentru GeForce 256) \u00eenc\u0103 nu era familiar, sunt greu de potrivit pentru o configurare de vis pe un Pentium III de v\u00e2rf. Cel mai bun companion pentru un astfel de sistem \u2013 at\u00e2t din punct de vedere cronologic, c\u00e2t \u0219i al semnifica\u021biei istorice \u2013 ar fi una dintre modelele timpurii cu T&L hardware: fie NVIDIA GeForce 256, fie ATi Radeon DDR.<\/p>\n

GeForce 256 nu are nevoie de prezentare \u2013 este primul model din familia GeForce, bazat pe procesorul NV10. Bugetul transistorilor, uria\u0219 pentru acea vreme (17 milioane la un proces tehnologic de 220 nm), a permis NVIDIA s\u0103 integreze \u00een GPU un bloc geometric, care execut\u0103 transformarea \u0219i iluminarea poligoanelor. Totu\u0219i, poten\u021bialul acestei func\u021bii a fost pe deplin realizat doar \u00een itera\u021biile ulterioare ale arhitecturii, c\u00e2nd performan\u021ba procesorului central nu mai putea oferi aceea\u0219i eficien\u021b\u0103 \u00een gestionarea unui GPU lipsit de T&L hardware.<\/p>\n

\"Articol <\/p>\n

Un alt eveniment important pentru acceleratoarele 3D a fost trecerea de la memoria RAM SDRAM, considerat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103, la memoria DDR SDRAM progresiv\u0103, care a permis GPU-urilor s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i dubleze l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a buffer-ului de cadru. NVIDIA a prezentat placa video bazat\u0103 pe NV10 cu cipuri DDR la scurt timp dup\u0103 lansarea original\u0103 a GeForce 256, dar \u00een loc de aceasta, am ales modelul urm\u0103tor \u2014 GeForce 2 GTS. Acesta se deosebe\u0219te de GeForce 256 nu doar prin tipul de memorie RAM, ci \u0219i prin num\u0103rul dublu de unit\u0103\u021bi de texturare. \u00cen plus, GeForce 2 GTS are primele semne de shader-uri de pixel, care, desigur, au fost complet ignorate de dezvoltatorii de jocuri de la acea vreme. Dar, \u00een general, GeForce 2 GTS este doar un continuator al ideilor stabilite \u00een GeForce 256.<\/p>\n

\"Articol <\/p>\n

Primul Radeon, la fel ca GeForce 256, a devenit ulterior fondatorul propriului s\u0103u grup de pl\u0103ci grafice. Acest dispozitiv a f\u0103cut din ATi unul dintre actorii de top pe pia\u021ba GPU-urilor discrete \u2014 cel pu\u021bin din punct de vedere tehnologic. \u00cen cipul R100 s-au reg\u0103sit toate cele mai bune caracteristici pe care NVIDIA le avea la acel moment: T&L hardware \u0219i suport pentru memoria DDR SDRAM. Datorit\u0103 particularit\u0103\u021bilor arhitecturale ale procesorului grafic, Radeon DDR nu a avut un filtru ridicat de frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00een compara\u021bie cu GeForce 2 GTS, care era principalul s\u0103u concurent. Dar R100 are un avantaj important \u2014 func\u021bia de t\u0103iere a suprafe\u021belor invizibile (Z-Culling) \u00een stadiile incipiente ale conveierului. Datorit\u0103 acesteia, Radeon DDR utilizeaz\u0103 eficient marele poten\u021bial al cipurilor DDR \u0219i este capabil s\u0103 concureze pe picior de egalitate cu rivalul s\u0103u \u00een timpul rand\u0103rii \u00een 32 de bi\u021bi de culoare.<\/p>\n

\"Articol <\/p>\n

La vremea apari\u021biei GeForce 256 \u0219i Radeon DDR, NVIDIA \u0219i ATi (mai t\u00e2rziu AMD) nu reu\u0219iser\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eempart\u0103 pia\u021ba pl\u0103cilor video discrete. Compania 3dfx \u00ee\u0219i tr\u0103ia ultimele zile, iar ultimul s\u0103u produs a fost acceleratorul Voodoo5 5500. La baza celei mai bune pl\u0103ci video pe care 3dfx a reu\u0219it s\u0103 o lanseze pe pia\u021b\u0103 se afl\u0103 dou\u0103 cipuri VSA-100 interconectate printr-un interfa\u021b\u0103 SLI; dezvoltatorii acestei arhitecturi au planificat ini\u021bial s\u0103 creasc\u0103 performan\u021bele prin integrarea mai multor GPU discrete pe aceea\u0219i plac\u0103 (p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru cipuri \u00een Voodoo5 6000). Procesorul singular VSA-100 nu difer\u0103 prea mult de cipul Avenger din genera\u021bia anterioar\u0103 (seria Voodoo3). Principalul lucru pe care 3dfx l-a realizat a fost suportul pentru randarea \u00een 32 de bi\u021bi, de care toate dispozitivele anterioare ale companiei erau private. Dar atunci c\u00e2nd dou\u0103 VSA-100 cu memorie RAM SDRAM lucreaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103, placa video beneficiaz\u0103 de un bus similar cu cel al memoriei DDR. \u00cen plus, VSA-100 are o caracteristic\u0103 care a fost mult \u00eenaintea timpului s\u0103u: un buffer hardware care acumuleaz\u0103 rezultatele rand\u0103rii mai multor cadre (T-Buffer). Datorit\u0103 T-Buffer, acceleratorul poate realiza efecte precum anti-aliasing de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate pe tot ecranul, blur \u00een mi\u0219care sau chiar simularea film\u0103rii cu diafragm\u0103 deschis\u0103 prin blurarea fundalului. Iar dup\u0103 mul\u021bi ani, \u00een driverele neoficiale pentru Voodoo5 a ap\u0103rut func\u021bia de anti-aliasing temporal\u0103, care lucreaz\u0103 cu datele mai multor cadre consecutive.<\/p>\n

\"Articol <\/p>\n

Toate pl\u0103cile video enumerate au fost produse \u00een configura\u021bii cu interfa\u021b\u0103 AGP sau PCI. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 oricare dintre ele poate g\u0103si un loc \u00eentr-un sistem dual-CPU pe placa de baz\u0103 Intel SAI2. Din p\u0103cate, exemplarele de test GeForce 256, GeForce 2 GTS, Radeon DDR \u0219i Voodoo5 5500 pe care le avem la dispozi\u021bie func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe busul AGP, a\u0219a c\u0103 pentru SAI2 va trebui s\u0103 c\u0103ut\u0103m alte op\u021biuni - de exemplu, clasica combina\u021bie de dou\u0103 Voodoo2, unite printr-un pod SLI. A\u0219adar, de ce s\u0103 nu ad\u0103ug\u0103m \u00een lista de teste placa Voodoo3 3000 - m\u0103car pentru o compara\u021bie cu Voodoo5 5500, care este apropiat\u0103 de cipul Avenger ca arhitectur\u0103 GPU. \u0218i p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, Voodoo este \u00eentotdeauna interesant, deoarece GeForce \u0219i Radeon sunt \u00een continuare cu noi, iar dispozitivele 3dfx au disp\u0103rut pentru totdeauna \u00een istorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Dup\u0103 ce am evaluat toate aspectele, am ad\u0103ugat pe lista participan\u021bilor la testare o nou\u0103 plac\u0103 - acceleratorul Matrox Parhelia cu interfa\u021b\u0103 PCI. Pe de o parte, ne-am \u00een\u021beles s\u0103 nu atingem pl\u0103cile video cu shader-e programabile, iar Parhelia este un dispozitiv din aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 \u0219i cu acelea\u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bi ca GeForce 3, GeForce 4 \u0219i Radeon 8500. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, Parhelia-512 din 2002 este unul dintre ultimele GPU-uri de \u00eenalt\u0103 performan\u021b\u0103 care au fost produse \u00een mas\u0103 pe pl\u0103ci cu slot PCI, \u0219i nu un slot oarecare, ci unul PCI-X de 64 de bi\u021bi. Testarea sa va ar\u0103ta maximul de performan\u021b\u0103 pe care \u00eel putem ob\u021bine pe placa Intel SAI2.<\/p>\n

\"Articol
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Sursa: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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