{"id":30716,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:05","slug":"kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Omul, dup\u0103 cum se \u0219tie, este o fiin\u021b\u0103 lene\u0219\u0103. <br \/>\n\u0218i cu at\u00e2t mai mult c\u00e2nd vine vorba de alegerea unei parole sigure.<\/p>\n<p>Cred c\u0103 fiecare dintre administratori s-a confruntat vreodat\u0103 cu problema utiliz\u0103rii de parole slabe \u0219i standard. Acest fenomen este adesea \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een r\u00e2ndul v\u00e2rfurilor ierarhice ale companiei. Da, da, exact \u00een r\u00e2ndul celor care au acces la informa\u021bii confiden\u021biale sau comerciale \u0219i ar fi extrem de nedorit s\u0103 se elimine consecin\u021bele unei scurgeri\/\u00een\u021belegeri a parolei \u0219i incidentele ulterioare.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00cen practica mea a fost un caz \u00een care, \u00een domeniul Active Directory cu politica de parol\u0103 activat\u0103, contabilii au ajuns singuri la ideea c\u0103 o parol\u0103 de tipul \u201ePas$w0rd1234\u201d se potrive\u0219te perfect cerin\u021belor politicii. Consecin\u021ba a fost utilizarea generalizat\u0103 a acestei parole peste tot. Diferea uneori doar prin setul de cifre. <\/p>\n<p>Mi-a\u0219 fi dorit s\u0103 am posibilitatea nu doar de a activa politica de parol\u0103 \u0219i de a determina setul de simboluri, ci \u0219i de a filtra dup\u0103 un dic\u021bionar. Pentru a exclude posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii unor parole de acest tip.<\/p>\n<p>Compania Microsoft ne informeaz\u0103 cu amabilitate printr-un link c\u0103 oricine \u0219tie s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 corect un compilator, IDE \u0219i \u0219tie s\u0103 pronun\u021be corect C++, poate s\u0103 compileze singur biblioteca necesar\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 o foloseasc\u0103 dup\u0103 bunul s\u0103u plac. Sluga dumneavoastr\u0103 nu este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta, a\u0219a c\u0103 a trebuit s\u0103 caut o solu\u021bie gata.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 o or\u0103 lung\u0103 de c\u0103utare, mi-au fost prezentate dou\u0103 variante pentru rezolvarea problemei. Desigur, vorbesc despre o solu\u021bie OpenSource. C\u0103ci nu lipsesc variantele pl\u0103tite - de la \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la.<\/p>\n<p><u>Varianta nr. 1.<\/u> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jephthai\/OpenPasswordFilter\"><b>OpenPasswordFilter<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Nu au mai fost commit-uri de vreo 2 ani. Instalatorul original func\u021bioneaz\u0103 din c\u00e2nd \u00een c\u00e2nd, trebuie s\u0103 corectez manual. Creeaz\u0103 un serviciu separat. C\u00e2nd actualizez fi\u0219ierul de parole, DLL-ul nu preia automat con\u021binutul modificat, trebuie s\u0103 opresc serviciul, s\u0103 a\u0219tept timeout-ul, s\u0103 editez fi\u0219ierul, s\u0103 repornesc serviciul. <\/p>\n<p><b><u>Nu este grozav!<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p><u>Varianta nr. 2.<\/u> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\"><b>PassFiltEx<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Proiectul este activ, viu \u0219i nici m\u0103car nu trebuie s\u0103-l \u00eempingi.<br \/>\nInstalarea filtrului const\u0103 \u00een copierea a dou\u0103 fi\u0219iere \u0219i crearea mai multor intr\u0103ri \u00een registru. Fi\u0219ierul de parole nu este \u00eenchis, adic\u0103 - este disponibil pentru modificare \u0219i, conform concep\u021biei autorului proiectului, acesta este pur \u0219i simplu citit o dat\u0103 pe minut. De asemenea, prin intermediul unor intr\u0103ri suplimentare \u00een registru, se poate efectua o configurare suplimentar\u0103 at\u00e2t a filtrului \u00een sine, c\u00e2t \u0219i a detaliilor politicii de parole.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar. <br \/>\nDat: domeniul Active Directory test.local<br \/>\n sta\u021bia de lucru Windows 8.1 de test (pentru condi\u021bia sarcinii - nesemnificativ\u0103)<br \/>\n filtrul de parole PassFiltEx<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Desc\u0103rc\u0103m ultima versiune de pe link <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\/releases\">PassFiltEx<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Copiem <i>PassFiltEx.dll<\/i> \u00een <i>C:WindowsSystem32<\/i> (sau <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>).<br \/>\nCopiem <i>PassFiltExBlacklist.txt<\/i> \u00een <i>C:WindowsSystem32<\/i> (sau <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>). Dac\u0103 este necesar, complet\u0103m cu \u0219abloanele proprii<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c14d6bbd157b85ff4834caab40dbf0c7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<li>Edit\u0103m ramura registrului: <b>HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlLsa<\/b> =&gt; <i>Notification Packages<\/i><br \/>\nAd\u0103ug\u0103m <i>PassFiltEx<\/i> la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul listei. (Nu este necesar\u0103 specificarea extensiei.) Lista complet\u0103 a pachetelor utilizate pentru verificare va ar\u0103ta astfel &#171;<i>rassfm scecli PassFiltEx<\/i>&#171;.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/438c34e142f15140860a1f2cf9d007af.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<li>Reboot\u0103m controlerul de domeniu.<\/li>\n<li>Repet\u0103m procedura men\u021bionat\u0103 mai sus pentru toate controlerele de domeniu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDe asemenea, se pot ad\u0103uga urm\u0103toarele intr\u0103ri \u00een registru, ceea ce ofer\u0103 o flexibilitate mai mare \u00een utilizarea acestui filtr:<\/p>\n<p>Sec\u021biunea: <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltEx<\/b> \u2014 se creeaz\u0103 automat.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExBlacklistFileName<\/b>, REG_SZ, Default: PassFiltExBlacklist.txt\n<p><i>BlacklistFileName<\/i> \u2014 permite specificarea unei c\u0103i personalizate c\u0103tre fi\u0219ierul cu \u0219abloanele de parole. Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 intrare \u00een registru are o valoare nul\u0103 sau nu exist\u0103, se va folosi calea implicit\u0103, anume \u2014 <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>. Se poate specifica chiar \u0219i o cale de re\u021bea, DAR trebuie s\u0103 \u021bine\u021bi minte c\u0103 fi\u0219ierul cu \u0219abloane trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 permisiuni clare pentru citire, scriere, \u0219tergere, modificare.\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExTokenPercentageOfPassword<\/b>, REG_DWORD, Default: 60\n<p><i>TokenPercentageOfPassword<\/i> \u2014 permite specificarea procentului de apari\u021bie a unui tipar \u00een noua parol\u0103. \u00cen mod implicit, valoarea este de 60%. De exemplu, dac\u0103 se specific\u0103 un procent de apari\u021bie de 60 \u0219i \u00een fi\u0219ierul de \u0219abloane exist\u0103 \u0219irul starwars, atunci parola <b>Starwars1!<\/b> va fi refuzat\u0103, pe c\u00e2nd parola <b>starwars1!DarthVader88<\/b> va fi acceptat\u0103, deoarece procentul de apari\u021bie a \u0219irului \u00een parol\u0103 este mai mic de 60%\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExRequireCharClasses<\/b>, REG_DWORD, Default: 0\n<p><i>RequireCharClasses<\/i> \u2014 permite extinderea cerin\u021belor pentru parole \u00een compara\u021bie cu cerin\u021bele standard de complexitate ale ActiveDirectory. Cerin\u021bele \u00eencorporate de complexitate necesit\u0103 3 din 5 tipuri diferite de caractere posibile: Majuscule, Minuscule, Cifre, Simbol special \u0219i Unicode. Prin intermediul acestei intr\u0103ri de registru, se pot stabili propriile cerin\u021be de complexitate a parolelor. Valoarea care poate fi specificat\u0103 este un set de bi\u021bi, fiecare reprezent\u00e2nd o putere a dou\u0103.<br \/>\nAsta \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u2014 1 = minuscule, 2 = majuscule, 4 = cifre, 8 = simbol special, \u0219i 16 = caracter Unicode. <br \/>\nAstfel, cu o valoare de 7, cerin\u021bele vor fi \u201cMajuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> minuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> cifre\u201d, iar cu o valoare de 31 \u2014 \u201cMajuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> minuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> cifre <b>\u0218I<\/b> simbol special <b>\u0218I<\/b> caracter Unicode\u201d.<br \/>\nSe pot combina chiar \u0219i \u2014 19 = \u201cMajuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> minuscule <b>\u0218I<\/b> caracter Unicode\u201d.\n<\/li>\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/86a94d4a38b63632da9e7b56d2171fce.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nO serie de reguli pentru crearea fi\u0219ierelor de \u0219abloane:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0218abloanele sunt insensibile la majuscule. Prin urmare, o \u00eenregistrare \u00een fi\u0219ierul <b>starwars<\/b> \u0219i <b>StarWarS<\/b> va fi considerat\u0103 o valoare identic\u0103. <\/li>\n<li>Fi\u0219ierul de blacklist se cite\u0219te la fiecare 60 de secunde, astfel c\u0103 poate fi editat \u00een lini\u0219te, iar datele noi vor fi utilizate de filtru \u00een maxim un minut. <\/li>\n<li>\u00cen prezent, nu exist\u0103 suport Unicode pentru verificarea prin \u0219ablon. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 se pot folosi caractere Unicode \u00een parole, dar filtrul nu va func\u021biona. Nu este critic, pentru c\u0103 nu am \u00eent\u00e2lnit utilizatori care s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 parole \u00een Unicode. <\/li>\n<li>Este recomandat s\u0103 nu se permit\u0103 linii goale \u00een fi\u0219ierul de \u0219abloane. \u00cen debug, se poate observa o eroare c\u00e2nd se \u00eencarc\u0103 date din fi\u0219ier. Filtrul func\u021bioneaz\u0103, dar de ce s\u0103 existe excep\u021bii inutile? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPentru debug, \u00een arhiv\u0103 exist\u0103 batch-uri care permit crearea unui log ce poate fi analizat ulterior, de exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=44226\">Microsoft Message Analyzer.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAcest filtru pentru parole utilizeaz\u0103 Event Tracing for Windows.<\/p>\n<p>Providerul ETW pentru acest filtru de parole este <b>07d83223-7594-4852-babc-784803fdf6c5<\/b>. A\u0219adar, se poate configura trasarea evenimentelor dup\u0103 urm\u0103toarea repornire: <br \/>\n<code>logman create trace autosessionPassFiltEx -o %SystemRootbugPassFiltEx.etl -p \"{07d83223-7594-4852-babc-784803fdf6c5}\" 0xFFFFFFFF -ets<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Trasarea va fi lansat\u0103 dup\u0103 urm\u0103toarea repornire a sistemului. Pentru a opri: <br \/>\n<code>logman stop PassFiltEx -ets &amp;&amp; logman delete autosessionPassFiltEx -ets<\/code><br \/>\nToate aceste comenzi sunt specificate \u00een scripturi <i>StartTracingAtBoot.cmd<\/i> \u0219i <i>StopTracingAtBoot.cmd<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru o verificare unic\u0103 a func\u021bion\u0103rii filtrului, se poate folosi <i>StartTracing.cmd<\/i> \u0219i <i>StopTracing.cmd<\/i>.<br \/>\nPentru a citi confortabil ie\u0219irea de debug a acestui filtru \u00een <i>Microsoft Message Analyzer <\/i>se recomand\u0103 utilizarea urm\u0103toarelor set\u0103ri:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cc83eb4aa6df9d1c424e0583b0014d18.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d699f9a8e93fd2795b64fce94a4dd7ca.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nLa oprirea jurnalului \u0219i analiza \u00een <i>Microsoft Message Analyzer<\/i> totul arat\u0103 cam a\u0219a:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/4a7802318acdfa62b03b07d90e283f0b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAici se vede c\u0103 a existat o \u00eencercare de a stabili o parol\u0103 pentru utilizator \u2014 acest lucru ne este indicat de cuv\u00e2ntul magic <b>SET<\/b> \u00een debug. \u0218i parola a fost respins\u0103 din cauza prezen\u021bei sale \u00een fi\u0219ierul de \u0219abloane \u0219i a unei conformit\u0103\u021bi mai mari de 30% cu textul introdus. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul unei \u00eencerc\u0103ri reu\u0219ite de schimbare a parolei vedem urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/129b69641f3dc26c0607d34360bbe255.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nExist\u0103 o anumit\u0103 nepl\u0103cere pentru utilizatorul final. La \u00eencercarea de a schimba o parol\u0103 care se afl\u0103 pe lista fi\u0219ierului de \u0219abloane, mesajul de pe ecran nu difer\u0103 prin inteligen\u021b\u0103 de mesajul standard \u00een cazul ne\u00eendeplinirii politicii de parol\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum s\u0103 interzici parolele standard \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei faci pe to\u021bi s\u0103 te urasc\u0103\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cb9eedc3e07fc6140760df213175648c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nA\u0219adar, fi\u021bi preg\u0103ti\u021bi pentru apeluri \u0219i strig\u0103te: \u201eAm introdus parola corect, dar nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>Concluzie.<\/h3>\n<p>\nAceast\u0103 bibliotec\u0103 permite interzicerea utiliz\u0103rii parolelor simple sau standard \u00een domeniul Active Directory. S\u0103 spunem \u201eNu!\u201d parolelor de tip: \u201eP@ssw0rd\u201d, \u201eQwerty123\u201d, \u201eADm1n098\u201d.<br \/>\nDa, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, utilizatorii v\u0103 vor aprecia \u0219i mai mult pentru grija fa\u021b\u0103 de securitatea lor \u0219i necesitatea de a inventa parole greu de descifrat. \u0218i, poate, num\u0103rul apelurilor \u0219i cererilor de ajutor legate de parol\u0103 va cre\u0219te. Dar pentru securitate trebuie s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p><u>Linkuri c\u0103tre resursele utilizate:<\/u><br \/>\nArticol pe Microsoft privind biblioteca personalizat\u0103 de filtre pentru parole: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/desktop\/secmgmt\/password-filters\">Filtre pentru parole<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPassFiltEx: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\">PassFiltEx<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nLink c\u0103tre versiune: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\/releases\">Ultima versiune<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nListe de parole:<br \/>\nDanielMiessler liste: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/danielmiessler\/SecLists\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nLista de cuvinte de la weakpass.com: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/weakpass.com\/wordlist\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nLista de cuvinte din repo-ul berzerk0: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/berzerk0\/Probable-Wordlists\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMicrosoft Message Analyzer: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=44226\">Microsoft Message Analyzer.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/446336\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 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\u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u0430-\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f 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