{"id":30832,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pchelovody-protiv-mikrokontrollerov-ili-o-polze-oshibok\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:41","slug":"pchelovody-protiv-mikrokontrollerov-ili-o-polze-oshibok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pchelovody-protiv-mikrokontrollerov-ili-o-polze-oshibok","title":{"rendered":"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/251cc03f56bb0e0a0de6af19ddcda463.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Una dintre cele mai conservatoare activit\u0103\u021bi ale omului este apicultura!<br \/>\nDe la inven\u021bia stupului cu rame \u0219i a centrifugii pentru miere \u00een urm\u0103 cu aproximativ 200 de ani, progresul \u00een acest domeniu a fost doar nesemnificativ.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aceasta s-a manifestat prin electrificarea unor procese de extrac\u021bie a mierii \u0219i utilizarea \u00eenc\u0103lzirii de iarn\u0103 a stupilor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00centre timp, popula\u021bia de albine din lume scade semnificativ \u2014 din cauza schimb\u0103rilor climatice, utiliz\u0103rii pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a substan\u021belor chimice \u00een agricultur\u0103 \u0219i a faptului c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 nu \u0219tim ce \u00ee\u0219i doresc albinele.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Motivul principal a disp\u0103rut, \u0219i acest lucru a schimbat semnificativ concep\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a \u201ealbinei inteligente\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen realitate, problema proiectelor existente \u00een acest domeniu este c\u0103 persoanele care le creeaz\u0103 nu sunt apicultori, iar ultimii sunt departe de \u0219tiin\u021bele inginere\u0219ti.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i, desigur, problema pre\u021bului \u2014 costul unei familii de albine este aproape egal cu costul unui stup simplu \u0219i cu pre\u021bul mierii produse de acestea \u00eentr-un sezon (an).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Acum, lua\u021bi pre\u021bul unui dintre proiectele \u00een expansiune \u0219i \u00eenmul\u021bi\u021bi-l cu num\u0103rul de stupi de pe o ferm\u0103 comercial\u0103 (de la 100 \u00een sus).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, cine este interesat de medita\u021biile de vineri ale unui geek apicultor, v\u0103 rog s\u0103 citi\u021bi \u00een continuare!<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Bunicul meu a fost apicultor amator \u2014 o duzin\u0103 \u0219i jum\u0103tate de stupi, a\u0219a c\u0103 am crescut l\u00e2ng\u0103 o ferm\u0103 apicol\u0103, de\u0219i m\u0103 temeam teribil de albine.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dar, dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva decenii, am decis s\u0103 \u00eemi \u00eencep propria apicultur\u0103 \u2014 \u00een\u021bep\u0103turile nu m\u0103 mai temeau, iar dorin\u021ba de a avea propriul stup cu miere \u0219i albine \u00eemi d\u0103dea curaj.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, mai jos este prezentat\u0103 construc\u021bia celui mai comun stup din sistemul Dadant.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe scurt, albinele se afl\u0103 constant \u00een corpul principal \u0219i ierneaz\u0103, \u201emagazinul\u201d se adaug\u0103 \u00een timpul colect\u0103rii mierii, iar capacul de deasupra serve\u0219te la izolarea \u0219i reducerea condensului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/92f67e872a4d2ef58434c1ceff496ccc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i \u0219ti\u021bi, nu a\u0219 fi eu \u00eensumi dac\u0103 nu a\u0219 \u00eencerca s\u0103-mi inventez propriul biciclet\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei pun o Arduino \ud83d\ude09.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, am asamblat corpurile unui stup hibrid Varroa (multicorp, f\u0103r\u0103 rame \u2013 \u201eram\u0103\u201d 300\u00d7200).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Albinele mele au ap\u0103rut la mijlocul verii, nu voiam s\u0103 le mut for\u021bat \u00een noua lor locuin\u021b\u0103, iar ele nu au dorit s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 \u00een noul corp, \u00een ciuda tuturor \u00eencerc\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ca rezultat, \u00een septembrie am abandonat aceste \u00eencerc\u0103ri, am oferit hrana necesar\u0103, am izolat stupul Dadant de 12 rame (peretele \u2014 pin cu un singur strat de 40mm \u2014 stup second-hand) \u0219i l-am l\u0103sat pentru iarn\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dar, din p\u0103cate, alternarea numeroaselor perioade de dezghe\u021b cu \u00eenghe\u021buri nu le-a oferit albinelor nicio \u0219ans\u0103 \u2014 chiar \u0219i colegii experimenta\u021bi au pierdut aproximativ 2\/3 din familiile de albine.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum a\u021bi \u00een\u021beles, nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 instalez senzorii, dar am tras concluziile corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Aceasta a fost o poveste introductiv\u0103, dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu stupul inteligent?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 analiz\u0103m deja un proiect str\u0103in existent. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/makezine.com\/projects\/bees-sensors-monitor-hive-health\/\">Internetul albinelor<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 ce este bine \u0219i ce nu este \u00een regul\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/56260e52e6e10fad7b9c3c7f1fc2d114.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Principalele parametre pentru control aici sunt temperatura, umiditatea \u0219i greutatea stupului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ultimul este relevant doar \u00een perioada de recoltare a mierii, iar umiditatea este important\u0103 doar \u00een perioada activ\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Din punctul meu de vedere, lipse\u0219te un senzor de zgomot \u2014 intensitatea acestuia, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu temperatura \u0219i umiditatea, poate indica o posibil\u0103 roire.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 ne oprim mai \u00een detaliu asupra temperaturii:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un senzor este informat relativ doar vara, c\u00e2nd albinele mi\u0219c\u0103 activ aerul \u00een interiorul stupului \u2013 \u00eempiedic\u0103 supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirea \u0219i \u201eevaporarea\u201d apei din miere.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Iarna, se str\u00e2ng \u00eentr-un \u201emorman\u201d cu un \u201ediametru\u201d de aproximativ 15cm, intr\u0103 \u00eentr-o semisomnolen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i migreaz\u0103 pe faguri, consum\u00e2nd mierea rezervat\u0103 pentru iarn\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Zona de mi\u0219care \u00eentr-un \u201eDadant\u201d cu 12 rame \u2013 40x40x30cm (L-W-H), a m\u0103sura \u201etemperatura medie a spitalului\u201d sub tavan \u2013 este inutil.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Minimul absolut, \u00een opinia mea, este 4 senzori la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 10 cm deasupra ramei \u2014 \u00een p\u0103tratul de 20x20 cm.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Umiditatea \u2014 da, \u00een capac, un microfon electrostat \u2014 acolo unde albinele nu \u00eel vor sigila cu propolis.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Acum despre umiditate<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b8b91447c0a6da028b3e827cc793251c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe timpul iernii, consum\u00e2nd miere, albinele elibereaz\u0103 mai mult de 10 litri de vapori!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce crede\u021bi, oare o cutie din polistiren adaug\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tate?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u021bi dori s\u0103 locui\u021bi \u00eentr-o cas\u0103 dintr-un astfel de material?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce zice\u021bi despre mierea cu toxine? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Polistirenul elibereaz\u0103 o mul\u021bime de toxine la o temperatur\u0103 de aproximativ 40 de grade Celsius \u2014 doar la aceast\u0103 temperatur\u0103 se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te interiorul stupului vara.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pere\u021bii stupului trebuie s\u0103 \u201erespire\u201d precum hainele termice \u2013 optim \u2013 lemn \u2013 s\u0103 fie netezi\u021bi pe exterior, iar pe interior \u2013 nu \u2013 \u0219i s\u0103 nu fie vopsi\u021bi sub nici o form\u0103!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u0218i \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it, cum cred c\u0103 se poate realiza acest lucru:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aminti\u021bi-v\u0103, la \u00eenceput am vorbit despre pre\u021bul problemei? <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pun accent pe acest aspect, a\u0219a c\u0103, momentan, senzorul de greutate \u2014 la gunoi.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Setul de baz\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Microcontroler \u2014 Atmega328P, \u00een modul de somn, alimentare, de exemplu \u2014 o baterie de tip cronic\u0103 prin dc-dc (f\u0103r\u0103 panouri solare!).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u201eRama\u201d cu dispozitiv \u2013 MK, alimentare, 4 senzori de temperatur\u0103, senzor de umiditate, microfon, jack extern pentru conectarea modulelor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Extensii:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Indicator pe baza LCD1602 (poate fi unul pentru \u00eentreaga famili\u0103 de albine)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Wi-fi\/bluetooth \u2014 module wireless generale pentru control de pe smartphone.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, domnilor, m\u0103 intereseaz\u0103 opinia dumneavoastr\u0103 \u2014 <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00e2t de interesant va fi pentru comunitatea Habr dezvoltarea acestui subiect?<\/li>\n<li>Este o idee bun\u0103 pentru o afacere?<\/li>\n<li>Orice critic\u0103 constructiv\u0103 este binevenit\u0103!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A fost cu dumneavoastr\u0103 apicultorul IT Andrei.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Apicultorii \u00eempotriva microcontrolerelor sau despre utilitatea gre\u0219elilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/43e7ce2262d406a8564cf6af6b00d858.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe cur\u00e2nd pe Habr!<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>UPD Adev\u0103rul se na\u0219te din disput\u0103, iar \u00een discu\u021bii pe Habr \u2014 se corecteaz\u0103!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>M-am decis asupra echipamentului \u0219i metodelor \u2014 setul minim pentru un stup (3 parametri \u2014 temperatura, umiditatea, nivelul de zgomot) + controlul bateriei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>capacitatea bateriei ar trebui s\u0103 fie suficient\u0103 \u00een sezonul activ \u2014 timp de o lun\u0103, \u00een hibernare \u2014 timp de 5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>P.S. \u0218i da, informa\u021biile vor fi transmise prin WiFi<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>P.P.S. A r\u0103mas de realizat prototipul <\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Numai utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi pot participa la sondaj. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Conecta\u021bi-v\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u0103 rug\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Implementarea \u201estupului inteligent\u201d. V\u0103 va interesa s\u0103 citi\u021bi articole despre dezvoltarea acestui subiect?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Da<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Nu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Au votat 313 utilizatori. S-au ab\u021binut 38 utilizatori.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">Implementarea \u201estupului inteligent\u201d. Poate \u201edecola\u201d un astfel de startup?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Da<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Nu<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    Au votat 235 utilizatori. S-au ab\u021binut 90 utilizatori.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/431642\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e! \u0421 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 ~200 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438(\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0432 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