{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Primul genom computerizat poate duce la crearea de forme de via\u021b\u0103 sintetice","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Toate secven\u021bele ADN ale formelor de via\u021b\u0103 studiate de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sunt stocate \u00eentr-o baz\u0103 de date care apar\u021bine Centrului Na\u021bional pentru Informa\u021bii Biotehnologice din SUA. Iar pe 1 aprilie, baza de date a primit o nou\u0103 \u00eenregistrare: «Caulobacter ethensis-2.0». Acesta este primul genom sintetic complet modelat pe computer \u0219i apoi sintetizat dintr-un organism viu, dezvoltat de cercet\u0103torii de la ETH Zurich (\u0218coala Tehnic\u0103 Superioar\u0103 din Zurich). Totu\u0219i, trebuie subliniat c\u0103, de\u0219i genomul C. ethensis-2.0 a fost ob\u021binut cu succes ca o molecul\u0103 mare de ADN, organismul viu corespunz\u0103tor nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"Primul<\/p>\n

Lucrarea de cercetare a fost realizat\u0103 de Bit Kristen, profesor de biologie sistemic\u0103 experimental\u0103, \u0219i fratele s\u0103u, Matthias Kristen \u2014 chimist. Noul genom, numit Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, a fost creat prin purificarea \u0219i optimizarea codului natural al bacteriei Caulobacter crescentus \u2014 o bacterie inofensiv\u0103 care tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103 dulce din \u00eentreaga lume.  <\/p>\n

\"Primul
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Cu mai bine de zece ani \u00een urm\u0103, o echip\u0103 condus\u0103 de geneticianul Craig Venter a creat prima bacterie «sintetic\u0103». \u00cen timpul lucr\u0103rii sale, cercet\u0103torii au sintetizat o copie a genomului Mycoplasma mycoides, care a fost apoi implantat\u0103 \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 purt\u0103toare, devenind astfel complet viabil\u0103 \u0219i p\u0103str\u00e2nd capacitatea de a se autoconstrui.<\/p>\n

Noua cercetare continu\u0103 munca lui Kreiger. Dac\u0103 anterior, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au creat un model digital al ADN-ului unui organism real \u0219i pe baza sa au sintetizat o molecul\u0103, noul proiect avanseaz\u0103, folosind codul original al ADN-ului. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 l-au modificat semnificativ \u00eenainte de a-l sintetiza \u0219i verifica func\u021bionalitatea.<\/p>\n

Cercet\u0103torii au \u00eenceput cu genomul original al C. crescentus, care con\u021bine 4000 de gene. La fel ca \u00een cazul oric\u0103ror organisme vii, cea mai mare parte a acestor gene nu poart\u0103 informa\u021bii utile \u0219i este considerat\u0103 «ADN de gunoi». Dup\u0103 analiza efectuat\u0103, cercet\u0103torii au concluzionat c\u0103 doar aproximativ 680 dintre acestea sunt necesare pentru men\u021binerea vie\u021bii bacteriei \u00een laborator.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 eliminarea «ADN-ului de gunoi» \u0219i ob\u021binerea genomului minim al C. crescentus, echipa a continuat lucr\u0103rile. ADN-ul organismelor vii are o caracteristic\u0103 de redundan\u021b\u0103 \u00eencorporat\u0103, \u00een care sinteza acelea\u0219i proteine este codificat\u0103 de gene diferite \u00een mai multe loca\u021bii ale lan\u021bului. Cercet\u0103torii au \u00eenlocuit mai mult de 1\/6 din cele 800 000 de litere ADN \u00een timpul optimiz\u0103rii prin eliminarea codului duplicat.<\/p>\n

\u201eDatorit\u0103 algoritmului nostru, am reprogramat complet genomul \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 secven\u021b\u0103 de litere ADN, care nu mai seam\u0103n\u0103 cu cea ini\u021bial\u0103\u201d, spune Bit Kristen, coautor al studiului. \u201e\u00cen acest proces, func\u021bia biologic\u0103 la nivelul sintezei proteinelor a r\u0103mas neschimbat\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pentru a verifica dac\u0103 secven\u021ba ob\u021binut\u0103 va func\u021biona corect \u00eentr-o celul\u0103 vie, cercet\u0103torii au cultivat un suflu de bacterii care aveau \u00een ADN-ul lor at\u00e2t genomul natural Caulobacter, c\u00e2t \u0219i segmente ale genomului artificial. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au dezactivat genele naturale individuale \u0219i au testat capacitatea analogilor lor artificiali de a \u00eendeplini aceea\u0219i func\u021bie biologic\u0103. Rezultatul a fost suficient de impresionant: aproximativ 580 din cele 680 de gene artificiale s-au dovedit a fi func\u021bionale.<\/p>\n

\u201eDatorit\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021belor ob\u021binute, vom putea s\u0103 ne \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bim algoritmul \u0219i s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m o nou\u0103 versiune a genomului 3.0\u201d, spune Kristen. \u201eCredem c\u0103 \u00een viitorul apropiat vom crea celule bacteriene vii cu un genom complet sintetic.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00cen prima etap\u0103, astfel de cercet\u0103ri vor ajuta geneticii s\u0103 verifice corectitudinea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor lor despre ADN \u0219i rolul fiec\u0103rei gene \u00een acesta, deoarece orice eroare \u00een sintetizarea secven\u021bei va duce la moartea organismului cu noul genom sau la o func\u021bie defectuoas\u0103. \u00cen viitor, \u00eens\u0103, acestea vor conduce la apari\u021bia microorganismelor sintetice, care vor fi create pentru sarcini predefinite. Virusuri artificiale vor putea lupta \u00eempotriva omologilor lor naturali, iar bacterii speciale vor produce vitamine sau medicamente.<\/p>\n

Studiul a fost publicat \u00een revista PNAS.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/center><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t


\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/center>
\n
Sursa: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u041d\u041a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u0418 1 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c: «Caulobacter ethensis-2.0». \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 ETH Zurich (\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Primul genom computerizat ar putea duce la crearea formelor de via\u021b\u0103 sintetice | ProHoster","description":"Toate secven\u021bele ADN ale formelor de via\u021b\u0103 studiate de cercet\u0103tori sunt stocate \u00eentr-o baz\u0103 de date apar\u021bin\u00e2nd Centrului Na\u021bional de Informa\u021bii Biotehnologice din SUA.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u041d\u041a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:37:49+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:37:49+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"30858","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 03:20:21","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:27:39","updated":"2026-01-21 03:20:21","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30858"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30858\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}