{"id":31278,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:25","slug":"veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/veloinfrastruktura-v-gollandii-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Infrastructura de biciclete din Olanda - cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Salut, Habr.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimii ani, \u00een diferite ora\u0219e din Rusia s-a acordat mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie infrastructurii pentru biciclete. Procesul avanseaz\u0103, desigur, lent \u0219i uneori cu dificult\u0103\u021bi \u2014 pe pistele pentru biciclete sunt parcate ma\u0219ini, adesea pistele nu rezist\u0103 iernii cu sare \u0219i se degradeaz\u0103, iar \u00een multe locuri nu este fizic posibil s\u0103 se amplaseze aceste piste. \u00cen general, exist\u0103 probleme, dar este de bine c\u0103 se \u00eencearc\u0103, m\u0103car \u00eentr-un fel, s\u0103 fie rezolvate.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 vedem cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 infrastructura pentru biciclete \u00een Olanda \u2014 o \u021bar\u0103 cu o lung\u0103 istorie legat\u0103 de biciclete, unde num\u0103rul bicicletelor dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te num\u0103rul locuitorilor.<\/p>\n

\"Infrastructura
\nBicicleta \u00een Olanda este nu doar un mijloc de transport, ci \u0219i o parte a culturii na\u021bionale.<\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pistele pentru biciclete<\/h2>\n

\nPistele pentru biciclete \u00een Olanda sunt peste tot, ceea ce nu este o exagerare literar\u0103. Din practic oricare punct al \u021b\u0103rii, po\u021bi ajunge \u00een oricare altul f\u0103r\u0103 a cobor\u00ee de pe biciclet\u0103. Pistele sunt marcate cu o culoare diferit\u0103, astfel c\u0103 este greu s\u0103 le confunzi, iar pietonii, desigur, nu sunt recomanda\u021bi s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pe ele. \u00cen plus, nu ar reu\u0219i, traficul pe biciclete este adesea destul de intens. <\/p>\n

Ori de c\u00e2te ori este posibil, pistele pentru biciclete sunt fizic separate de trotuar, de\u0219i acest lucru nu se reu\u0219e\u0219te \u00eentotdeauna \u0219i depinde de l\u0103\u021bimea str\u0103zii.
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\nDesigur, nu sunt \u00eentotdeauna at\u00e2t de libere; \u00een orele de v\u00e2rf, de obicei, se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 astfel:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa thecyclingdutchman.blogspot.com\/2013\/04\/the-ultimate-amsterdam-bike-ride.html<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Apropo, exist\u0103 chiar modele speciale de receptoare GPS (de exemplu, Garmin Edge) cu pistele pentru biciclete \u00eencorporate, care traseaz\u0103 ruta exact pe acestea. <\/p>\n

Pistele pentru biciclete, \u00een majoritatea cazurilor, sunt separate nu doar de trotuar, ci \u0219i de carosabil \u0219i, \u00een general, sunt destul de sigure \u2014 exist\u0103 marcaje clare, indicatoare, semafoare separate, iar fiecare pist\u0103 pentru biciclete este adesea dublat\u0103 pe ambele p\u0103r\u021bi ale drumului, astfel c\u0103 este imposibil s\u0103 ie\u0219i pe contrasens. De aceea, majoritatea olandezilor nu poart\u0103 c\u0103\u0219ti, iar accidentele pe biciclete sunt aproape o excep\u021bie \u2014 este bine\u00een\u021beles posibil s\u0103 cazi de pe biciclet\u0103, dar a suferi r\u0103ni grave este dificil. <\/p>\n

Apropo, de ce \u00een Olanda sunt mai multe biciclete dec\u00e2t biciclete \u2014 r\u0103spunsul este simplu. Mul\u021bi folosesc 2 biciclete: cu una se duc de acas\u0103 la metrou \u0219i o las\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 sta\u021bia de tren, cu cealalt\u0103 se duc de la sta\u021bia final\u0103 la serviciu. De asemenea, unii pot avea o biciclet\u0103 veche \u0219i rugin\u0103, pe care nu le pas\u0103 s\u0103 o lase pe strad\u0103, \u0219i o alta bun\u0103 acas\u0103, pentru sport sau pentru plimb\u0103ri mai lungi \u00een weekend. Apropo, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere un tarif mediu de 2 Euro pentru o c\u0103l\u0103torie cu tramvaiul sau autobuzul, o biciclet\u0103 veche de ocazie cost\u00e2nd 100-200 Euro se amortizeaz\u0103 destul de repede \u00eentr-un sezon, chiar dac\u0103 pur \u0219i simplu o arunci apoi (de\u0219i olandezii par s\u0103 nu arunce biciclete aproape niciodat\u0103 \u2014 astfel de modele antice nu am mai v\u0103zut de mult \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi).<\/p>\n

Infrastructur\u0103<\/h2>\n

\nDesigur, pentru ca oamenii s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 bicicletele, trebuie s\u0103 fie convenabil. \u0218i guvernul investe\u0219te sume considerabile \u00een acest sens. Practic, aproape fiecare sta\u021bie sau oprire are parc\u0103ri pentru biciclete \u2014 dimensiunile lor pot varia de la o simpl\u0103 ram\u0103 la un acoperi\u0219, sau chiar un parcaj subteran pentru mii de biciclete. De asemenea, de multe ori totul este gratuit.<\/p>\n

Parc\u0103rile pot varia \u00een dimensiune, de la astfel de:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\n\u0218i p\u00e2n\u0103 la astfel de:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa bicycledutch.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/02\/bicycle-parking-at-delft-central-station<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Se construiesc parcaje gigantice pentru biciclete subterane, c\u00e2teva imagini pentru a \u00een\u021belege amploarea construc\u021biei \u0219i a investi\u021biilor:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa \u2014 video youtube<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Desigur, aproape fiecare centru de birouri are nu numai o parcare pentru biciclete, ci \u0219i du\u0219uri pentru angaja\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Dar totu\u0219i, parc\u0103rile nu sunt suficiente pentru to\u021bi, iar majoritatea oamenilor nu au chef s\u0103 mearg\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acolo, a\u0219a c\u0103 bicicleta este pur \u0219i simplu l\u0103sat\u0103 pe strad\u0103 \u0219i legat\u0103 de orice. Practic, orice copac sau st\u00e2lp poate fi, de asemenea, o bun\u0103 parcare pentru biciclete (dac\u0103 nu plou\u0103, dar nici asta nu-i deranjeaz\u0103 pe proprietari \u2014 \u00een astfel de cazuri, pe \u0219aua bicicletei se pune pur \u0219i simplu un sac).
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\nUn alt aspect important \u2014 cu bicicleta po\u021bi s\u0103 te urci \u00een metrou sau tren (\u00een afara orei de v\u00e2rf, iar num\u0103rul este limitat la c\u00e2teva buc\u0103\u021bi pe vagon). Vagoanele unde po\u021bi s\u0103 intri cu bicicleta sunt marcate cu un semn special:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(Surs\u0103: bikeshed.johnhoogstrate.nl\/bicycle\/trip\/train_netherlands<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Biciclete<\/h2>\n

\nBicicletele din Olanda pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een mai multe tipuri diferite.<\/p>\n

Obiecte antice<\/b>
\nAceasta este o biciclet\u0103 de acum 20-50 de ani, sc\u00e2r\u021b\u00e2ind \u0219i ruginit\u0103, pe care nu-i pas\u0103 s\u0103 o la\u0219i pe strad\u0103 \u0219i nu-i pas\u0103 dac\u0103 o fur\u0103 cineva.
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\nBiciclet\u0103 pentru transportul copiilor<\/b>
\nNu \u0219tiu cum se nume\u0219te oficial, dar din imagine probabil este clar. Este o biciclet\u0103 destul de scump\u0103 (pre\u021bul poate ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3000 de euro pentru modelele electrice), destinat\u0103 transportului copiilor.
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\nPe o astfel de biciclet\u0103, mama sau tata poate duce copiii la \u0219coal\u0103 sau gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103, apoi s\u0103 mearg\u0103 mai departe la serviciu.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 chiar \u0219i biciclete mega speciale, \u00een care \u00eencap simultan un mic grup de la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa \u2014 jillkandel.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 \u0219i modele exotice, de exemplu, aceast\u0103 biciclet\u0103 \u00abculcat\u0103\u00bb se nume\u0219te ligfiets, iar \u00een lume este mai cunoscut\u0103 sub denumirea german\u0103 liegerad (liegen - a se \u00eentinde).
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa \u2014 nederlandersfietsen.nl\/soorten-fietsen\/ligfiets<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103 este mai bun\u0103 din punct de vedere al aerodinamicii, dar pe drum nu se vede deloc \u2014 nimeni nu va ghici c\u0103 ceva se poate deplasa sub picioare cu o vitez\u0103 mare.<\/p>\n

Biciclete electrice<\/b>
\nBicicletele electrice au o limitare structural\u0103 a vitezei de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25 km\/h \u0219i sunt complet automate \u2014 odat\u0103 ce \u00eencepi s\u0103 pedalezi, motorul electric \u00abprinde\u00bb viteza. Autonomia este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40 km, ceea ce este destul de convenabil, de\u0219i, bine\u00een\u021beles, o astfel de biciclet\u0103 este mai grea \u0219i mai scump\u0103 dec\u00e2t una obi\u0219nuit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Modelele mai puternice ating viteze de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40 km\/h \u0219i, din c\u00e2te \u0219tiu, necesit\u0103 un num\u0103r de \u00eenmatriculare \u0219i o casc\u0103, dar aici nu sunt pe deplin sigur.<\/p>\n

Biciclete pliabile<\/b>
\nAceast\u0103 biciclet\u0103 se pliaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103, \u0219i ceea ce este cel mai convenabil, poate fi transportat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii \u00een metrou sau tren.
\n\"Infrastructura
\n
\n\u00cen form\u0103 pliat\u0103, aceast\u0103 biciclet\u0103 ocup\u0103 \u00eentr-adev\u0103r foarte pu\u021bin spa\u021biu:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa \u2014 www.decathlon.nl\/p\/vouwfiets-tilt-100-zwart-folding-bike\/_\/R-p-X8500541<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Ro\u021bi cu motor \u0219i alte exotice<\/b>
\nDac\u0103 nu m\u0103 \u00een\u0219el, p\u00e2n\u0103 acum acestea sunt \u00een afara legii \u0219i nu sunt legalizate. Ro\u021bile cu motor, totu\u0219i, sunt \u00eentr-adev\u0103r o raritate \u0219i se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc foarte, foarte rar (de\u0219i sunt men\u021bionate \u00een pre\u021buri). Scuterele sunt, de asemenea, destul de rare.<\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

\nA\u0219a cum se poate vedea, cu voin\u021b\u0103 din partea oamenilor \u0219i a guvernului, se pot realiza multe. Desigur, influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u0219i clima (temperatura medie iarna \u00een Olanda este de +3-5, iar z\u0103pada apare o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 pe an). Dar chiar \u0219i \u00een climatul rus, cu o re\u021bea bun\u0103 de piste pentru biciclete, sunt sigur c\u0103 mul\u021bi ar trece pe biciclete m\u0103car timp de 5-6 luni pe an. Iar aceasta este o investi\u021bie \u00een ecologie, \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva \u00eenc\u0103lzirii globale \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n

PS: Aceast\u0103 imagine \u2014 nu este deloc Olanda, ci Sankt-Petersburg:
\n\"Infrastructura
\n(sursa \u2014 pikabu.ru\/story\/v_sanktpeterburge_otkryili_yakhtennyiy_most_5082262<\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Experien\u021ba olandez\u0103 este adoptat\u0103 (de parc\u0103 speciali\u0219ti au fost invita\u021bi pentru consult\u0103ri), \u0219i acest lucru este \u00eencurajator.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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