{"id":31311,"date":"2019-10-31T21:40:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:40:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:40:37","slug":"osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/osobennosti-raboty-auto-tiering-v-shd-qsan-xcubesan","title":{"rendered":"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Continu\u00e2nd s\u0103 analiz\u0103m tehnologiile de accelerare a opera\u021biunilor de intrare\/ie\u0219ire aplicate sistemelor de stocare, \u00eenceput \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/432366\/\">articolul anterior<\/a><\/noindex>, nu putem s\u0103 nu ne oprim asupra unei op\u021biuni foarte populare, \u0219i anume tiering-ul (Auto Tiering). De\u0219i ideologia de func\u021bionare a acestei func\u021bii este destul de similar\u0103 \u00eentre diferi\u021bii produc\u0103tori de sisteme de stocare, vom analiza specificit\u0103\u021bile implement\u0103rii tiering-ului prin exemplul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">Sistem de Stocare Qsan<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7cca3662cd6a469c75e1a9809dfab98b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ciuda diversit\u0103\u021bii datelor stocate pe sistemele de stocare, aceste date pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een mai multe grupuri, \u00een func\u021bie de cererea lor (frecven\u021ba utiliz\u0103rii). Este extrem de important s\u0103 se asigure un acces c\u00e2t mai rapid la datele cele mai populare (\u201efierbin\u021bi\u201d), \u00een timp ce procesarea datelor mai pu\u021bin cerute (\u201ereci\u201d) poate fi realizat\u0103 cu un prioritate mai sc\u0103zut\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a organiza o astfel de schem\u0103, se aplic\u0103 func\u021bionalitatea tiering-ului. Arhiva de date const\u0103 \u00een acest caz nu dintr-un singur tip de discuri, ci din mai multe grupuri de unit\u0103\u021bi de stocare, form\u00e2nd diferite niveluri de stocare (tier). Prin intermediul unui algoritm special, datele sunt mutate automat \u00eentre niveluri cu scopul de a asigura o performan\u021b\u0103 total\u0103 maxim\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/5e8371056b0d1f053d646c8c2ae87460.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sisteme de stocare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">Qsan<\/a><\/noindex> suport\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la trei niveluri de stocare:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tier 1: SSD, performan\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Tier 2: HDD SAS 10K\/15K, performan\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Tier 3: HDD NL-SAS 7.2K, capacitate maxim\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pool-ul Auto Tiering poate con\u021bine toate cele trei niveluri sau doar dou\u0103 \u00een orice combina\u021bie. \u00cen fiecare Tier, unit\u0103\u021bile de stocare sunt grupate \u00een raide familiare. Pentru o flexibilitate maxim\u0103, nivelul RAID \u00een fiecare Tier poate fi diferit. Adic\u0103, de exemplu, nimic nu opre\u0219te organizarea unei structuri de tip 4x SSD RAID10 + 6x HDD 10K RAID5 + 12 HDD 7.2K RAID6<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 crearea volumelor (discurilor virtuale) pe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/auto-tiering-(qtiering).html\">Auto Tiering <\/a><\/noindex>pool, \u00eencepe o colectare de fundal a statisticilor referitoare la toate opera\u021biunile de intrare\/ie\u0219ire. Pentru aceasta, spa\u021biul este \u201et\u0103iat\u201d \u00een blocuri de dimensiune de 1 GB (a\u0219a-numitele sub LUN). La fiecare acces la un astfel de bloc, acesta prime\u0219te un coeficient de 1. Apoi, \u00een timp, acest coeficient scade. Dup\u0103 24 de ore, \u00een absen\u021ba solicit\u0103rilor de intrare\/ie\u0219ire pentru acest bloc, acesta va fi deja egal cu 0.5 \u0219i va continua s\u0103 scad\u0103 cu fiecare or\u0103 urm\u0103toare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>La un moment dat (de obicei \u00een fiecare zi la miezul nop\u021bii) are loc clasificarea rezultatelor colectate \u00een func\u021bie de activitatea sub LUN pe baza coeficientului acestora. \u00cen func\u021bie de asta, se ia decizia cu privire la ce blocuri s\u0103 fie mutate \u0219i \u00een ce direc\u021bie. Dup\u0103 care, se realizeaz\u0103 efectiv relocarea datelor \u00eentre niveluri. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f42e1bc4f9e790e0ddc7476c156d356f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen sistemul de stocare Qsan, gestionarea procesului de tiering este excelent implementat\u0103 printr-o mul\u021bime de parametri, ceea ce va permite s\u0103 configur\u0103m destul de flexibil performan\u021ba final\u0103 a raid-ului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a determina loca\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a datelor \u0219i direc\u021bia prioritizat\u0103 a mut\u0103rii acestora se folosesc politici, care sunt stabilite separat pentru fiecare volum:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Auto Tiering<\/b> \u2013 politica implicit\u0103, loca\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 \u0219i direc\u021bia mut\u0103rilor sunt determinate automat, adic\u0103 datele \u201efierbin\u021bi\u201d tinde s\u0103 se duc\u0103 la cel mai \u00eenalt nivel, iar datele \u201ereci\u201d se deplaseaz\u0103 \u00een jos. Loca\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 este aleas\u0103 pe baza spa\u021biului disponibil pe fiecare dintre niveluri. Dar trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 sistemul se str\u0103duie\u0219te \u00een primul r\u00e2nd s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 c\u00e2t mai mult posibil cele mai rapide suporturi de stocare. A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 exist\u0103 spa\u021biu liber, datele vor fi plasate la nivelurile superioare. Aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 se potrive\u0219te pentru cele mai multe scenarii \u00een care nu se poate prezice \u00een avans cererea de date.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00cencepe de sus, apoi Auto Tiering<\/b> \u2013 diferen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de precedent\u0103 este doar \u00een loca\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a datelor (la cel mai rapid nivel)<\/li>\n<li><b>Nivel maxim de \u00eenalt<\/b> \u2013 datele tinde s\u0103 ocupe \u00eentotdeauna cel mai rapid nivel. Dac\u0103, \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii, acestea sunt mutate \u00een jos, la prima oportunitate ele sunt mutate \u00eenapoi. Aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 este potrivit\u0103 pentru date care necesit\u0103 acces maxim de rapid.<\/li>\n<li><b>Nivel minim<\/b> \u2013 datele tinde s\u0103 ocupe \u00eentotdeauna cel mai jos nivel. Aceast\u0103 politic\u0103 este excelent\u0103 pentru date rareori folosite (de exemplu, arhive).<\/li>\n<li><b>F\u0103r\u0103 mutare<\/b> \u2013 sistemul determin\u0103 automat loca\u021bia ini\u021bial\u0103 a datelor \u0219i nu le mut\u0103. Totu\u0219i, statisticile continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie colectate \u00een caz c\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu ar fi necesar\u0103 relocarea acestora.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Merit\u0103 men\u021bionat c\u0103, de\u0219i politicile sunt stabilite la crearea fiec\u0103rui volum, acestea pot fi schimbate de mai multe ori \u201e\u00een zbor\u201d pe parcursul ciclului de via\u021b\u0103 al sistemului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 politica pentru mecanismul de tiering, se seteaz\u0103 \u0219i frecven\u021ba \u0219i ritmul de mutare a datelor \u00eentre niveluri. Se poate stabili un timp specific pentru mutare: zilnic sau \u00een anumite zile ale s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii, precum \u0219i s\u0103 se reduc\u0103 intervalul de colectare a statisticilor la c\u00e2teva ore (frecven\u021ba minim\u0103 \u2013 2 ore). Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 necesitatea de a limita timpul de execu\u021bie a opera\u021biei de mutare a datelor, se pot defini limite temporale (fereastra pentru mutare). \u00cen plus, se indic\u0103 \u0219i viteza de relocare \u2013 3 moduri: rapid, mediu, lent.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3745e47ccf8b797e50005b767346dacf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 o necesitate de relocare imediat\u0103 a datelor, exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a o realiza manual \u00een orice moment la comanda administratorului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Este evident c\u0103, cu c\u00e2t mutarea datelor \u00eentre niveluri se face mai des \u0219i mai rapid, cu at\u00e2t cadrul de stocare va fi mai flexibil \u00een adaptarea la condi\u021biile curente de exploatare. Dar, de asemenea, trebuie s\u0103 ne amintim c\u0103 mutarea reprezint\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 (\u00een principal pentru discuri), a\u0219a c\u0103 nu este recomandat s\u0103 'for\u021b\u0103m' datele f\u0103r\u0103 o necesitate extrem\u0103. Este mai bine s\u0103 planific\u0103m mutarea \u00een momentele de minim\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Dac\u0103 activitatea cadrul de stocare necesit\u0103 constant performan\u021be mari \u00een regim 24\/7, atunci ar trebui s\u0103 se reduc\u0103 ritmul de relocare la minimum.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Abunden\u021ba de set\u0103ri pentru tiering va \u00eenc\u00e2nta f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 utilizatorii avansa\u021bi. Totu\u0219i, pentru cei care se confrunt\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 tehnologie pentru prima dat\u0103, nu este nimic de speriat. Se poate avea \u00eencredere \u00een set\u0103rile implicite (politica Auto Tiering, mutare la viteza maxim\u0103 odat\u0103 pe noapte) \u0219i, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce se acumuleaz\u0103 statistici, se pot ajusta anumite parametri pentru a ob\u021bine rezultatul dorit.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Compar\u00e2nd tiering-ul cu o tehnologie la fel de popular\u0103 pentru cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei, cum ar fi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/soft\/san-os-4.0\/ssd-keshirovanie-(qcache-2.0).html\">caching-ul SSD<\/a><\/noindex>, trebuie s\u0103 \u021binem cont de diferitele principii de func\u021bionare ale algoritmilor lor. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>caching-ul SSD<br \/>\nAuto Tiering<\/p>\n<p><b>Viteza de apari\u021bie a efectului<\/b><br \/>\nAproape instantaneu. Dar efectul vizibil apare doar dup\u0103 '\u00eenc\u0103lzirea' cache-ului (minute-ore)<br \/>\nDup\u0103 colectarea statisticilor (de la 2 ore, ideal \u2013 o zi) plus timpul pentru mutarea datelor<\/p>\n<p><b>Durata efectului<\/b><br \/>\nP\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd datele nu sunt \u00eenlocuite cu un nou set (minute-ore)<br \/>\nAtunci c\u00e2nd cererea pentru date este \u00eenc\u0103 relevant\u0103 (o zi sau mai mult)<\/p>\n<p><b>Indica\u021bii de utilizare<\/b><br \/>\nCre\u0219tere instantanee a performan\u021bei pe termen scurt (baze de date, medii de virtualizare)<br \/>\nCre\u0219terea performan\u021bei pe termen lung (servere de fi\u0219iere, web, po\u0219t\u0103)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, una dintre caracteristicile tiering-ului este posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii acestuia nu doar pentru scenarii de tip \u00abSSD + HDD\u00bb, ci \u0219i \u00abHDD rapide + HDD lente\u00bb sau chiar toate cele trei niveluri, ceea ce \u00een cazul aplic\u0103rii caching-ului SSD este, \u00een principiu, imposibil.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Testare<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a verifica func\u021bionarea algoritmilor de tiering, am efectuat un test simplu. A fost creat un pool din dou\u0103 niveluri SSD (RAID 1) + HDD 7.2K (RAID1), pe care am plasat un volum cu politica de \u00abnivel minim\u00bb. Adic\u0103, datele trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00eentotdeauna plasate pe discurile lente.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/4e841cb01d977962dd3783959cc5d7b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f5fb97420eefbd2f94ea7836aada31ba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Interfa\u021ba de gestionare arat\u0103 clar distribu\u021bia datelor \u00eentre niveluri<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 umplerea volumului cu date, am schimbat politica de plasare \u00een Auto Tiering \u0219i am pornit testul IOmeter. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/50eed4f936c5219fd0858f282160408d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva ore de testare, c\u00e2nd sistemul a reu\u0219it s\u0103 acumuleze statistici, a \u00eenceput procesul de relocare.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/51b471973db67e4bd50ea31052046b71.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>La finalizarea mut\u0103rii datelor, volumul nostru de test era complet \u00abmutat\u00bb pe nivelul superior (SSD).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/397f634061669cb32361d42e850bfff2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Caracteristici ale func\u021bion\u0103rii Auto Tiering \u00een sistemele de stocare Qsan XCubeSAN\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/822862fc05d313742772a6e696dc77b9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Verdict<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Auto Tiering \u2013 o tehnologie minunat\u0103, care permite cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei sistemului de stocare cu costuri minime de material \u0219i timp, prin utilizarea mai intens\u0103 a unit\u0103\u021bilor rapide. Aplicabil la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.qsan.su\/\">Qsan <\/a><\/noindex>singura investi\u021bie este licen\u021ba, care se achizi\u021bioneaz\u0103 o dat\u0103 pentru totdeauna, f\u0103r\u0103 limit\u0103ri privind volumul\/num\u0103rul de discuri\/poli\/ etc. Aceast\u0103 func\u021bionalitate este dotat\u0103 cu at\u00e2t de multe op\u021biuni de configurare, \u00eenc\u00e2t poate satisface practic orice cerin\u021be de afaceri. Iar vizualizarea proceselor \u00een interfa\u021b\u0103 va permite gestionarea eficient\u0103 a dispozitivului.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/skilline\/blog\/447520\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Auto Tiering). \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0421\u0425\u0414 Qsan. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0425\u0414, \u044d\u0442\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One 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