{"id":31401,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vosem-oshibok-kotorye-ya-dopuskal-kogda-byl-dzhuniorom\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:05","slug":"vosem-oshibok-kotorye-ya-dopuskal-kogda-byl-dzhuniorom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/vosem-oshibok-kotorye-ya-dopuskal-kogda-byl-dzhuniorom","title":{"rendered":"Opt, erori pe care le-am f\u0103cut c\u00e2nd eram novice","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La \u00eenceputul carierei de dezvoltator, este adesea intimidant: probleme necunoscute apar, trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi multe \u0219i faci alegeri dificile. \u0218i \u00een unele cazuri, gre\u0219im \u00een aceste alegeri. Este complet normal \u0219i nu merit\u0103 s\u0103 te critici pentru asta. Dar ceea ce merit\u0103 s\u0103 faci este s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti experien\u021ba pentru viitor. Eu sunt un dezvoltator senior care, la vremea lui, a f\u0103cut o mul\u021bime de gre\u0219eli. Mai jos voi povesti despre cele mai grave opt gre\u0219eli pe care le-am f\u0103cut c\u00e2nd eram \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eencep\u0103tor \u00een dezvoltare \u0219i voi explica cum le-a\u0219 fi putut evita.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Opt, erori pe care le-am f\u0103cut c\u00e2nd eram novice\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7bb0d0f6d02e01504858a61b60f1c0f9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h4>Am luat prima ofert\u0103 care mi-a fost f\u0103cut\u0103<\/h4>\n<p>\nC\u00e2nd \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 scrii cod singur sau termini studiile universitare, ob\u021binerea primului loc de munc\u0103 devine unul dintre cele mai importante obiective. Este ca un far la cap\u0103tul unui tunel lung.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cens\u0103, g\u0103sirea unui loc de munc\u0103 nu este simpl\u0103. Num\u0103rul de persoane care aplic\u0103 pentru posturi de juniori cre\u0219te tot mai mult. E\u0219ti nevoit <noindex>s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi redactezi un CV excelent<\/noindex>, s\u0103 treci printr-o serie \u00eentreag\u0103 de interviuri, iar de multe ori acest proces se prelunge\u0219te considerabil. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere toate acestea, nu este de mirare c\u0103 orice ofert\u0103 de munc\u0103 creeaz\u0103 o dorin\u021b\u0103 puternic\u0103 de a te ag\u0103\u021ba de ea cu ambele m\u00e2ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i totu\u0219i, aceasta poate fi o idee proast\u0103. Prima mea slujb\u0103 era departe de ideal, at\u00e2t din punctul de vedere al dezvolt\u0103rii profesionale, c\u00e2t \u0219i al pl\u0103cerii de a lucra. Dezvoltatorii urmau deviza \u201elas\u0103 c\u0103 merge \u0219i a\u0219a\u201d \u0219i nu era acceptat un efort suplimentar. To\u021bi \u00eencercau s\u0103 arunce vina unul pe altul, iar eu eram adesea nevoit s\u0103 tai col\u021buri pentru a respecta termenele foarte str\u00e2nse. Dar cel mai r\u0103u era c\u0103 nu \u00eenv\u0103\u021bam nimic.<\/p>\n<p>La interviuri, \u00eentreb\u0103rile de avertizare \u00eemi sc\u0103pau complet, at\u00e2t de fascinant\u0103 era perspectiva de a ob\u021bine un loc de munc\u0103. Dac\u0103 ap\u0103reau \u00eendoieli, toate disp\u0103reau din mintea mea imediat ce auzeam c\u0103 m\u0103 angajeaz\u0103! \u0218i \u00eenc\u0103 la un salariu bun!<\/p>\n<p>\u0218i asta a fost o mare gre\u0219eal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Prima munc\u0103 are o importan\u021b\u0103 enorm\u0103. Ea ofer\u0103 o idee general\u0103 despre cum este s\u0103 fii un programator adev\u0103rat, iar experien\u021ba \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea pe care le vei dob\u00e2ndi de la aceasta pot pune bazele pentru \u00eentreaga ta carier\u0103 viitoare. De aceea, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 te informezi temeinic despre ofert\u0103 \u0219i angajator \u00eenainte de a accepta. O experien\u021b\u0103 grea, mentori slabi \u2014 asta cu siguran\u021b\u0103 nu ai nevoie.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Caut\u0103 informa\u021bii despre companie.<\/b> Parcurge site-uri cu recenzii, viziteaz\u0103 site-ul oficial, pur \u0219i simplu r\u0103sfoie\u0219te Internetul \u0219i adun\u0103 opinii. Astfel, vei \u00een\u021belege mai bine dac\u0103 compania corespunde nevoilor \u0219i obiectivelor tale.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u00centreab\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele.<\/b> Dac\u0103 cineva din cercul t\u0103u a lucrat pentru acest angajator sau cunoa\u0219te pe cineva din echip\u0103, discut\u0103 personal cu ei. Afl\u0103 ce le-a pl\u0103cut, ce nu le-a pl\u0103cut \u0219i cum evalueaz\u0103 \u00een general experien\u021ba.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Nu am pus \u00eentreb\u0103rile necesare la interviuri.<\/h4>\n<p>\nInterviul este cea mai bun\u0103 oportunitate de a te apropia de companie, a\u0219a c\u0103 preg\u0103te\u0219te \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre ceea ce vrei s\u0103 afli de la angaja\u021bi. Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva exemple:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00centreab\u0103 despre procesul de dezvoltare (ce metodologii urmeaz\u0103? se face inspec\u021bia codului? ce strategii de ramificare sunt aplicate?)<\/li>\n<li>\u00centreab\u0103 despre testare (ce teste sunt efectuate? exist\u0103 persoane speciale care se ocup\u0103 doar cu testarea?)<\/li>\n<li>\u00centreab\u0103 despre cultura organiza\u021bional\u0103 (c\u00e2t de informal\u0103 este atmosfera? exist\u0103 vreo asisten\u021b\u0103 pentru juniori?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Nu m-am decis asupra traiectoriei de dezvoltare.<\/h4>\n<p>\nCu siguran\u021b\u0103, drumul spre a deveni un dezvoltator experimentat este foarte sinuos. Acum exist\u0103 posibilitatea de a alege dintr-o multitudine de limbaje, framework-uri \u0219i instrumente. Gre\u0219eala mea la \u00eenceputul carierei a fost c\u0103 am \u00eencercat s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b totul. Fie c\u0103 pare amuzant, acest lucru a dus doar la faptul c\u0103 nu am avansat \u00een mod semnificativ \u00een niciun domeniu. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i m-am apucat de Java, apoi de jQuery, apoi am trecut la C#, de la care \u2014 la C++ ... \u00cen loc s\u0103 aleg un singur limbaj \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eemi concentrez toate eforturile asupra lui, am s\u0103rit de la una la alta, pur \u0219i simplu \u00een func\u021bie de dispozi\u021bie. Te asigur, aceasta este o schem\u0103 de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare extrem de ineficient\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219 fi ob\u021binut rezultate mai bune \u0219i a\u0219 fi avansat mai repede \u00een carier\u0103 dac\u0103 a\u0219 fi decis din timp asupra unei traiectorii, adic\u0103 un set specific de tehnologii, \u0219i m-a\u0219 fi concentrat asupra acestora. De exemplu, dac\u0103 e\u0219ti frontender, st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u0219te JavaScript, CSS\/HTML \u0219i un framework la alegerea ta. Dac\u0103 te ocupi de backend, din nou, ia un limbaj \u0219i studiaz\u0103-l temeinic. Nu trebuie s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti at\u00e2t Python, c\u00e2t \u0219i Java, \u0219i C#.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a c\u0103 concentreaz\u0103-te, stabile\u0219te-\u021bi direc\u021bia \u0219i elaboreaz\u0103 un plan care s\u0103 te ajute s\u0103 devii profesionist pe drumul ales (iat\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chrisblakely.dev\/the-10-minute-road-map-to-becoming-a-junior-full-stack-web-developer\/\">foaia de parcurs<\/a><\/noindex>, care te poate ajuta \u00een asta).<\/p>\n<h4>\u00cemi f\u0103ceam via\u021ba mai complicat\u0103 cu codul<\/h4>\n<p>\nA\u0219adar, preg\u0103te\u0219ti un test pentru a-\u021bi ar\u0103ta abilit\u0103\u021bile angajatorului sau deja te-ai apucat de prima ta sarcin\u0103 la prima ta munc\u0103. Te str\u0103duie\u0219ti s\u0103 impresionezi. Cum po\u021bi ob\u021bine cele mai bune rezultate? Probabil c\u0103 cea mai bun\u0103 abordare este s\u0103 demonstrezi prin execu\u021bie tehnica avansat\u0103 pe care ai \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat-o recent, nu-i a\u0219a?<\/p>\n<p>Nu. Aceasta este o gre\u0219eal\u0103 serioas\u0103 pe care am f\u0103cut-o \u0219i eu, \u0219i o observ \u00een munca altor juniori mai des dec\u00e2t mi-a\u0219 dori. Este foarte comun pentru ei s\u0103 reinventeze roata sau s\u0103 caute solu\u021bii complicate \u00een \u00eencercarea de a-\u0219i etala cuno\u0219tin\u021bele.<\/p>\n<p>Cea mai bun\u0103 abordare \u00een scrierea codului este exprimat\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KISS_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF)\">\u00een principiul KISS<\/a><\/noindex>. C\u0103ut\u00e2nd simplitate, vei ob\u021bine un cod clar, cu care va fi u\u0219or de lucrat \u00een viitor (dezvoltatorul care va veni dup\u0103 tine va aprecia acest lucru).<\/p>\n<h4>Am uitat c\u0103 exist\u0103 via\u021b\u0103 \u00een afara codului<\/h4>\n<p>\nA nu te \u00abdeconecta\u00bb niciodat\u0103 \u2014 este un obicei prost pe care l-am dezvoltat foarte devreme. C\u00e2nd m\u0103 \u00eentorceam acas\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul zilei, luam regulat laptopul de munc\u0103 cu mine \u0219i petreceam ore \u00eentregi \u00een fa\u021ba lui pentru a \u00eencheia o sarcin\u0103 sau a rezolva un bug, de\u0219i ambele ar fi putut foarte bine s\u0103 a\u0219tepte p\u00e2n\u0103 diminea\u021ba. A\u0219a cum era de a\u0219teptat, acest regim genera stres \u0219i m-am epuizat repede.<\/p>\n<p>Motivul pentru acest comportament era, par\u021bial, dorin\u021ba mea de a face totul c\u00e2t mai repede. Cu toate acestea, \u00een realitate, ar fi trebuit s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 muncile sunt un proces pe termen lung, iar, cu rare excep\u021bii, ast\u0103zi nerealiz\u0103rile pot fi am\u00e2nate cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 pentru m\u00e2ine. Este foarte important s\u0103 v\u0103 schimba\u021bi periodic perspectiva \u0219i s\u0103 v\u0103 aminti\u021bi c\u0103 via\u021ba nu se rezum\u0103 doar la munc\u0103 \u2014 exist\u0103 prieteni, familie, hobby-uri \u0219i distrac\u021bii. Desigur, dac\u0103 v\u0103 face pl\u0103cere s\u0103 sta\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 la r\u0103s\u0103rit lucr\u00e2nd la cod, face\u021bi-o! Dar c\u00e2nd aceasta nu mai aduce bucurie, opri\u021bi-v\u0103 \u0219i g\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 dac\u0103 nu ar trebui s\u0103 face\u021bi altceva. Nu lucr\u0103m chiar \u00een ultima zi!<\/p>\n<h4>Am evitat s\u0103 spun: \u201eNu \u0219tiu\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>\nA r\u0103m\u00e2ne blocat \u00een procesul de solu\u021bionare a unei probleme sau de \u00eendeplinire a unei sarcini este un lucru obi\u0219nuit, chiar \u0219i cei mai seniori dintre seniori se confrunt\u0103 cu asta. C\u00e2nd eram junior, spuneam \u201eNu \u0219tiu\u201d mai rar dec\u00e2t ar fi trebuit \u0219i aceasta era o gre\u0219eal\u0103. Dac\u0103 cineva din conducere \u00eemi punea o \u00eentrebare \u0219i eu nu \u0219tiam r\u0103spunsul, \u00eencercam s\u0103 produc un fel de confuzie, \u00een loc s\u0103 recunosc pur \u0219i simplu.<\/p>\n<p>Mi se p\u0103rea c\u0103 dac\u0103 spun \u201eNu \u0219tiu\u201d, oamenii ar avea impresia c\u0103 nu m\u0103 pricep la ceea ce fac. \u00cen realitate, nu este deloc a\u0219a; nu exist\u0103 oameni care s\u0103 \u0219tie tot. A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 cineva v\u0103 \u00eentreab\u0103 despre ceva ce nu \u0219ti\u021bi, spune\u021bi-i. Aceast\u0103 abordare are mai multe avantaje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Este cinstit \u2014 nu induce\u021bi \u00een eroare persoana care \u00eentreab\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Exist\u0103 \u0219ansa ca cineva s\u0103 v\u0103 explice \u0219i astfel s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi ceva nou.<\/li>\n<li>Este un act de respect \u2014 nu oricine poate recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 nu \u0219tie ceva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>M-am gr\u0103bit s\u0103 avansez.<\/h4>\n<p>\nProbabil a\u021bi auzit zicala: \u201e\u00cenainte de a alerga, \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 mergi\u201d. Niciunde nu este mai adev\u0103rat\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een domeniul program\u0103rii web. C\u00e2nd te angajezi prima dat\u0103 ca junior, te face s\u0103 vrei s\u0103 iei taurul de coarne \u0219i s\u0103 te apuci de un proiect mare \u0219i complicat. \u00ce\u021bi trec chiar prin minte g\u00e2nduri despre cum s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigi mai repede o promovare la urm\u0103torul nivel!<\/p>\n<p>Ambi\u021biile sunt, desigur, importante, dar \u00een realitate, nimeni nu \u00eei va oferi unui junior ceva similar de la prima \u00eent\u00e2lnire. La \u00eenceputul carierei, cel mai probabil, vei primi sarcini simple \u0219i bug-uri de corectat. Nu este cea mai interesant\u0103 activitate din lume, dar nu ai de ales. Acest lucru \u00ee\u021bi va permite s\u0103 te familiarizezi treptat cu codul \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi toate procesele. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, superiorii t\u0103i au oportunitatea de a observa cum te integrezi \u00een echip\u0103 \u0219i ce faci cel mai bine.<\/p>\n<p>Gre\u0219eala mea a fost c\u0103 m\u0103 enervam pe aceste sarcini minore \u0219i asta m\u0103 distr\u0103gea de la munc\u0103. Fii r\u0103bd\u0103tor, f\u0103 tot ce \u021bi se cere cu seriozitate \u0219i \u00een cur\u00e2nd vei avea parte de ceva mai interesant.<\/p>\n<h4>Nu m-am implicat \u00een comunitate \u0219i nu mi-am f\u0103cut leg\u0103turi.<\/h4>\n<p>\nDezvoltatorii au o comunitate excelent\u0103: sunt mereu gata s\u0103 ajute, s\u0103 ofere feedback \u0219i chiar s\u0103 \u00eencurajeze. Programarea este un domeniu complex \u0219i uneori foarte epuizant. Pentru mine, perioada de junior ar fi fost mai u\u0219oar\u0103 dac\u0103 a\u0219 fi \u00eenceput s\u0103 comunic activ cu colegii de la bun \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n<p>Contactele cu comunitatea sunt, de asemenea, foarte utile pentru autoeduca\u021bie. Po\u021bi contribui la proiecte open-source, studia codul altora, observa cum programatorii colaboreaz\u0103 \u00een proiecte. Toate acestea sunt abilit\u0103\u021bi pe care le po\u021bi folosi la locul de munc\u0103 principal \u0219i care, \u00een timp, te vor face un specialist bun.<\/p>\n<p>Alege comunit\u0103\u021bi care te intereseaz\u0103 \u2014 printre op\u021biuni a\u0219 putea men\u021biona freeCodeCamp, CodeNewbies, 100DaysOfCode \u2014 \u0219i implic\u0103-te! De asemenea, po\u021bi participa la \u00eent\u00e2lniri locale \u00een ora\u0219ul t\u0103u (caut\u0103 pe meetup.com).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, \u00een acest fel vei putea dezvolta rela\u021bii profesionale. Practic, rela\u021biile sunt pur \u0219i simplu acei oameni din domeniul t\u0103u cu care comunici. De ce sunt acestea importante? Ei bine, s\u0103 spunem c\u0103 \u00eentr-o zi vrei s\u0103 schimbi locul de munc\u0103. Dac\u0103 te adresezi rela\u021biilor tale, cineva s-ar putea s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi recomande un loc de munc\u0103 potrivit sau chiar s\u0103 te recomande angajatorului. Aceasta \u00ee\u021bi va oferi un avantaj considerabil la interviu \u2014 cineva a vorbit deja \u00een favoarea ta, nu mai e\u0219ti \u201e\u00eenc\u0103 un CV dintr-un teanc\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Asta e tot, mul\u021bumesc pentru aten\u021bie!<br \/>\n<br \/>Surs\u0103: habr.com<\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e 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