{"id":31446,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/aktualnye-innovatsii-chego-zhdat-ot-rynka-tsod-v-2019-godu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:19","slug":"aktualnye-innovatsii-chego-zhdat-ot-rynka-tsod-v-2019-godu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/aktualnye-innovatsii-chego-zhdat-ot-rynka-tsod-v-2019-godu","title":{"rendered":"Inova\u021bii actuale: ce s\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103m de la pia\u021ba centrele de date \u00een 2019?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Construirea centrelor de date este considerat\u0103 una dintre cele mai dinamic dezvolt\u00e2nd industrii. Progresul din acest domeniu este colossal, dar va ap\u0103rea \u00een cur\u00e2nd pe pia\u021b\u0103 vreun fel de solu\u021bii tehnologice revolu\u021bionare \u2013 este o \u00eentrebare mare. Ast\u0103zi, vom \u00eencerca s\u0103 analiz\u0103m principalele tendin\u021be de inova\u021bie \u00een dezvoltarea centrelor de date la nivel global, pentru a r\u0103spunde la aceasta.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Direc\u021bia c\u0103tre Hyperscale <\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Dezvoltarea tehnologiilor informa\u021biei a dus la necesitatea construirii de centre de date foarte mari. \u00cen principal, infrastructura hyperscale este necesar\u0103 furnizorilor de servicii cloud \u0219i re\u021belelor sociale: Amazon, Microsoft, IBM, Google \u0219i al\u021bi juc\u0103tori mari. \u00cen aprilie 2017, \u00een lume existau<\/a><\/noindex> 320 astfel de centre de date, iar \u00een decembrie num\u0103rul a crescut deja la 390. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2020, se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 num\u0103rul centrelor de date hyperscale va ajunge la 500, conform prognozelor speciali\u0219tilor de la Synergy Research. Majoritatea acestor centre sunt situate \u00een SUA, iar aceast\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 se men\u021bine deocamdat\u0103, \u00een ciuda ritmului rapid de construc\u021bie din regiunea Asia-Pacific, observat<\/a><\/noindex> de anali\u0219tii Cisco Systems. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Toate centrele de date hyperscale sunt considerate corporative \u0219i nu ofer\u0103 locuri \u00een rackuri. Acestea sunt folosite pentru a crea cloud-uri publice, legate de internetul obiectelor \u0219i servicii bazate pe tehnologii de inteligen\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103, precum \u0219i \u00een alte ni\u0219e unde este necesar\u0103 procesarea unor volume uria\u0219e de date. Proprietarii experimenteaz\u0103 activ cu cre\u0219terea densit\u0103\u021bii de putere pe rack, servere f\u0103r\u0103 carcas\u0103, r\u0103cire cu lichid, cre\u0219terea temperaturii \u00een s\u0103lile de servere \u0219i solu\u021bii specializate diverse. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cre\u0219terea popularit\u0103\u021bii serviciilor cloud, Hyperscale va deveni \u00een viitorul apropiat principalul motor de cre\u0219tere al industriei: aici ne putem a\u0219tepta la apari\u021bia unor solu\u021bii tehnologice interesante din partea produc\u0103torilor de echipamente IT \u0219i sisteme ingineresti de frunte.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Calculul de margine<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 notabil\u0103 este exact opusul: \u00een ultimii ani au fost construite foarte multe micro-centre de date. Conform prognozelor Research and Markets, aceast\u0103 pia\u021b\u0103 va cre\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> de la 2 miliarde de dolari \u00een 2017 la 8 miliarde p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2022. Acest lucru este legat de dezvoltarea internetului lucrurilor \u0219i a internetului industrial al lucrurilor. Centrele de date mari sunt situate prea departe de sistemele de automatizare a proceselor de produc\u021bie la fa\u021ba locului. Ele se ocup\u0103 cu sarcini pentru care nu sunt necesare m\u0103sur\u0103tori de la fiecare dintre milioanele de senzori. Prelucrarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a datelor este cel mai bine realizat\u0103 acolo unde sunt generate, iar informa\u021biile utile sunt apoi trimise pe distan\u021be lungi \u00een cloud. Acest fenomen a primit un termen special - calcul de margine sau Edge computing. Din punctul nostru de vedere, acesta este al doilea cel mai important trend \u00een dezvoltarea construc\u021biei de centre de date, care conduce la apari\u021bia de produse inovatoare pe pia\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

B\u0103t\u0103lia pentru PUE<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Centrele de date mari consum\u0103 o cantitate enorm\u0103 de energie electric\u0103 \u0219i genereaz\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103, care trebuie cumva gestionat\u0103. P\u00e2n\u0103 la 40% din consumul de energie al unei unit\u0103\u021bi este atribuit sistemelor tradi\u021bionale de r\u0103cire, iar \u00een lupta pentru reducerea costurilor energetice, cei mai mari du\u0219mani sunt considera\u021bi compresoarele unit\u0103\u021bilor de r\u0103cire. Solu\u021biile care permit eliminarea complet\u0103 sau par\u021bial\u0103 a utiliz\u0103rii acestora, numite frikuling, c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 popularitate. \u00cen schema clasic\u0103, sunt utilizate sisteme de chillere cu ap\u0103 sau solu\u021bii de ap\u0103 cu alcool polihidroxilat (glicoli) ca agent de r\u0103cire. \u00cen timpul iernii, un bloc compresor-condensator al chiller-ului nu se activeaz\u0103, ceea ce reduce semnificativ costurile energetice. Solu\u021bii mai interesante se bazeaz\u0103 pe o schem\u0103 cu dou\u0103 circuite aer-aer cu schimb\u0103toare de c\u0103ldur\u0103 rotative \u0219i o sec\u021biune de r\u0103cire adiabatica sau f\u0103r\u0103 aceasta. Se experimenteaz\u0103 \u0219i cu r\u0103cirea direct\u0103 cu aer extern, dar aceste solu\u021bii nu pot fi considerate inovatoare. La fel ca sistemele clasice, ele presupun r\u0103cirea aerului echipamentelor IT, iar limita de eficien\u021b\u0103 a unei astfel de scheme a fost practic atins\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Reducerea ulterioar\u0103 a PUE (raportul consumului total de energie la consumul de energie al echipamentului IT) va fi realizat\u0103 prin schemele de r\u0103cire cu lichid, care c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 popularitate. Aici merit\u0103 s\u0103 ne amintim de un proiect ini\u021biat de corpora\u021bia Microsoft proiect <\/a><\/noindex>despre crearea centrelor de date modulare subacvatice, precum \u0219i despre conceptul centrelor de date flotante Google. Ideile gigantilor tehnologici sunt \u00eenc\u0103 departe de a deveni o realitate industrial\u0103, dar sistemele de r\u0103cire cu lichid mai pu\u021bin fantastice func\u021bioneaz\u0103 deja \u00een diferite loca\u021bii, de la supercomputerele din Top500 p\u00e2n\u0103 la micro-centre de date. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul r\u0103cirii prin contact, echipamentele sunt dotate cu schimb\u0103toare de c\u0103ldur\u0103 speciale, \u00een interiorul c\u0103rora circul\u0103 un lichid. Sistemele de r\u0103cire prin imersie utilizeaz\u0103 un mediu de lucru dielectric (de obicei, ulei mineral) \u0219i pot fi realizate fie sub form\u0103 de un container etan\u0219 general, fie sub form\u0103 de carcase individuale pentru modulele de calcul. Sistemele de tip cu aburire (bifazice) arat\u0103, la prima vedere, asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu cele de imersie. Acestea utilizeaz\u0103, de asemenea, lichide dielectrice care contacteaz\u0103 electronica, dar exist\u0103 \u0219i o diferen\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 \u2013 mediul de lucru \u00eencepe s\u0103 fiarb\u0103 la temperaturi de aproximativ 34 \u00b0C (sau pu\u021bin mai sus). Din cursul fizicii \u0219tim c\u0103 acest proces se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cu absorb\u021bia de energie, temperatura nu mai cre\u0219te, iar la o \u00eenc\u0103lzire suplimentar\u0103 lichidul se evapor\u0103, adic\u0103 are loc o tranzi\u021bie de faz\u0103. \u00cen partea superioar\u0103 a containerului etan\u0219, vaporizarea intr\u0103 \u00een contact cu radiatorul \u0219i se condenseaz\u0103, iar pic\u0103turile se \u00eentorc \u00een rezervorul comun. Sistemele de r\u0103cire cu lichid permit atingerea unor valori fantastice PUE (\u00een jur de 1,03), dar necesit\u0103 modific\u0103ri semnificative ale echipamentului de calcul \u0219i cooperarea produc\u0103torilor. \u00cen prezent, acestea sunt considerate cele mai inovatoare \u0219i promi\u021b\u0103toare. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Concluzii<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Pentru construirea centrelor de date moderne au fost g\u00e2ndite numeroase abord\u0103ri tehnologice interesante. Produc\u0103torii ofer\u0103 solu\u021bii integrate hiperconvergente, se construiesc re\u021bele definite prin software, iar chiar \u0219i centrele de date devin definite prin software. Pentru cre\u0219terea eficien\u021bei obiectelor, sunt instalate nu doar sisteme inovative de r\u0103cire, ci \u0219i solu\u021bii hardware-software de tip DCIM, care permit optimizarea func\u021bion\u0103rii infrastructurii ingineresti pe baza datelor de la numero\u0219i senzori. Unele inova\u021bii nu \u00ee\u0219i justific\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103rile alocate. Solu\u021biile modulare de tip container, de exemplu, nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 centrele de date tradi\u021bionale din beton sau structuri metalice prefabricate, de\u0219i sunt utilizate activ acolo unde puterea de calcul trebuie desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 rapid. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, centrele de date tradi\u021bionale devin ele \u00eensele modulare, dar la un nivel complet diferit. Progresul din industrie avanseaz\u0103 foarte rapid, de\u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 salturi tehnologice \u2013 inova\u021biile men\u021bionate de noi au ap\u0103rut pentru prima dat\u0103 pe pia\u021b\u0103 acum c\u00e2\u021biva ani. Anul 2019 \u00een acest sens nu va face excep\u021bie \u0219i nu va aduce progrese evidente. \u00cen era digital\u0103, chiar \u0219i cea mai fantastic\u0103 inven\u021bie devine rapid o solu\u021bie tehnic\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103.<\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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