{"id":31832,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-vnedrit-iso-27001-instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:24","slug":"kak-vnedrit-iso-27001-instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-vnedrit-iso-27001-instruktsiya-po-primeneniyu","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 implementa\u021bi ISO 27001: instruc\u021biuni de aplicare","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cum
\n
\n\u00cen prezent, problema securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei (denumit\u0103 \u00een continuare \u2013 SI) pentru companii reprezint\u0103 una dintre cele mai relevante \u00een lume. \u0218i nu este de mirare, deoarece \u00een multe \u021b\u0103ri se intensific\u0103 cerin\u021bele pentru organiza\u021biile care p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u0219i prelucreaz\u0103 date personale. \u00cen prezent, legisla\u021bia din Rusia impune p\u0103strarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi semnificative a documenta\u021biei \u00een format fizic. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 o tendin\u021b\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 c\u0103tre digitalizare: multe companii deja p\u0103streaz\u0103 o cantitate mare de informa\u021bii confiden\u021biale at\u00e2t \u00een format digital, c\u00e2t \u0219i sub form\u0103 de documente pe h\u00e2rtie.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nConform sondajului <\/a><\/noindex>centrului analitic Anti-Malware, 86% dintre responden\u021bi au men\u021bionat c\u0103, \u00een decursul unui an, au fost nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 regleze incidente cauzate de atacuri cibernetice sau din cauza nerespect\u0103rii de c\u0103tre utilizatori a reglement\u0103rilor stabilite. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, aten\u021bia prioritar\u0103 asupra securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei \u00een afaceri a devenit o necesitate.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, securitatea informa\u021bional\u0103 corporativ\u0103 nu este doar un complex de solu\u021bii tehnice, cum ar fi antivirusuri sau firewall-uri, ci reprezint\u0103 o abordare complex\u0103 privind gestionarea activelor companiei \u00een ansamblu \u0219i a informa\u021biei \u2013 \u00een special. Companiile abordeaz\u0103 diferit solu\u021bionarea acestor probleme. Ast\u0103zi, dorim s\u0103 vorbim despre implementarea standardului interna\u021bional ISO 27001 ca solu\u021bie pentru o astfel de problem\u0103. Pentru companiile de pe pia\u021ba rus\u0103, de\u021binerea unui astfel de certificat faciliteaz\u0103 interac\u021biunea cu clien\u021bi \u0219i parteneri str\u0103ini, care au cerin\u021be ridicate \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103. ISO 27001 este larg aplicat \u00een Occident \u0219i acoper\u0103 cerin\u021bele din domeniul SI pe care solu\u021biile tehnice utilizate trebuie s\u0103 le respecte, precum \u0219i s\u0103 contribuie la construirea proceselor de afaceri. Astfel, acest standard poate deveni un avantaj competitiv \u0219i un punct de contact cu companiile str\u0103ine.
\n\"Cum
\nAceast\u0103 certificare a Sistemului de Management al Securit\u0103\u021bii Informa\u021biei (numit \u00een continuare \u2013 SMSI) a adunat cele mai bune practici de proiectare a SMSI-ului \u0219i, ceea ce este la fel de important, a prev\u0103zut posibilitatea de a alege instrumente de management pentru a asigura func\u021bionarea sistemului, cerin\u021bele pentru asigurarea tehnologic\u0103 a securit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i chiar pentru procesul de management al personalului din cadrul companiei. Este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 defec\u021biunile tehnice sunt doar o parte a problemei. \u00cen problemele de securitate informa\u021bional\u0103, factorul uman joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial, eliminarea sau minimizarea acestuia fiind semnificativ mai complicat\u0103. <\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 compania dvs. inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 certificarea conform standardului ISO 27001, este posibil s\u0103 fi \u00eencercat deja s\u0103 g\u0103si\u021bi o cale u\u0219oar\u0103 de a face acest lucru. Va trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 dezam\u0103gim: nu exist\u0103 c\u0103i u\u0219oare \u00een acest sens. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 pa\u0219i specifici care pot ajuta la preg\u0103tirea organiza\u021biei pentru cerin\u021bele interna\u021bionale de securitate informa\u021bional\u0103: <\/p>\n

1. Ob\u021bine\u021bi suport din partea conducerii<\/b><\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi considera acest lucru evident, dar \u00een practic\u0103 acest aspect este adesea omis. Mai mult, acesta este unul dintre motivele principale pentru care proiectele de implementare a standardului ISO 27001 e\u0219ueaz\u0103 frecvent. F\u0103r\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea semnifica\u021biei proiectului de implementare a standardului, conducerea nu va aloca nici suficiente resurse umane, nici un buget adecvat pentru certificare. <\/p>\n

2. Elabora\u021bi un plan de preg\u0103tire pentru certificare<\/b><\/p>\n

Preg\u0103tirea pentru certificarea conform ISO 27001 este o sarcin\u0103 complex\u0103 care implic\u0103 diferite tipuri de lucr\u0103ri, necesit\u0103 implicarea unui num\u0103r mare de oameni \u0219i poate dura luni (sau chiar ani). De aceea, este foarte important s\u0103 elabora\u021bi un plan detaliat al proiectului: s\u0103 distribui\u021bi resursele, timpul \u0219i implicarea persoanelor \u00een sarcini bine definite \u0219i s\u0103 monitoriza\u021bi respectarea termenelor limit\u0103 \u2013 altfel, s-ar putea s\u0103 nu termina\u021bi niciodat\u0103 lucr\u0103rile.<\/p>\n

3. Defini\u021bi perimetrul certific\u0103rii<\/b><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o organiza\u021bie mare cu o activitate diversificat\u0103, poate avea sens s\u0103 certifica\u021bi conform ISO 27001 doar o parte din afacerea companiei, ceea ce va reduce semnificativ riscurile proiectului dvs., precum \u0219i termenele \u0219i costurile acestuia. <\/p>\n

4. Elabora\u021bi o politic\u0103 de securitate informa\u021bional\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n

Unul dintre cele mai importante documente este Politica de securitate a informa\u021biilor a companiei. Aceasta ar trebui s\u0103 reflecte obiectivele companiei dumneavoastr\u0103 \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor \u0219i principiile de baz\u0103 ale gestion\u0103rii securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei, care trebuie respectate de to\u021bi angaja\u021bii. Sarcina acestui document este s\u0103 defineasc\u0103 ce vrea conducerea companiei s\u0103 realizeze \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei, precum \u0219i modul \u00een care aceasta va fi implementat\u0103 \u0219i monitorizat\u0103.<\/p>\n

5. Defini\u021bi metodologia de evaluare a riscurilor<\/b><\/p>\n

Una dintre cele mai dificile sarcini este determinarea regulilor de evaluare \u0219i gestionare a riscurilor. Este important s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi ce riscuri compania poate considera acceptabile \u0219i care necesit\u0103 ac\u021biuni imediate pentru reducerea lor. F\u0103r\u0103 aceste reguli, sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei nu va func\u021biona.
\n\u00cen acest sens, trebuie s\u0103 ne amintim de adecvarea m\u0103surilor adoptate pentru reducerea riscurilor. Nu trebuie s\u0103 exagera\u021bi cu procesul de optimizare, deoarece acesta poate implica, de asemenea, costuri mari de timp sau financiare sau poate fi pur \u0219i simplu imposibil de implementat. V\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi principiul \"suficien\u021bei minime\" \u00een dezvoltarea m\u0103surilor de reducere a riscurilor.<\/p>\n

6. Gestioneaz\u0103 riscurile conform metodologiei aprobate<\/b><\/p>\n

Urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 este aplicarea consecvent\u0103 a metodologiei de gestionare a riscurilor, adic\u0103 evaluarea \u0219i procesarea acestora. Acest proces trebuie realizat pe o baz\u0103 regulat\u0103, cu o mare aten\u021bie. Men\u021bin\u00e2nd registrul de riscuri de securitate a informa\u021biei actualizat, ve\u021bi putea aloca eficient resursele companiei \u0219i preveni incidente grave. <\/p>\n

7. Planifica\u021bi procesarea riscurilor<\/b><\/p>\n

Riscurile care dep\u0103\u0219esc nivelul acceptabil pentru compania dumneavoastr\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie incluse \u00een planul de procesare a riscurilor. Acesta ar trebui s\u0103 documenteze ac\u021biunile menite s\u0103 reduc\u0103 riscurile, precum \u0219i persoanele responsabile \u0219i termenele. <\/p>\n

8. Completa\u021bi Documentul de aplicabilitate<\/b><\/p>\n

Acesta este un document cheie, care va fi examinat de speciali\u0219tii din organismul de certificare \u00een timpul auditului. \u00cen el ar trebui s\u0103 fie descrise mecanismele de control \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei aplicabile activit\u0103\u021bii companiei dumneavoastr\u0103. <\/p>\n

9. Defini\u021bi cum va fi m\u0103surat\u0103 eficien\u021ba m\u0103surilor de control al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei<\/b><\/p>\n

Orice ac\u021biune ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 un rezultat care s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la \u00eendeplinirea obiectivelor stabilite. Prin urmare, este important s\u0103 defini\u021bi clar pe ce criterii va fi m\u0103surat\u0103 atingerea obiectivelor at\u00e2t pentru \u00eentreaga sistem de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru fiecare mecanism de control selectat din Anexa de aplicabilitate.<\/p>\n

10. Implementa\u021bi m\u0103suri de control al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0218i doar dup\u0103 realizarea tuturor pa\u0219ilor anteriori, trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u021bi implementarea m\u0103surilor de control aplicabile din Anexa de aplicabilitate. Cea mai mare dificultate aici va fi, desigur, integrarea unui nou mod de ac\u021biune \u00een multe procese ale organiza\u021biei dumneavoastr\u0103. Oamenii tend s\u0103 reziste noilor politici \u0219i proceduri, a\u0219a c\u0103 acorda\u021bi aten\u021bie urm\u0103torului punct.<\/p>\n

11. Implementa\u021bi programe de formare pentru angaja\u021bi<\/b><\/p>\n

Toate punctele descrise mai sus vor fi inutile dac\u0103 angaja\u021bii dumneavoastr\u0103 nu \u00een\u021beleg importan\u021ba proiectului \u0219i nu ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 conform politicilor de securitate a informa\u021biilor. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi ca personalul s\u0103 respecte toate noile reguli, mai \u00eent\u00e2i trebuie s\u0103 explica\u021bi oamenilor de ce sunt necesare \u0219i apoi s\u0103 organiza\u021bi o formare privind sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor, subliniind toate politicile importante pe care angaja\u021bii trebuie s\u0103 le ia \u00een considerare \u00een activitatea lor zilnic\u0103. Lipsa form\u0103rii personalului este o cauz\u0103 frecvent\u0103 a e\u0219ecului proiectului ISO 27001.<\/p>\n

12. Sus\u021bine\u021bi procesele sistemului de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, ISO 27001 devine rutin\u0103 zilnic\u0103 \u00een organiza\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103. Pentru a confirma implementarea m\u0103surilor de control al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor conform standardului, auditorii vor necesita \u00eenregistr\u0103ri \u2013 dovezi ale func\u021bion\u0103rii reale a mecanismelor de control. Dar, \u00eenainte de toate, \u00eenregistr\u0103rile ar trebui s\u0103 ajute la urm\u0103rirea faptului c\u0103 angaja\u021bii dumneavoastr\u0103 (\u0219i furnizorii) \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplinesc sarcinile conform regulilor aprobate.<\/p>\n

13. Monitoriza\u021bi sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor<\/b><\/p>\n

Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 cu sistemul dumneavoastr\u0103 de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor? C\u00e2te incidente ave\u021bi \u0219i ce tipuri sunt acestea? Toate procedurile sunt respectate corespunz\u0103tor? Prin aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri, trebuie s\u0103 verifica\u021bi dac\u0103 compania atinge obiectivele \u00een materie de securitate informa\u021bional\u0103. Dac\u0103 nu, trebuie s\u0103 elabora\u021bi un plan de remediere. <\/p>\n

14. Efectua\u021bi audituri interne ale sistemului de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor<\/b><\/p>\n

Scopul auditului intern este de a identifica neconformit\u0103\u021bile dintre procesele reale din companie \u0219i politicile aprobate \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biilor. \u00cen cea mai mare parte, aceasta este o verificare a modului \u00een care angaja\u021bii dvs. respect\u0103 regulile. Acesta este un aspect foarte important, deoarece dac\u0103 nu controla\u021bi activitatea personalului, organiza\u021biei poate fi cauzat un prejudiciu (inten\u021bionat sau neinten\u021bionat). Dar sarcina aici nu este de a g\u0103si vinova\u021bi \u0219i de a le aplica sanc\u021biuni disciplinare pentru nerespectarea politicilor, ci de a corecta situa\u021bia \u0219i de a preveni problemele viitoare.<\/p>\n

15. Organiza\u021bi o analiz\u0103 din partea conducerii<\/b><\/p>\n

Conducerea nu ar trebui s\u0103 configureze firewall-ul dvs., dar ar trebui s\u0103 fie la curent cu ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei: de exemplu, dac\u0103 to\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplinesc responsabilit\u0103\u021bile \u0219i dac\u0103 sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei atinge rezultate \u021bint\u0103. Pe baza acestui lucru, conducerea ar trebui s\u0103 ia decizii esen\u021biale pentru \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea sistemului de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei \u0219i a proceselor de afaceri interne.<\/p>\n

16. Introduce\u021bi un sistem de ac\u021biuni corective \u0219i preventive<\/b><\/p>\n

A\u0219a cum orice standard ISO 27001 cerin\u021ba de \u00ab\u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire continu\u0103\u00bb: corectarea sistematic\u0103 \u0219i prevenirea neconformit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een sistemul de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei. Cu ajutorul ac\u021biunilor corective \u0219i preventive, se poate corecta neconformitatea \u0219i se poate preveni reapari\u021bia acesteia \u00een viitor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen concluzie, dorim s\u0103 spunem c\u0103, de fapt, a ob\u021bine certificarea este mult mai complicat dec\u00e2t este descris \u00een diverse surse. O dovad\u0103 a acestui fapt este c\u0103, \u00een Rusia, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, doar 78 de companii<\/a><\/noindex> au ob\u021binut certificarea de conformitate. \u00cen timp ce \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate, acest standard este unul dintre cele mai populare, r\u0103spunz\u00e2nd cerin\u021belor \u00een cre\u0219tere ale afacerilor \u00een domeniul securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei. Aceast\u0103 cerere de implementare este determinat\u0103 nu numai de cre\u0219terea \u0219i complexificarea tipurilor de amenin\u021b\u0103ri, ci \u0219i de cerin\u021bele legisla\u021biei, precum \u0219i de clien\u021bi, care necesit\u0103 p\u0103strarea confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii totale a datelor lor.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i ob\u021binerea certific\u0103rii sistemului de management al securit\u0103\u021bii informa\u021biei este o sarcin\u0103 dificil\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 faptul c\u0103 sunt respectate cerin\u021bele standardului interna\u021bional ISO\/IEC 27001 poate oferi un avantaj competitiv serios pe pia\u021ba global\u0103. Sper\u0103m c\u0103 articolul nostru a oferit o \u00een\u021belegere ini\u021bial\u0103 a pa\u0219ilor cheie \u00een preg\u0103tirea companiei pentru certificare.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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