{"id":31906,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:53","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:53","slug":"sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing","title":{"rendered":"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tema redundan\u021bei \u00een sistemele de stocare a datelor este \u00eentotdeauna actual\u0103, deoarece \u00een epoca noastr\u0103 de virtualizare \u0219i consolidare a resurselor, SCD reprezint\u0103 acel link al c\u0103rui e\u0219ec va conduce nu doar la o avarie obi\u0219nuit\u0103, ci \u0219i la opriri prelungite ale serviciilor. Prin urmare, modernele SCD includ o mul\u021bime de componente duplicate (p\u00e2n\u0103 la controlere). Dar, este oare suficient\u0103 o astfel de protec\u021bie?<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/47fc590f7b0a1f8353f61bf8461ec9b8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>To\u021bi furnizorii, enumer\u00e2nd caracteristicile SCD, men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna redundan\u021ba \u00eenalt\u0103 a solu\u021biilor lor, ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd neap\u0103rat termenul \"f\u0103r\u0103 punct unic de defectare\". Hai s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m mai atent la un sistem tipic de stocare a datelor. Pentru a exclude oprirea \u00een timpul \u00eentre\u021binerii, \u00een SCD sunt duplicate unit\u0103\u021bile de alimentare, modulele de r\u0103cire, porturile de intrare\/ie\u0219ire, unit\u0103\u021bile de stocare (ne referim aici la RAID) \u0219i, desigur, controlerele. Dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m atent la aceast\u0103 arhitectur\u0103, putem observa, cel pu\u021bin, dou\u0103 puncte poten\u021biale de defectare de care se tace cu modestie:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Prezen\u021ba unui singur backplane<\/li>\n<li>Prezen\u021ba unei singure copii a datelor<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Backplane-ul este un dispozitiv tehnic complex, care este supus unor teste serioase \u00een timpul produc\u021biei. De aceea, cazurile \u00een care acesta se defecteaz\u0103 complet sunt extrem de rare. Totu\u0219i, chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul unor probleme par\u021biale, precum un slot de stocare nefunc\u021bional, va necesita \u00eenlocuirea sa cu o oprire complet\u0103 a SCD-ului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Crearea mai multor copii ale datelor nu reprezint\u0103, la prima vedere, o problem\u0103. De exemplu, func\u021bionalitatea Clone \u00een SCD, care permite actualizarea periodic\u0103 a unei copii complete a datelor, este destul de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103. Totu\u0219i, \u00een cazul unor probleme cu acela\u0219i backplane, copia va fi la fel de inaccesibil\u0103 ca \u0219i originalul. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O solu\u021bie evident\u0103 pentru a dep\u0103\u0219i aceste dezavantaje este replicarea c\u0103tre un alt sistem de stocare. Dac\u0103 ignor\u0103m dublarea costurilor echipamentului (de\u0219i presupunem c\u0103 cei care aleg aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie g\u00e2ndesc ra\u021bional \u0219i iau \u00een considerare acest aspect din timp), mai r\u0103m\u00e2n unele cheltuieli pentru organizarea replic\u0103rii sub form\u0103 de licen\u021be, software \u0219i hardware suplimentar. \u0218i, cel mai important, va fi necesar s\u0103 asigur\u0103m \u00eentr-un fel consisten\u021ba datelor replicate. Adic\u0103, s\u0103 construim un virtualizator de sistem de stocare\/vSAN\/etc., ceea ce necesit\u0103, de asemenea, resurse financiare \u0219i temporale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/\">AccelStor <\/a><\/noindex>\u00een crearea sistemelor sale de High Availability, scopul a fost s\u0103 elimine dezavantajele men\u021bionate mai sus. Astfel, a ap\u0103rut interpretarea tehnologiei Shared Nothing, care \u00een traducere liber\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201ef\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea dispozitivelor comune\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Conceptul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/modeli-vysokoj-dostupnosti-ha\">Shared Nothing<\/a><\/noindex> architecture reprezint\u0103 utilizarea a dou\u0103 noduri independente (controlere), fiecare av\u00e2nd propriul set de date. \u00centre noduri se realizeaz\u0103 replicarea sincron\u0103 prin intermediul interfe\u021bei InfiniBand 56G, complet transparent\u0103 pentru software-ul care ruleaz\u0103 deasupra sistemului de stocare. Drept urmare, nu este necesar\u0103 utilizarea virtualizatoarelor de sistem de stocare, agen\u021bilor software etc.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Solu\u021bia fizic\u0103 cu dou\u0103 noduri de la AccelStor poate fi realizat\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 modele:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/product\/neosapphire-h510\">H510<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 bazat\u0103 pe servere Twin \u00eentr-un carcas\u0103 de 2U, dac\u0103 se solicit\u0103 o performan\u021b\u0103 moderat\u0103 \u0219i capacitate de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 22TB;<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/product\/neosapphire-h710\">H710<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 bazat\u0103 pe servere separate de 2U, dac\u0103 se dore\u0219te o performan\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 \u0219i o capacitate mare (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 57TB).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/58d7600872e0ffcb5c87795c80de2c32.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Modelul H510 bazat pe server Twin<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/0c6aae3bbca60536aaeb1cd92dd86ce8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Modelul H710 bazat pe servere separate<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Utilizarea diferitelor formate este determinat\u0103 de necesitatea unui num\u0103r diferit de SSD-uri pentru a atinge volumul \u0219i performan\u021ba dorite. \u00cen plus, platforma Twin este mai ieftin\u0103 \u0219i permite oferirea de solu\u021bii mai accesibile din punct de vedere financiar, chiar dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un anumit \u201edezavantaj\u201d conven\u021bional sub forma unui backplane unic. Tot restul, inclusiv principiile de func\u021bionare, pentru ambele modele este complet identic.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Setul de date de la fiecare nod are dou\u0103 grupuri <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-technology\">FlexiRemap<\/a><\/noindex>, plus 2 hot spare. Fiecare grup este capabil s\u0103 reziste defect\u0103rii unui SSD. Toate cererile de scriere c\u0103tre nod sunt conform <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-advantages\">ideologiei<\/a><\/noindex> FlexiRemap reorganizeaz\u0103 datele \u00een secven\u021be de blocuri de 4KB, care sunt apoi scrise pe SSD \u00een cel mai confortabil mod pentru acestea (scriere secven\u021bial\u0103). Confirmarea scrierii c\u0103tre gazd\u0103 este emis\u0103 doar dup\u0103 plasarea fizic\u0103 a datelor pe SSD, adic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 stocare \u00een RAM. Drept urmare, se ob\u021bine o performan\u021b\u0103 impresionant\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 600K IOPS la scriere \u0219i 1M+ IOPS la citire (modelul H710).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat anterior, sincronizarea seturilor de date are loc \u00een timp real prin intermediul interfe\u021bei InfiniBand 56G, care ofer\u0103 l\u0103\u021bimi de band\u0103 ridicate \u0219i laten\u021be sc\u0103zute. Pentru a folosi c\u00e2t mai eficient canalul de comunicare \u00een timpul transferului de pachete mici. Deoarece canalul de comunicare este unic, pentru o verificare suplimentar\u0103 a st\u0103rii se utilizeaz\u0103 un link dedicat de 1GbE. Prin intermediul acestuia se transmite doar semnalul heartbeat, astfel c\u0103 nu sunt impuse cerin\u021be privind caracteristicile de vitez\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul \u00een care capacitatea sistemului este crescut\u0103 (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 400+ TB) prin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/moduli-rasshireniya\">rafturi de expansiune<\/a><\/noindex> acestea sunt, de asemenea, conectate \u00een perechi pentru a respecta conceptul de \u201ef\u0103r\u0103 punct unic de defectare\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru o protec\u021bie suplimentar\u0103 a datelor (\u00een afar\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 AccelStor are deja dou\u0103 copii) este utilizat un algoritm special de comportament \u00een cazul \u00een care un SSD e\u0219ueaz\u0103. Dac\u0103 SSD-ul se defecteaz\u0103, nodul va \u00eencepe reconstruirea datelor pe unul dintre driverele hot spare. Grupul FlexiRemap, aflat \u00een stare degradat\u0103, va trece \u00een modul read only. Acest lucru se face pentru a exclude interferen\u021bele \u00eentre opera\u021biunile de scriere \u0219i reconstruire pe discul de rezerv\u0103, ceea ce, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, accelereaz\u0103 procesul de recuperare \u0219i reduce timpul \u00een care sistemul este poten\u021bial vulnerabil. La finalizarea reconstruirii, nodul revine la modul normal de lucru read-write. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8e0d67ff4d803f575e007df424b8ba14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Desigur, ca \u0219i \u00een cazul altor sisteme, performan\u021ba general\u0103 scade \u00een timpul reconstruirii (deoarece o grup\u0103 FlexiRemap nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la scriere). Dar procesul de recuperare se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 c\u00e2t mai repede posibil, ceea ce diferen\u021biaz\u0103 sistemele AccelStor de solu\u021biile altor furnizori.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 util\u0103 a tehnologiei Nothing Shared \u00een arhitectura nodurilor este func\u021bionarea lor \u00een a\u0219a-numitul mod true active-active. Spre deosebire de arhitectura \u201eclasic\u0103\u201d, unde un volum\/pool este de\u021binut de un singur controler, iar cel\u0103lalt efectueaz\u0103 doar opera\u021biuni de intrare\/ie\u0219ire, \u00een sistemele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/\">AccelStor<\/a><\/noindex> fiecare nod func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu propriul set de date \u0219i nu transmite cereri \u201evecinului\u201d. Ca urmare, performan\u021ba general\u0103 a sistemului cre\u0219te datorit\u0103 proces\u0103rii paralele a cererilor de intrare\/i\u0219ire de c\u0103tre noduri \u0219i accesului la stocare. De asemenea, conceptul de failover este practic inexistent, deoarece nu este nevoie s\u0103 se transfere controlul asupra volumelor c\u0103tre un alt nod \u00een cazul unei defec\u021biuni.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 compar\u0103m tehnologia Nothing Shared a arhitecturii cu o replicare complet\u0103 a sistemului de stocare, aceasta va p\u0103rea, la prima vedere, pu\u021bin inferioar\u0103 unei implement\u0103ri complete de disaster recovery \u00een termeni de flexibilitate. Acest lucru este valabil mai ales \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te organizarea unei linii de comunica\u021bie \u00eentre sistemele de stocare. Astfel, \u00een modelul H710 este posibil s\u0103 se disperseze nodurile pe o distan\u021b\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 100 m prin utilizarea cablurilor optice active InfiniBand, care nu sunt tocmai ieftine. Dar chiar \u0219i comparativ cu o implementare obi\u0219nuit\u0103 a replic\u0103rii sincrone de c\u0103tre al\u021bi furnizori prin Fibre Channel accesibil, solu\u021bia de la AccelStor va fi mai ieftin\u0103 \u0219i mai u\u0219or de instalat\/exploatat, deoarece nu este necesar\u0103 instalarea virtualizatorilor pentru sistemele de stocare \u0219i\/sau integrarea cu software-ul (ceea ce nu este \u00eentotdeauna posibil \u00een principiu). Plus, s\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 solu\u021biile AccelStor sunt matrice All Flash cu o performan\u021b\u0103 superioar\u0103 celor \u201eclasice\u201d SSD only.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Reducerea riscurilor de downtime datorit\u0103 arhitecturii Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/46d39a96eedcd20e5ddcac2dc1301411.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Prin utilizarea tehnologiei Nothing Shared de la AccelStor, se poate ob\u021bine disponibilitatea sistemului de stocare de 99.9999% la un cost rezonabil. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu fiabilitatea ridicat\u0103 a solu\u021biei, inclusiv prin utilizarea a dou\u0103 copii de date, \u0219i o performan\u021b\u0103 impresionant\u0103 datorit\u0103 algoritmilor proprietari <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-technology\">FlexiRemap<\/a><\/noindex>, solu\u021biile de la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accelstor.com\/\">AccelStor<\/a><\/noindex> sunt candida\u021bi excelen\u021bi pentru pozi\u021bii esen\u021biale \u00een construirea unui centru de date modern.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/accelstor\/blog\/441780\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448 \u0432\u0435\u043a 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