{"id":31941,"date":"2019-10-31T21:44:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/formalnaya-logika-request-response-v-izuchenii-anglijskogo-preimushhestva-programmistov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:44:09","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:44:09","slug":"formalnaya-logika-request-response-v-izuchenii-anglijskogo-preimushhestva-programmistov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/formalnaya-logika-request-response-v-izuchenii-anglijskogo-preimushhestva-programmistov","title":{"rendered":"Logica formal\u0103 \u201erequest-response\u201d \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea englez\u0103: avantajele programatorilor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Logica formal\u0103 \u201erequest-response\u201d \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea englez\u0103: avantajele programatorilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/39f1341ba3d0bcfd88fe3fd63eb4790d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00centotdeauna afirm c\u0103 cei mai talenta\u021bi lingvi\u0219ti sunt programatorii. Aceasta se datoreaz\u0103 modului lor de g\u00e2ndire sau, dac\u0103 vre\u021bi, unei anumite deform\u0103ri profesionale.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru a ilustra tema, voi aduce c\u00e2teva pove\u0219ti din via\u021b\u0103. C\u00e2nd \u00een URSS era penurie, iar so\u021bul meu era un b\u0103ie\u021bel mic, p\u0103rin\u021bii lui au reu\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 undeva c\u00e2rna\u021bi \u0219i i-au servit de s\u0103rb\u0103toare. Dup\u0103 ce invita\u021bii au plecat, b\u0103ie\u021belul a privit la c\u00e2rna\u021bii r\u0103ma\u0219i pe mas\u0103, t\u0103ia\u021bi \u00een felii uniforme, \u0219i a \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 mai sunt necesari. \u201cIa, ia!\u201d \u2013 i-au dat voie p\u0103rin\u021bii. A\u0219a c\u0103 a luat c\u00e2rna\u021bii, a ie\u0219it \u00een curte \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103-i foloseasc\u0103 pentru a-i \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba pe pisicile vecinilor s\u0103 mearg\u0103 pe picioarele din spate. Tata \u0219i mama l-au v\u0103zut \u0219i s-au sup\u0103rat c\u0103 a risipit un produs rar. Iar b\u0103ie\u021belul era confuz \u0219i chiar sup\u0103rat. P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, nu a furat pe ascuns, ci a \u00eentrebat sincer dac\u0103 mai este nevoie de c\u00e2rna\u021bi... <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nu este nevoie s\u0103 spun c\u0103 acest b\u0103iat, c\u00e2nd a crescut, a devenit programator.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex>La o v\u00e2rst\u0103 matur\u0103, acestui specialist IT i s-au acumulat nenum\u0103rate povestiri amuzante. De exemplu, \u00eentr-o zi, l-am rugat pe so\u021bul meu s\u0103 cumpere o pas\u0103re. O pas\u0103re mai mare \u0219i mai alb\u0103 pentru a ar\u0103ta bine. Cu m\u00e2ndrie a adus acas\u0103 o mare\u2026 ra\u021b\u0103 alb\u0103. L-am \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 m\u0103car nu s-a g\u00e2ndit, m\u0103car la pre\u021b (ra\u021ba cost\u0103 mult mai mult), dac\u0103 a cump\u0103rat pas\u0103rea potrivit\u0103. R\u0103spunsul lui a fost: \u201cEi bine, tu nu ai spus nimic despre pre\u021b. Ai spus, o pas\u0103re mai mare \u0219i mai alb\u0103. A\u0219a c\u0103 am ales din \u00eentreaga selec\u021bie cea mai mare \u0219i cea mai alb\u0103 pas\u0103re! Sarcina a fost \u00eendeplinit\u0103.\u201d Am suspinat u\u0219urat\u0103, mul\u021bumindu-mi \u00een g\u00e2nd c\u0103 \u00een acea zi \u00een magazin nu era curcan. \u00cen ap\u0103rare, pentru cin\u0103 a fost ra\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ei bine, \u0219i o mul\u021bime de alte situa\u021bii \u00een care o persoan\u0103 nepreg\u0103tit\u0103 ar putea suspecta o trolling dur \u0219i chiar s-ar putea sup\u0103ra. Ne plimb\u0103m pe o plaj\u0103 sudic\u0103 minunat\u0103, eu vis\u00e2nd cu voce tare: \u201cAh, mi-ar pl\u0103cea s\u0103 gust ceva delicios...\u201d El, uit\u00e2ndu-se \u00een jur, m\u0103 \u00eentreab\u0103 cu grij\u0103: \u201cVrei s\u0103 culeg fructe de cactus?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Logica formal\u0103 \u201erequest-response\u201d \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea englez\u0103: avantajele programatorilor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/af70bae39a8e148c8e1ff17250e17735.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M-am sup\u0103rat, \u00eentreb\u00e2nd cu ironie, dac\u0103 nu cumva i-a trecut prin cap s\u0103 m\u0103 duc\u0103 \u00eentr-o cafenea confortabil\u0103 cu pr\u0103jituri, de exemplu. So\u021bul a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 nu a v\u0103zut nicio cafenea \u00een apropiere, dar fructele opuntiei pe care le-a observat printre m\u0103r\u0103cini sunt foarte gustoase \u0219i ar putea s\u0103-mi satisfac\u0103 cererea. Logica.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 m\u0103 sup\u0103r? S\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219ez \u0219i s\u0103 iert? S\u0103 r\u00e2d?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 a g\u00e2ndirii profesionale, care uneori provoac\u0103 situa\u021bii amuzante \u00een via\u021ba de zi cu zi, poate fi pus\u0103 \u00een serviciul ei de c\u0103tre IT-i\u0219ti \u00een munca grea de a \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba limba englez\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Metoda de g\u00e2ndire ilustrat\u0103 mai sus (f\u0103r\u0103 a fi psiholog, \u00eemi voi permite s\u0103 o caracterizez informal ca fiind formal-logica), <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>a) rezoneaz\u0103 cu unele principii de func\u021bionare ale subcon\u0219tientului uman;<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>b) rezoneaz\u0103 perfect cu unele aspecte ale logicei gramaticale a englezei.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"osobennosti-podsoznatelnogo-vospriyatiya-zaprosa\">Particularit\u0103\u021bile percep\u021biei subcon\u0219tiente a cererii<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Psihologia sus\u021bine c\u0103 subcon\u0219tientul uman \u00een\u021belege totul literar \u0219i nu are sim\u021bul umorului. La fel ca un computer, cu care IT-istul \u201ecomunic\u0103\u201d mai mult timp dec\u00e2t cu oamenii. Am auzit de la un psiholog practic o metafor\u0103: \u201eSubcon\u0219tientul este un uria\u0219 care nu are ochi, nu are sim\u021bul umorului \u0219i care \u00een\u021belege totul literal. Iar con\u0219tiin\u021ba este un liliputan v\u0103z\u0103tor care st\u0103 pe g\u00e2tul uria\u0219ului \u0219i \u00eel conduce.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce comand\u0103 este receptat\u0103 de uria\u0219ul-subcon\u0219tient atunci c\u00e2nd liliputanul-con\u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 pronun\u021b\u0103: \u201eTrebuie s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b engleza\u201d? Subcon\u0219tientul accept\u0103 CEREREA: \u201es\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b engleza\u201d. U\u0219or credul \u201euria\u0219\u201d \u00eencepe s\u0103 lucreze din greu la \u00eendeplinirea comenzii, gener\u00e2nd R\u0102SPUNSUL: procesul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare. Vei realiza c\u0103 \u00een englez\u0103 exist\u0103 gerunzii, exist\u0103 verbul to be, exist\u0103 voce activ\u0103, exist\u0103 voce pasiv\u0103, exist\u0103 forme temporale, exist\u0103 complement complex \u0219i moduri subiective, exist\u0103 divizare actual\u0103, exist\u0103 sintagme, etc.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ai studiat limba? Da. \u201eUria\u0219ul\u201d a \u00eendeplinit sarcina dat\u0103 - ai studiat sincer limba. Ai st\u0103p\u00e2nit limba englez\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103? Probabil nu. Subcon\u0219tientul nu a primit cererea de st\u0103p\u00e2nire.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Care este deosebirea \u00eentre a studia \u0219i a st\u0103p\u00e2ni?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Studii = analiza, divizarea \u00eentregului \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi. St\u0103p\u00e2nire = sinteza, asamblarea p\u0103r\u021bilor \u00eentr-un \u00eentreg. Abord\u0103rile, s\u0103 spunem, sunt opuse. Metodologiile pentru studiu \u0219i pentru st\u0103p\u00e2nirea practic\u0103 sunt diferite.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 scopul final este s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi s\u0103 folose\u0219ti limba ca un instrument, atunci trebuie s\u0103 formulezi sarcina \u00een termeni clari: \u201eTrebuie s\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nesc engleza.\u201d Vor fi mai pu\u021bine dezam\u0103giri.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"kakov-request-takov-i-response\">A\u0219a cum este cererea, a\u0219a este \u0219i r\u0103spunsul.<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat mai sus, limba englez\u0103 are un anumit formalism. De exemplu, la o \u00eentrebare, \u00een limba englez\u0103 nu po\u021bi r\u0103spunde oricum. Po\u021bi r\u0103spunde doar \u00een forma \u00een care aceasta este formulat\u0103. Astfel, la \u00eentrebarea \u201eHave you eaten the cake?\u201d po\u021bi r\u0103spunde doar \u00een aceea\u0219i form\u0103 gramatical\u0103 cu have: \u201eYes, I have \/ No, I haven\u2019t.\u201d Niciun \u201edo\u201d sau \u201eam\u201d. La fel, la \u201eDid you eat the cake?\u201d va fi corect s\u0103 r\u0103spunzi \u201eYes, I did \/ No, I didn\u2019t.\u201d, f\u0103r\u0103 \u201ehad\u201d sau \u201ewas\u201d. A\u0219a cum e \u00eentrebarea, a\u0219a e \u0219i r\u0103spunsul.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru vorbitorii de rus\u0103, este adesea confuz\u0103 situa\u021bia \u00een care \u00een englez\u0103, pentru a permite ceva, trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103spunzi negativ, iar pentru a interzice, s\u0103 r\u0103spunzi pozitiv. De exemplu:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do you mind my smoking? \u2014 Yes, I do. \u2014 (A\u021bi interzis fumatul \u00een prezen\u021ba dvs.)<\/li>\n<li>Do you mind my smoking? \u2014 No, I don\u2019t. \u2014 (A\u021bi permis s\u0103 fumez.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C\u0103ci instinctul natural al con\u0219tiin\u021bei rusofone este c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd permite, s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 \u201eda\u201d, iar c\u00e2nd interzice, s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 \u201enu\u201d. De ce, a\u0219adar, \u00een englez\u0103 este totul pe dos?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Logica formal\u0103. R\u0103spunz\u00e2nd la o \u00eentrebare \u00een englez\u0103, reac\u021bion\u0103m nu at\u00e2t la situa\u021bia real\u0103, c\u00e2t la gramatica propozi\u021biei pe care o auzim. Iar \u00een gramatic\u0103, \u00eentrebarea sun\u0103 astfel: \u201eDo you mind?\u201d \u2014 \u201eObiec\u021bi?\u201d. Prin urmare, r\u0103spunz\u00e2nd \u201eYes, I do.\u201d \u2014 interlocutorul, reac\u021bion\u00e2nd la logica gramatical\u0103, afirm\u0103 \u201eDa, obiec\u021bi\u201d, adic\u0103 interzice, \u0219i nu permite ac\u021biunea, a\u0219a cum ar fi logic pentru logica situa\u021bional\u0103. A\u0219a cum e \u00eentrebarea, a\u0219a e \u0219i r\u0103spunsul. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O confruntare similar\u0103 \u00eentre logica situa\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i cea gramatical\u0103 este provocat\u0103 de cereri de tipul \u201eCould you\u2026?\u201d Nu te mira dac\u0103, \u00een r\u0103spuns la \u00eentrebarea ta:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Could you pass me the salt, please?<br \/>\nenglezul va r\u0103spunde: <\/li>\n<li>Yes, I could.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u2026 \u0219i va continua s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i consume masa f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dea sarea. Tu l-ai \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 poate s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi paseze sarea. El a r\u0103spuns c\u0103 poate. Dar tu nu l-ai \u00eentrebat s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi paseze sarea: \u201eWould you...?\u201d Vorbitorii de englez\u0103 adesea glumesc a\u0219a. Este posibil ca originile umorului englezesc celebru s\u0103 se afle chiar la intersec\u021bia contradic\u021biei dintre logica gramatical\u0103 \u0219i cea situa\u021bional\u0103\u2026 Exact ca umorul programatorilor, nu crede\u021bi?<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Astfel, c\u00e2nd \u00eencepi s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021bi engleza, are sens s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi revizuie\u0219ti formularea cererii. C\u0103ci atunci c\u00e2nd ajungem, de exemplu, la o \u0219coal\u0103 de \u0219oferi, spunem: \u201eTrebuie s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b s\u0103 conduc o ma\u0219in\u0103\u201d, nu \u201eTrebuie s\u0103 studiez ma\u0219ina.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, lucr\u00e2nd cu un profesor, studentul interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu sistemul s\u0103u cognitiv. Profesorul are, de asemenea, un subcon\u0219tient care func\u021bioneaz\u0103, la fel ca la to\u021bi oamenii, pe principiul \u201ecerere-r\u0103spuns\u201d. Dac\u0103 profesorul nu este suficient de experimentat pentru a \u201etraduce\u201d cererea elevului \u00een limbajul nevoilor sale reale, subcon\u0219tientul profesorului poate percepe cererea studentului ca pe o solicitare de studiu, \u0219i nu de st\u0103p\u00e2nire. \u0218i profesorul va r\u0103spunde cu entuziasm \u0219i va satisface cererea, dar informa\u021biile propuse pentru studiu nu vor fi o realizare a adev\u0103ratelor necesit\u0103\u021bi ale studentului.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u201eFeri\u021bi-v\u0103 de dorin\u021bele voastre\u201d (C)? C\u0103uta\u021bi un profesor telepat care s\u0103 \u0219tie s\u0103 traduc\u0103 solicit\u0103rile voastre \u00een limbajul nevoilor voastre reale? Formula\u021bi corect \u201ecererea\u201d? Este necesar s\u0103 subliniem acest lucru. Cu un abord corect al problemei, cei mai buni dintre cei care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 engleza ar trebui s\u0103 fie programatorii, din cauza caracteristicilor modului lor de a percepe lumea, dar \u0219i datorit\u0103 specificit\u0103\u021bii limbii engleze \u00een sine. Cheia succesului este abordarea corect\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/448712\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 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\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u0438, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/formalnaya-logika-request-response-v-izuchenii-anglijskogo-preimushhestva-programmistov\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" 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