{"id":32335,"date":"2019-10-31T21:46:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/medium-pervyj-detsentralizovannyj-internet-provajder-v-rossii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:46:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:24","slug":"medium-pervyj-detsentralizovannyj-internet-provajder-v-rossii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/medium-pervyj-detsentralizovannyj-internet-provajder-v-rossii","title":{"rendered":"\u201eMedium\u201d \u2014 primul furnizor de internet descentralizat \u00een Rusia","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Pu\u021bini dintre locuitorii de aici nu sunt familiariza\u021bi cu un proiect de lege foarte ambigu \u0219i deja destul de discutat. proiectul de lege<\/a><\/noindex> mare<\/a><\/noindex> \u00abinternetul suveran\u00bb<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen acest articol, a\u0219 dori s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc cititorilor de pe Habr informa\u021bii despre un furnizor descentralizat deja activ \u00een Rusia, care permite navigarea pe resursele re\u021belei. I2P<\/a><\/noindex>, precum \u0219i s\u0103 invit cet\u0103\u021benii interesa\u021bi s\u0103 se al\u0103ture proiectului \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i ridice propria punct de acces.<\/p>\n

Tot ce este interesant - sub articol.<\/p>\n

\"\u201eMedium\u201d
\n
\nImagine: medium.i2p<\/noindex> | CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a><\/noindex><\/i>
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ce este asta?<\/h2>\n

\nProiectul \u201eMedium\u201d a fost ini\u021bial conceput ca Re\u021bea Mesh<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een \u00een raionul Kolomna<\/a><\/noindex>, totu\u0219i, dup\u0103 o vreme, a devenit evident c\u0103 pentru a realiza conceptul nu erau suficien\u021bi doritori s\u0103 participe.<\/p>\n

Din acest motiv, dup\u0103 un timp, \u201eMedium\u201d s-a transformat \u00eentr-un furnizor independent \u0219i gratuit de servicii de acces la re\u021beaua I2P - entuzia\u0219tii configureaz\u0103 punctele lor de acces wireless astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, la conectare, s\u0103 fie posibil\u0103 utilizarea resurselor proiectului I2P.<\/p>\n

Din perspectiva securit\u0103\u021bii, aceast\u0103 abordare are unele dezavantaje fundamentale - de exemplu, este posibil s\u0103 se asculte liber traficul \u00eentre abona\u021bi \u0219i routerul la care sunt conecta\u021bi \u00een acel moment. De asemenea, este demn de men\u021bionat c\u0103 \u0219i Tor<\/a><\/noindex> are o problem\u0103 similar\u0103 - doar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te nodurile de ie\u0219ire<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 este atenuat\u0103 prin utilizarea nivelului de transport al securit\u0103\u021bii - TLS<\/a><\/noindex>, SSL<\/a><\/noindex>, etc.<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 acest lucru este suficient pentru a te sim\u021bi \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd utilizezi resursele re\u021belei. \u0218i, bine\u00een\u021beles, nu trebuie uitat PGP<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i principiile criptografiei asimetrice \u00een cadrul schimbului de mesaje.<\/p>\n

Datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii I2P devine imposibil\u0103 calcularea nu doar a routerului de unde a venit traficul (vezi principiile fundamentale ale ruteriz\u0103rii \u201ecu usturoi\u201d<\/a><\/noindex>), dar \u0219i a utilizatorului final - abonatul \u201eMedium\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ca un bonus pl\u0103cut - imposibilitatea bloc\u0103rii re\u021belei \u0219i accesul la resursele computa\u021bionale ale participan\u021bilor s\u0103i - pentru aceasta, ar trebui s\u0103 limitezi func\u021bionarea \u00eentregului internet la nivel fizic. S\u0103 \u00eel opre\u0219ti \u0219i s\u0103 nu \u00eel mai restartezi.<\/p>\n

Din punct de vedere legal (conform Legii federale nr. 97-FZ din 5 mai 2014<\/a><\/noindex>). situat pe teritoriul RF, \u00abMedium\u00bb poate c\u0103 este par\u021bial supus restric\u021biilor introduse de lege, dar este important s\u0103 lu\u0103m \u00een considerare urm\u0103toarele nuan\u021be:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00abMedium\u00bb \u2014 nu este o entitate juridic\u0103; fiecare participant este un ISP autonom cu acela\u0219i nume;<\/li>\n
  2. Punctele de acces la \u00abMedium\u00bb, de\u0219i sunt deschise (nu au parol\u0103 pentru conectare implicit), sunt ascunse: o persoan\u0103 care nu cunoa\u0219te numele re\u021belei nu va putea s\u0103 se conecteze la aceasta;<\/li>\n
  3. \u00abMedium\u00bb ofer\u0103 acces la re\u021beaua I2P, nu la Internet (de\u0219i este posibil\u0103 ie\u0219irea \u00een re\u021bea prin outproxy \u2014 la discre\u021bia operatorului \u00abMedium\u00bb; din acela\u0219i motiv, \u00abMedium\u00bb poate fi numit cu \u00eencredere ISP).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    De ce este necesar?<\/h2>\n

    \nNoi credem c\u0103 Internetul ar trebui s\u0103 fie politic neutru \u0219i liber \u2014 principiile pe baza c\u0103rora a fost construit\u0103 re\u021beaua mondial\u0103 nu rezist\u0103 criticii. Sunt \u00eenvechite<\/a><\/noindex>. Sunt nesigure<\/a><\/noindex>. Noi tr\u0103im \u00een Legacy. Orice re\u021bea centralizat\u0103 este \u00een mod implicit compromis\u0103 \u2014 \u0219i acesta este unul dintre motivele pentru care dezvolt\u0103m \u00abMedium\u00bb.<\/p>\n

    Noi credem c\u0103 confiden\u021bialitatea este unul dintre acele fundamente f\u0103r\u0103 de care o via\u021b\u0103 lini\u0219tit\u0103 \u0219i calm\u0103 a unei persoane nu este posibil\u0103.<\/p>\n

    Noi credem c\u0103 fiecare persoan\u0103 are dreptul la confiden\u021bialitate \u0219i inviolabilitatea datelor sale.<\/p>\n

    Noi credem c\u0103 \u00abMedium\u00bb va putea sus\u021bine dezvoltarea re\u021belei I2P \u2014 deoarece cu fiecare nou punct activat, \u00abMedium\u00bb apare \u0219i un nou nod de tranzit \u00een re\u021beaua I2P.<\/p>\n

    Cum asta?<\/h2>\n

    \nEsenta ISP-ului descentralizat \u00abMedium\u00bb este de a oferi utilizatorului final posibilitatea de a folosi resursele re\u021belei I2P f\u0103r\u0103 a pl\u0103ti direct pentru traficul de internet.<\/p>\n

    Conceptul ISP-ului \u00abMedium\u00bb este destul de simplu \u2014 multe persoane interesate de acest lucru \u00ee\u0219i activeaz\u0103 punctele wireless de acces la re\u021beaua I2P f\u0103r\u0103 a putea vizualiza traficul de internet \u00een mod implicit (posibilitatea de utilizare a outproxy nu este interzis\u0103, dar nici \u00eencurajat\u0103: \u00abMedium\u00bb ar trebui s\u0103 sprijine cre\u0219terea punctelor de tranzit \u0219i a site-urilor din re\u021beaua I2P). Implementarea infrastructurii se face pe baz\u0103 de voluntariat \u2014 un entuziasm pur.<\/p>\n

    La \u00eenceputul dezvolt\u0103rii proiectului, s-a pus un accent deosebit pe faptul c\u0103 utilizatorii s\u0103 poat\u0103 folosi f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii resursele re\u021belei I2P \u2014 chiar dac\u0103 nu exact a\u0219a cum era prev\u0103zut \u00een concep\u021bia \u201einternetului invizibil\u201d, totu\u0219i, \u00een afara paradigmelor internetului obi\u0219nuit \u2014 ceea ce este deja un lucru bun.<\/p>\n

    \u0218i, de asemenea, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t conectarea abonatului la re\u021bea s\u0103 nu prezinte dificult\u0103\u021bi deosebite: posibilitatea de conectare prin Wi-Fi nu mai este un lucru supranatural pentru utilizatorul obi\u0219nuit.<\/p>\n

    Ce avem: voluntari (operatori de sistem), care controleaz\u0103 punctele de acces la re\u021beaua \u201eMedium\u201d \u0219i, direct, abona\u021bii care folosesc resursele re\u021belei. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 I2P utilizeaz\u0103 doar o mic\u0103 parte din l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 a canalului comun, operatorii de sistem nu ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 probleme s\u0103 men\u021bin\u0103 simultan conecta\u021bi 5-10 abona\u021bi.<\/p>\n

    Unde este acest lucru?<\/h2>\n

    \n\u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103 de dezvoltare, \u201eMedium\u201d are mai multe puncte de acces \u00een Kolomna<\/noindex> \u0219i unul \u00een Samara<\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

    Sper\u0103m la colaborarea activ\u0103 a comunit\u0103\u021bii pentru dezvoltarea proiectului \u201eMedium\u201d \u2013 instruc\u021biunile pentru a-\u021bi ridica propriul punct autentic pot fi g\u0103site aici<\/a><\/noindex>. Acolo po\u021bi trimite \u0219i un PR pentru a ad\u0103uga punctul t\u0103u \u00een lista public\u0103 a tuturor punctelor din re\u021bea.<\/p>\n

    Vreau s\u0103 devin voluntar! Ce trebuie s\u0103 fac pentru asta?<\/h2>\n

    \nRidic\u0103-\u021bi propriul punct de acces<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i al\u0103tur\u0103-te discu\u021biei despre proiect pe GitHub<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00cen aceast\u0103 ramur\u0103 se discut\u0103 toate aspectele importante ale dezvolt\u0103rii pe termen lung a re\u021belei \u201eMedium\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Prietenii no\u0219tri<\/b>Mul\u021bumesc theklacy<\/a><\/noindex> pentru desf\u0103\u0219urarea punctelor de acces \u00een Samara.<\/p>\n

    Fii extrem de atent: articolul este scris exclusiv \u00een scopuri educa\u021bionale. Nu uita c\u0103 ignoran\u021ba este putere, libertatea este sclavie, iar r\u0103zboiul este pace.<\/p>\n

    Te-au \u0219i trimis deja.<\/i>
    \n
    Sursa:     habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0415\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0420\u0443\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u00bb. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 I2P, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47\u201eMedium\u201d \u2013 primul furnizor de internet descentralizat din Rusia | ProHoster","description":"Pu\u021bin probabil ca cineva dintre cet\u0103\u021benii de aici s\u0103 nu fie familiarizat cu ini\u021biativa de lege destul de ambigu\u0103 \u0219i deja discutat\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/medium-pervyj-detsentralizovannyj-internet-provajder-v-rossii","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u00abMedium\u00bb \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0415\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/medium-pervyj-detsentralizovannyj-internet-provajder-v-rossii","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:46:24+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:46:24+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"32335","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-21 10:23:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:00:23","updated":"2026-01-21 10:23:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32335"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32335\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}