{"id":32368,"date":"2019-10-31T21:46:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/spravochnaya-chto-takoe-continuous-delivery\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:46:38","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:38","slug":"spravochnaya-chto-takoe-continuous-delivery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/spravochnaya-chto-takoe-continuous-delivery","title":{"rendered":"Referin\u021b\u0103: ce este Continuous Delivery","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anterior, noi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/447090\/\">au declarat<\/a><\/noindex> despre Continuous Integration (CI). S\u0103 continu\u0103m cu Continuous Delivery. Acesta este un set de metode de dezvoltare software. Ajut\u0103 la asigurarea c\u0103 codul este preg\u0103tit pentru implementare.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/449364\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Referin\u021b\u0103: ce este Continuous Delivery\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ec05fd8d77bf45d098328f0471b41f00.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ Pixabay \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/ru\/photos\/%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-3887621\/\">bluebudgie<\/a><\/noindex> \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/ru\/service\/terms\/#license\">RO<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Istoria<\/h2>\n<p>\nExpresia continuous delivery a fost v\u0103zut\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/agilemanifesto.org\/iso\/en\/principles.html\">manifestul agile<\/a><\/noindex> din 2001, \u00een \u00eenceputul listei principiilor fundamentale: \u00abPrioritatea este solu\u021bionarea problemelor clien\u021bilor prin livrarea continu\u0103 a software-ului actualizat\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 2010, Jez Humble \u0219i David Farley au publicat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ozon.ru\/context\/detail\/id\/7243884\/\">o carte<\/a><\/noindex> despre Continuous Delivery. Conform inten\u021biei autorilor, CD completeaz\u0103 abordarea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/447090\/\">Continuous Integration<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i permite simplificarea preg\u0103tirii codului pentru implementare.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 publicarea c\u0103r\u021bii, abordarea a \u00eenceput s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige popularitate \u0219i, \u00een doar c\u00e2\u021biva ani, a devenit aproape global acceptat\u0103. Conform <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perforce.com\/press-releases\/continuous-delivery-adoption-rates-soar-according-study-commissioned-perforce\">unui sondaj<\/a><\/noindex>, efectuat \u00een r\u00e2ndul a peste 600 de dezvoltatori \u0219i manageri IT \u00een 2014, 97% dintre liderii tehnici \u0219i 84% dintre programatori erau familiariza\u021bi cu Continuous Delivery.<\/p>\n<p>Acum aceast\u0103 abordare r\u0103m\u00e2ne una dintre cele mai populare. Conform unei cercet\u0103ri din 2018, la care au participat speciali\u0219ti IT din comunitatea DevOps \u0219i Jenkins Community, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloudbees.com\/press\/jenkins-community-releases-fifth-annual-devops-and-jenkins-community-survey-sponsored\">folose\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> jum\u0103tate dintre cei mai mult de o mie de responden\u021bi.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 Continuous Delivery<\/h2>\n<p>\nBaza CD-ului este preg\u0103tirea codului pentru implementare. Pentru a \u00eendeplini aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103, se utilizeaz\u0103 automatizarea procesului de preg\u0103tire a software-ului pentru lansare. Acesta trebuie s\u0103 fie standardizat pentru diferite medii de dezvoltare, ceea ce ajut\u0103 la identificarea rapid\u0103 a sl\u0103biciunilor \u0219i la optimizarea acestora. De exemplu, accelerarea test\u0103rii.<\/p>\n<p>Un exemplu de proces Continuous Delivery arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Referin\u021b\u0103: ce este Continuous Delivery\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ee57b0dc1150333f5797b4deeb4f985a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nDac\u0103 primele dou\u0103 etape sunt responsabilitatea abord\u0103rii Continuous Integration, urm\u0103toarele dou\u0103 sunt Continuous Delivery. Stabilitatea procesului este asigurat\u0103 par\u021bial prin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Configuration_management\">sisteme de gestionare a configura\u021biilor<\/a><\/noindex>. Acestea monitorizeaz\u0103 modific\u0103rile din infrastructur\u0103, baze de date \u0219i dependen\u021be. Implementarea \u00een sine poate fi Automatizat\u0103 sau realizat\u0103 manual.<\/p>\n<p>Procesului i se impun urm\u0103toarele cerin\u021be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disponibilitatea informa\u021biilor despre preg\u0103tirea pentru a ie\u0219i \u00een mediu de produc\u021bie \u0219i preg\u0103tirea pentru lansarea imediat\u0103 (instrumentele CD testeaz\u0103 codul \u0219i ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a evalua efectul modific\u0103rilor din lansare).<\/li>\n<li>Responsabilitatea general\u0103 pentru produsul final. Echipa de produs \u2014 manageri, dezvoltatori, testeri \u2014 se g\u00e2nde\u0219te la rezultat, nu doar la zona sa de responsabilitate (rezultatul este o versiune de lucru, disponibil\u0103 pentru utilizatorii produsului).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00cen CD se aplic\u0103 de obicei <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">revizuirea codului<\/a><\/noindex>, iar pentru colectarea opiniei clien\u021bilor \u2014 principiul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-is-a-dark-launch-in-terms-of-continuous-delivery-of-software\">lans\u0103rii \u00eentunecate<\/a><\/noindex>. O nou\u0103 func\u021bie este lansat\u0103 mai \u00eent\u00e2i pentru un segment mic de utilizatori \u2014 experien\u021ba lor de interac\u021biune cu produsul ajut\u0103 la identificarea defectelor \u0219i bug-urilor neobservate \u00een timpul test\u0103rii interne.<\/p>\n<h2>Care este avantajul<\/h2>\n<p>\nContinuous Delivery ajut\u0103 la simplificarea desf\u0103\u0219ur\u0103rii codului, ceea ce influen\u021beaz\u0103 pozitiv productivitatea \u0219i reduce riscul de epuizare emo\u021bional\u0103 a angaja\u021bilor. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, aceasta reduce \u0219i costurile totale de dezvoltare. De exemplu, CD a ajutat una dintre echipele HP <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtworks.com\/insights\/blog\/case-continuous-delivery\">s\u0103 reduc\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> aceste cheltuieli cu 40%.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, conform unui studiu din 2016 (pagina 28 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ciosummits.com\/Online_Assets_Puppet_2016_State_of_DevOps_Report.pdf\">document.<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 companiile care au implementat CD rezolv\u0103 problemele de securitate IT cu 50% mai repede, \u00een compara\u021bie cu cele care nu utilizeaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 abordare. Aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 poate fi \u00een parte explicat\u0103 prin utilizarea instrumentelor de automatizare a procesului.<\/p>\n<p>Un alt avantaj \u2014 accelerarea lans\u0103rilor. \u00cen studioul de dezvoltare finlandez, livrarea continu\u0103 <noindex>a ajutat<\/noindex> la cre\u0219terea vitezei de compilare a codului cu 25%.<\/p>\n<h2>Complexit\u0103\u021bi poten\u021biale<\/h2>\n<p>\nPrima \u0219i cea mai important\u0103 problem\u0103 \u2014 necesitatea de a reorganiza procesele obi\u0219nuite. Pentru a demonstra beneficiile noii abord\u0103ri, ar trebui s\u0103 se treac\u0103 la CD treptat, \u00eencep\u00e2nd nu cu cele mai solicitante aplica\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>A doua problem\u0103 poten\u021bial\u0103 \u2014 num\u0103rul mare de ramuri de cod. O consecin\u021b\u0103 a \u2018ramific\u0103rii\u2019 \u2014 conflicte frecvente \u0219i pierderi repetitive de mult timp. O solu\u021bie posibil\u0103 \u2014 abordarea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@ErikGebers\/is-the-best-branching-strategy-no-branches-at-all-5cd7774d863b\">f\u0103r\u0103 ramuri<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>. \u00cen unele companii, dificult\u0103\u021bile majore apar la testare \u2014 aceasta necesit\u0103 prea mult timp. Rezultatele testelor sunt adesea analizate manual, dar o solu\u021bie posibil\u0103 ar putea fi paralele test\u0103rii \u00een primele etape de implementare a CD.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, angaja\u021bii ar trebui instrui\u021bi s\u0103 lucreze cu noile instrumente \u2014 o informare prealabil\u0103 va economisi resurse \u0219i timp dezvoltatorilor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Referin\u021b\u0103: ce este Continuous Delivery\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/3f8a4edce6d25a6ba2458100ed96c5be.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Flickr \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/98920507@N07\/14796698932\/\">h.ger1969<\/a><\/noindex> \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/ru\/service\/terms\/#license\">CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Instrumente<\/h2>\n<p>\nS\u0103 prezent\u0103m c\u00e2teva instrumente open-source pentru Continuous Delivery:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gocd\/gocd\">GoCD<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 server pentru livrare continu\u0103 pe Java \u0219i JRuby on Rails. Permite controlul \u00eentregului proces de livrare a aplica\u021biei: build\u2014test\u2014release. Instrumentul este distribuit sub licen\u021ba Apache 2.0. Pe site-ul oficial pute\u021bi g\u0103si <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gocd.org\/getting-started\/part-1\/\">ghidul de configurare<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/capistrano\">Capistrano<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 framework pentru crearea de scripturi care automatizeaz\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219urarea aplica\u021biilor pe Ruby, Java sau PHP. Capistrano poate executa comenzi pe o ma\u0219in\u0103 remote, conect\u00e2ndu-se la ea prin SSH. Lucreaz\u0103 cu alte instrumente de integrare \u0219i livrare continu\u0103, cum ar fi serverul CI Integrity.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gradle\/gradle\">Gradle<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 instrument multiplatform\u0103 care automatizeaz\u0103 \u00eentregul ciclu de dezvoltare a aplica\u021biilor. Gradle func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu Java, Python, C\/C++, Scala etc. Exist\u0103 integrare cu Eclipse, IntelliJ \u0219i Jenkins.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/drone\">Drone<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 platform\u0103 pentru CD scris\u0103 \u00een Go. Drone poate fi desf\u0103\u0219urat\u0103 on-premise sau \u00een cloud. Instrumentul este construit pe baz\u0103 de containere \u0219i folose\u0219te fi\u0219iere YAML pentru a le gestiona.<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/spinnaker\">Spinnaker<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 platform\u0103 pentru livrarea continu\u0103 a codului \u00een sisteme multi-cloud. A fost dezvoltat\u0103 la Netflix, iar inginerii Google au avut un rol semnificativ \u00een dezvoltarea instrumentului. Instruc\u021biunile de instalare le <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spinnaker.io\/setup\/\">pute\u021bi g\u0103si pe site-ul oficial<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h5>Ce s\u0103 citi\u021bi pe blogul nostru corporativ:<\/h5>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/devops-v-razrabotke-oblaka-1cloud?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=cd&amp;utm_content=blog\">DevOps \u00een serviciul de cloud pe exemplul 1cloud.ru<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/ekonomiya-na-api?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=cd&amp;utm_content=blog\">Cum pute\u021bi economisi folosind API-ul nostru<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/1cloud.ru\/blog\/our-system-architecture-evolution?utm_source=habrahabr&amp;utm_medium=cpm&amp;utm_campaign=cd&amp;utm_content=blog\">Evolu\u021bia arhitecturii cloud 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/1cloud\/blog\/449364\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e Continuous Integration (CI). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0441 Continuous Delivery. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041f\u041e. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \/ Pixabay \/ bluebudgie \/ PL \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f C\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 continuous delivery \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 agile-\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 2001 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - 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