{"id":32436,"date":"2019-10-31T21:47:02","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/mozilla-opublikovala-otchyot-o-svobode-dostupnosti-i-gumannosti-interneta-za-2019-god\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:47:02","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:47:02","slug":"mozilla-opublikovala-otchyot-o-svobode-dostupnosti-i-gumannosti-interneta-za-2019-god","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/mozilla-opublikovala-otchyot-o-svobode-dostupnosti-i-gumannosti-interneta-za-2019-god","title":{"rendered":"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pe 23 aprilie, organiza\u021bia non-profit Mozilla, care se ocup\u0103 de o serie de proiecte dedicate accesului liber, privatiz\u0103rii \u0219i securit\u0103\u021bii \u00een internet, precum \u0219i dezvolt\u0103rii browser-ului web Firefox, a publicat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/internethealthreport.org\/2019\/\" style=\"outline-width: 0px !important; user-select: auto !important;\">cel de-al treilea raport din istoria sa<\/a><\/noindex> despre \u201es\u0103n\u0103tatea\u201d re\u021belei globale \u00een 2019, abord\u00e2nd influen\u021ba Internetului asupra societ\u0103\u021bii \u0219i vie\u021bii noastre de zi cu zi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/89dc390235429293433e7427c1db632e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Raportul descrie un peisaj destul de ambigu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, se observ\u0103 c\u0103 umanitatea a trecut la \u00eenceputul acestui an peste o barier\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 \u2013 \u201e50% din oameni pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt sunt deja online\u201d. A\u0219a cum subliniaz\u0103 organiza\u021bia, de\u0219i re\u021beaua global\u0103 ofer\u0103 numeroase aspecte pozitive \u00een via\u021ba noastr\u0103, oamenii se \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103 tot mai mult de modul \u00een care Internetul \u0219i re\u021belele sociale influen\u021beaz\u0103 copiii no\u0219tri, munca noastr\u0103 \u0219i democra\u021bia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/f224b02db9abf9fbab1262b73092b443.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/center><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd organiza\u021bia a publicat raportul de anul trecut, lumea asista la scandalul Facebook \u0219i Cambridge Analytica, c\u00e2nd a fost dezv\u0103luit\u0103 utilizarea grosolan\u0103 a datelor colectate de re\u021beaua social\u0103 pentru a controla campaniile electorale politice, ceea ce a dus la faptul c\u0103 fondatorul Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, a fost nevoit s\u0103 se prezinte \u00een fa\u021ba Congresului Statelor Unite cu scuze, iar compania \u0219i-a revizuit semnificativ politica de confiden\u021bialitate. Dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 poveste, milioane de oameni au realizat c\u0103 schimbul pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u0219i inacceptabil de date personale, cre\u0219terea rapid\u0103, centralizarea \u0219i globalizarea industriei tehnologice, precum \u0219i abuzul de publicitate online \u0219i de re\u021bele sociale au dus la o mul\u021bime de probleme.<\/p>\n<p>Din ce \u00een ce mai mul\u021bi oameni au \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eentrebe: ce trebuie s\u0103 facem cu asta? Cum putem direc\u021biona lumea digital\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia corect\u0103?<\/p>\n<p>Mozilla indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103, \u00een ultima perioad\u0103, se pot observa guverne din \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 care adopt\u0103 diferite m\u0103suri de control al securit\u0103\u021bii cibernetice \u0219i prevenirea posibilei dezinform\u0103ri \u00eenaintea alegerilor viitoare din UE. Am putut observa cum marii gigan\u021bi tehnologici \u00eencearc\u0103 totul: de la cre\u0219terea transparen\u021bei \u00een func\u021bionarea algoritmilor de selec\u021bie a publicit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a con\u021binutului divers, p\u00e2n\u0103 la crearea unor consilii etice (de\u0219i cu efecte limitate, criticii continu\u00e2nd s\u0103 spun\u0103: \u201etrebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi mult mai mult!\u201d). \u0218i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, am fost martorii unei lupte \u00eentre directori generali, politicieni \u0219i activi\u0219ti pentru a decide \u00een ce direc\u021bie s\u0103 ne \u00eendrept\u0103m. Nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u201ecorect\u0103m\u201d problemele acumulate, iar GDPR (Regulamentul general privind protec\u021bia datelor \u00een UE) nu a fost o panacee, dar pare c\u0103 societatea intr\u0103 \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 er\u0103 de dezbateri constante despre cum trebuie s\u0103 arate o societate digital\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ad4aec81f8a03d77e79d1fefdbfe0e81.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, Mozilla abordeaz\u0103 trei probleme relevante ale re\u021belei moderne:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se discut\u0103 despre necesitatea optimiz\u0103rii utiliz\u0103rii inteligen\u021bei artificiale \u0219i limitarea domeniului s\u0103u de aplicare, pun\u00e2ndu-se \u00eentreb\u0103ri precum: Cine dezvolt\u0103 algoritmii? Ce date utilizeaz\u0103? Cine este supus discrimin\u0103rii? Se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 este utilizat\u0103 acum \u00een sarcini critice \u0219i care necesit\u0103 un control special, cum ar fi deciziile legate de solvabilitate \u0219i ofertele de asigurare medical\u0103 \u00een SUA sau c\u0103utarea criminalilor cu riscul de a acuza persoane complet nevinovate.<\/li>\n<li>Se explic\u0103 necesitatea de a reg\u00e2ndi economia publicitar\u0103, deoarece abordarea existent\u0103, \u00een care oamenii au devenit o marf\u0103, iar supravegherea total\u0103 a devenit un instrument obligatoriu pentru marketing, nu mai poate fi acceptabil\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Se studiaz\u0103 modul \u00een care marile corpora\u021bii ne influen\u021beaz\u0103 via\u021ba \u0219i cum autorit\u0103\u021bile locale din ora\u0219ele mari pot integra tehnologiile astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 serveasc\u0103 bunului public, \u0219i nu intereselor comerciale. Un exemplu este povestea \u00een care autorit\u0103\u021bile din New York au reu\u0219it s\u0103 constr\u00e2ng\u0103 Amazon s\u0103 implementeze un software care cite\u0219te textul de pe ecran pentru persoanele cu probleme de vedere, \u00een e-readerul s\u0103u \u2013 Kindle. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, articolul arat\u0103 cum, sub pretextul optimiz\u0103rii infrastructurii urbane, sunt introduse din ce \u00een ce mai multe tehnologii care permit o supraveghere total\u0103 a oamenilor pe str\u0103zile ora\u0219elor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/135599423b5ffa5691bf9a9e422ea04c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Desigur, raportul nu se limiteaz\u0103 doar la cele trei teme. Acesta abordeaz\u0103, de asemenea: amenin\u021barea deepfake-urilor \u2013 tehnologia de \u00eenlocuire a fe\u021bei unei persoane \u00een video cu fa\u021ba altei persoane, care poate d\u0103una reputa\u021biei, fiind utilizat\u0103 pentru dezinformare \u0219i diverse fraud\u0103, poten\u021bialul platformelor sociale utilizator, ini\u021biativa privind alfabetizarea \u00een domeniul pornografiei, investi\u021biile \u00een instalarea cablurilor subacvatice, pericolul de a face publice rezultatele analizei ADN-ului \u0219i multe altele.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/050c7525adf54bddd5b29db4a1bafa78.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Deci, care este concluzia Mozilla? C\u00e2t de \u201es\u0103n\u0103tos\u201d este acum Internetul? Organiza\u021bia se confrunt\u0103 cu o r\u0103spuns clar. Mediul digital este un ecosistem complex, la fel ca planeta pe care tr\u0103im. Anul trecut, au existat o serie de tendin\u021be pozitive care arat\u0103 c\u0103 Internetul \u0219i rela\u021biile noastre cu acesta se \u00eendreapt\u0103 \u00een direc\u021bia corect\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Apelurile pentru protec\u021bia datelor personale devin din ce \u00een ce mai puternice. Anul trecut a adus o schimbare titanic\u0103 \u00een con\u0219tientizarea publicului despre confiden\u021bialitate \u0219i securitate \u00een lumea digital\u0103, \u00een mare parte datorit\u0103 scandalului Cambridge Analytica. Aceast\u0103 con\u0219tientizare continu\u0103 s\u0103 creasc\u0103, precum \u0219i s\u0103 se materializeze \u00een forme de legi \u0219i proiecte concrete. Regulatorii europeni, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu observatori din societatea civil\u0103 \u0219i utilizatori individuali ai Internetului, asigur\u0103 respectarea GDPR. \u00cen ultimele luni, Google a fost amendat\u0103 cu 50 de milioane de euro pentru \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri ale GDPR \u00een Fran\u021ba, iar zeci de mii de pl\u00e2ngeri pentru \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103ri au fost depuse \u00een \u00eentreaga lume.<\/li>\n<li>Exist\u0103 progrese semnificative \u00een utilizarea mai responsabil\u0103 a inteligen\u021bei artificiale (IA). Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce deficien\u021bele abord\u0103rilor actuale devin din ce \u00een ce mai evidente, speciali\u0219tii \u0219i activi\u0219tii \u00ee\u0219i exprim\u0103 opiniile \u0219i caut\u0103 solu\u021bii noi. Ini\u021biative precum Safe Face Pledge dezvolt\u0103 tehnologia de analiz\u0103 facial\u0103 care ar servi intereselor generale. De asemenea, exper\u021bi precum Joy Buolamwini, fondatoarea Ligii Justi\u021biei Algoritmice, discut\u0103 despre rolul organiza\u021biilor influente, cum ar fi Comisia Federal\u0103 de Comer\u021b \u0219i Grupul Tehnic Global al UE.<\/li>\n<li>Se acord\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie rolului \u0219i influen\u021bei marilor corpora\u021bii. \u00cen ultimul an, tot mai multe persoane au remarcat c\u0103 opt companii controleaz\u0103 cea mai mare parte a Internetului. Ca rezultat, ora\u0219ele din SUA \u0219i Europa devin un contrabalans fa\u021b\u0103 de acestea, asigur\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103 tehnologiile municipale prioritizeaz\u0103 drepturile omului asupra profitului comercial. Coali\u021bia \u201e<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/citiesfordigitalrights.org\/\">Ora\u0219e pentru Drepturile Digitale<\/a><\/noindex>\u201d num\u0103r\u0103 \u00een prezent peste dou\u0103zeci de participan\u021bi. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, angaja\u021bii Google, Amazon \u0219i Microsoft cer ca angajatorii lor s\u0103 nu foloseasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu v\u00e2nd\u0103 tehnologiile lor \u00een scopuri discutabile. Idei precum platformele cooperative \u0219i proprietatea comun\u0103 sunt considerate o alternativ\u0103 la monopolul corporativ existent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, exist\u0103 multe domenii \u00een care situa\u021bia s-a \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021bit sau unde au avut loc evenimente \u00eengrijor\u0103toare pentru organiza\u021bie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cenzura pe Internet prosper\u0103. Guvernele din \u00eentreaga lume continu\u0103 s\u0103 limiteze accesul la Internet prin numeroase modalit\u0103\u021bi, de la cenzura direct\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la impunerea de taxe suplimentare pentru utilizarea re\u021belelor sociale. \u00cen 2018, au fost \u00eenregistrate 188 de opriri de internet la nivel mondial. A ap\u0103rut, de asemenea, o nou\u0103 form\u0103 de cenzur\u0103: \u00eencetinirea internetului. Guvernele \u0219i organele de drept limiteaz\u0103 accesul pe anumite canale, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00eenc\u0103rcarea unui singur post pe o re\u021bea social\u0103 poate dura c\u00e2teva ore. Aceast\u0103 tehnologie ajut\u0103 regimurile represive s\u0103 nege responsabilitatea lor.<\/li>\n<li>Abuzul utiliz\u0103rii datelor biometrice continu\u0103. Atunci c\u00e2nd grupuri mari de popula\u021bie nu au acces la identificatori biometrici \u2014 acest lucru nu este bine, deoarece ei pot facilita considerabil via\u021ba \u00een multe privin\u021be. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een practic\u0103, tehnologiile biometrice adesea aduc beneficii doar guvernelor \u0219i subiec\u021bilor priva\u021bi, nu \u0219i indivizilor. \u00cen India, peste 1 miliard de cet\u0103\u021beni sunt expu\u0219i riscurilor din cauza vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor din Aadhaar, sistemul guvernamental de identificare biometric\u0103. \u00cen Kenya, organiza\u021biile pentru drepturile omului au ac\u021bionat guvernul \u00een judecat\u0103 pentru formarea unei baze na\u021bionale de gestionare a identit\u0103\u021bii (NIIMS), care va deveni \u00een cur\u00e2nd obligatorie \u0219i este destinat\u0103 colect\u0103rii \u0219i stoc\u0103rii informa\u021biilor despre ADN-ul oamenilor, loca\u021bia lor acas\u0103 prin GPS \u0219i multe altele.<\/li>\n<li>Inteligen\u021ba artificial\u0103 devine un instrument pentru discriminare. Gigantii tehnologici din SUA \u0219i China integreaz\u0103 rapid IA \u00een solu\u021bionarea diferitelor probleme, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 cont de poten\u021bialul r\u0103u \u0219i efectele negative. Ca urmare, sistemele de recunoa\u0219tere a fe\u021bei utilizate \u00een aplicarea legii, banking, recrutare \u0219i publicitate, discrimineaz\u0103 adesea femeile \u0219i persoanele de alte culori ale pielii din cauza datelor inexacte, presupunerilor gre\u0219ite \u0219i absen\u021bei verific\u0103rilor tehnice. Unele companii creeaz\u0103 \u201econsilii de etic\u0103\u201d pentru a alina temerile societ\u0103\u021bii, dar criticii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 aceste consilii au un impact nesemnificativ sau nu au deloc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/81aea47c7f0a65311bb0853343ce5f3e.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi luat \u00een considerare toate aceste tendin\u021be \u0219i multe alte date din raport, se poate concluziona c\u0103 Internetul are un poten\u021bial care ne poate \u00een\u0103l\u021ba sau ne poate l\u0103sa \u00een abis. \u00cen ultimii c\u00e2\u021biva ani, acest lucru a devenit evident pentru un num\u0103r mare de oameni. De asemenea, a devenit clar c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 facem un pas \u00eenainte \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencepem s\u0103 ac\u021bion\u0103m dac\u0103 dorim ca lumea digital\u0103 a viitorului s\u0103 fie mai degrab\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 pentru umanitate dec\u00e2t negativ\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mozilla a publicat raportul despre libertatea, accesibilitatea \u0219i umanitatea Internetului pentru anul 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/79d5c0b2aee63e1ca03c818981c41845.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>O veste bun\u0103 este c\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai multe persoane \u00ee\u0219i dedic\u0103 via\u021ba cre\u0103rii unei Internet mai \u201es\u0103n\u0103toase\u201d \u0219i umane. \u00cen raportul Mozilla din acest an, ve\u021bi putea citi despre voluntarii din Etiopia, avoca\u021bii pentru drepturile digitale din Polonia, cercet\u0103torii \u00een domeniul drepturilor omului din Iran \u0219i China \u0219i multe altele.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219a cum afirm\u0103 Mozilla, scopul principal al raportului este de a reflecta situa\u021bia actual\u0103 din re\u021beaua global\u0103, dar \u0219i de a fi o resurs\u0103 pentru lucrul la schimbarea acesteia. Este menit s\u0103 inspire dezvoltatorii \u0219i designerii s\u0103 creeze produse noi \u0219i libere, s\u0103 ofere politicienilor context \u0219i idei pentru legi, \u0219i, \u00eenainte de toate, s\u0103 ofere cet\u0103\u021benilor \u0219i activi\u0219tilor o imagine de ansamblu asupra modului \u00een care al\u021bii aspir\u0103 la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea Internetului, sper\u00e2nd c\u0103 \u0219i mai multe persoane din \u00eentreaga lume vor lupta pentru schimb\u0103ri al\u0103turi de ei.<\/p>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t<center><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/center><br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.3dnews.ru\/986496\">3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Mozilla, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 Firefox, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e 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