{"id":32623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:48:03","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:48:03","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:03","slug":"kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm","title":{"rendered":"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c2a86267246957bb5122480bd810e45a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrimele comunicate de pres\u0103 despre apari\u021bia modulelor optice pluggable CFP coerente (coherent CFP optical pluggable modules) au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 acum aproximativ 5-6 ani. Atunci, utilizarea lor \u00een sistemele de amplificare optic\u0103 era o noutate \u0219i reprezenta, de fapt, o solu\u021bie de ni\u0219\u0103. Acum, dup\u0103 \u0219ase ani, aceste module au p\u0103truns ferm \u00een lumea telecomunica\u021biilor \u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige popularitate. Ce tipuri exist\u0103, cu ce se deosebesc \u0219i ce solu\u021bii bazate pe ele se ofer\u0103 (\u0219i, desigur, imagini sub spoilere) \u2013 toate acestea le g\u0103si\u021bi mai jos. Pentru a citi articolul, ave\u021bi nevoie de o \u00een\u021belegere a principiilor de baz\u0103 ale sistemelor DWDM.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>O scurt\u0103 incursiune \u00een trecut. <\/h3>\n<p>\nIstoric, pentru modulele optice pluggable cu viteza de transfer de 100G, primul a fost factorul de form\u0103 CFP, care a fost de asemenea primul factor de form\u0103 pentru solu\u021biile CFP-WDM. \u00cen acel moment, pe pia\u021b\u0103 existau dou\u0103 solu\u021bii:<\/p>\n<p>1. CFP de la <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/menaranet.com\/index.php?route=information\/information&amp;information_id=23\">Menara <\/a><\/noindex> (acum parte a IPG Photonics) care permitea transmiterea a patru canale distincte de 28Gbps \u00een re\u021beaua de frecven\u021b\u0103 DWDM de 50GHz folosind modularea impulsurilor. Nu a avut o r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire semnificativ\u0103, de\u0219i \u00een principiu prezenta un poten\u021bial interesant pentru construc\u021bia de re\u021bele metropolitane. Ulterior \u00een articol, nu vom analiza astfel de module.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2124760c2bc122e068a8e30fe554d7ef.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n2. CFP de la pionierii \u2013 Acacia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/ir.acacia-inc.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/acacia-communications-announces-industrys-first-coherent-100g\">comunicat de pres\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, construit pe cea mai avansat\u0103 tehnologie de detec\u021bie coerent\u0103 a momentului, folosind modularea DP-QPSK.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ee7613923b7d92472cbaf8e1aaf88668.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Ce a \u00eensemnat o revolu\u021bie pentru modulele de la Acacia:<\/b> \u2014 acesta a fost primul modul din industrie care oferea un canal coerent separat de 50GHz 100Gbit DP-QPSK<br \/>\n \u2014 complet reglabil (tunable) \u00een banda C<\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de aceasta, astfel de solu\u021bii ar\u0103tau aproximativ astfel: un laser liniar era un element fix al pl\u0103cii, pe care se afla un singur conector pentru modulul optic client. Ar\u0103ta cam a\u0219a: <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/024b329e49d00f8b593d2f09a4313031.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nV\u0103 reamintesc, \u00een acel moment era anul 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\nUn astfel de modul \u00eenlocuia interfa\u021ba DWDM liniar\u0103 clasic\u0103 pe un transponder clasic, care func\u021biona \u00een banda C, care putea fi amplificat, multiplexat etc.<br \/>\nAcum, principiile construirea re\u021belelor coerente au devenit \u00een mod de facto standard de construc\u021bie \u00een bran\u0219\u0103 \u0219i nu mai surprind pe nimeni, iar densitatea \u0219i distan\u021ba sistemelor de amplificare optic\u0103 au crescut exponen\u021bial. <\/p>\n<h3>Componen\u021bii modulului<\/h3>\n<p>\nPrimul lor modul (Acacia) a fost de tip CFP-ACO. Mai jos este un scurt rezumat despre cum difer\u0103 modulele Coherent CFP. Dar, pentru aceasta, trebuie \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 facem un mic off-topic \u0219i s\u0103 explic\u0103m pu\u021bin ce este DSP, care este \u00een mare parte inima acestei tehnologii.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">pu\u021bin despre modul \u0219i DSP<\/b>Modulul este compus \u00een general din mai multe componente<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d7815306c8652d263d0432768859b280.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Laser reconfigurabil cu band\u0103 \u00eengust\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Modulator Coherent cu polarizare dual\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Converter digital-analog (DAC\/ADC) \u2013 DAC care transform\u0103 semnalul digital \u00een optic \u0219i invers.<\/li>\n<li>Procesor de semnal digital (DSP) \u2013 recupereaz\u0103 informa\u021bia util\u0103 din semnal, elimin\u00e2nd influen\u021bele exercitate asupra semnalului util \u00een procesul de transmitere. \u00cen special:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Compensarea dispersiei cromatice (CMD). De asemenea, capacitatea sa de compensare matematic\u0103 este practic nelimitat\u0103. \u0218i aceasta este minunat, deoarece compensarea fizic\u0103 CMD a generat \u00eentotdeauna destul de multe probleme, deoarece a dus la amplificarea efectelor non-liniare \u00een fibr\u0103. Pute\u021bi citi mai multe despre efectele non-liniare pe internet sau \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Optical-Networks-Perspective-Rajiv-Ramaswami-ebook\/dp\/B003FQM3JM\">carte<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Compensarea dispersiei modale de polarizare (PMD). Compensarea se realizeaz\u0103 de asemenea printr-un mod matematic, dar din cauza complexit\u0103\u021bii naturii PMD, acesta este un proces mai complicat \u0219i anume PMD este acum una dintre principalele cauze ale limit\u0103rii distan\u021bei de operare a sistemelor optice (pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 atenuare \u0219i efecte non-liniare).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nDSP func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la viteze foarte mari de simboluri, \u00een cele mai noi sisteme aceste viteze sunt de aproximativ 69 Gbaud.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Atunci, cu ce se deosebesc?<\/h3>\n<p>\nModulele optice coerente se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 \u00eentre ele prin amplasarea DSP-ului:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CFP-ACO \u2013 Modulul con\u021bine doar partea optic\u0103. Toat\u0103 electronica este amplasat\u0103 pe placa (card; board) de echipamente \u00een care este inserat acest modul. La momentul respectiv, pur \u0219i simplu nu existau tehnologii care s\u0103 permit\u0103 plasarea DSP-ului \u00een interiorul modulului optic. Practic, acestea sunt module de prima genera\u021bie.<\/li>\n<li>CFP-DCO \u2013 \u00een acest caz, DSP-ul este situat \u00een modulul optic \u00eensu\u0219i. Modulul reprezint\u0103 o \"solu\u021bie complet\u0103\". Acestea sunt module de a doua genera\u021bie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Module externe au format identic. Cependant, ils ont un contenu, une consommation (DCO environ deux fois plus) et une \u00e9mission de chaleur diff\u00e9rentes. Par cons\u00e9quent, les fabricants de solutions ont une certaine flexibilit\u00e9 - ACO fournit une int\u00e9gration plus profonde des solutions, DCO permet d'obtenir une solution \u00ab cl\u00e9 en main \u00bb, en utilisant un module optique comme un cube Lego pour construire sa propre solution. Un point s\u00e9par\u00e9 - dans la grande majorit\u00e9 des cas, le fonctionnement d'une paire de DSP est uniquement possible avec le m\u00eame fabricant. Cela impose certaines restrictions et <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opticalconnectionsnews.com\/2019\/03\/acacia-and-lumentum-demo-200g-cfp2-dco-interoperability\/\">rend potentiellement les modules DCO beaucoup plus attrayants pour les t\u00e2ches d'interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9volution de la solution<\/h3>\n<p>\nPuisque le progr\u00e8s ne s'arr\u00eate pas et <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cfp-msa.org\">MSA<\/a><\/noindex> d\u00e9veloppe constamment de nouvelles normes, le dernier format dans lequel il a \u00e9t\u00e9 possible d'installer DSP est le CFP2. <b class=\"spoiler_title\">En fait, je pense qu'ils sont proches de l'\u00e9tape suivante. Voici le CFP4-ACO<\/b>par pur hasard, je suis tomb\u00e9 sur cette <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finisar.com\/optical-transceivers\/ftlc3341x3nl\">merveille<\/a><\/noindex>: Mais je ne connais pas encore de produits commerciaux utilisant ces modules.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/dadeec491da06e2c75ae1c92abf75721.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Le format (CFP2) est actuellement pr\u00e9dominant dans tous les produits commerciaux pr\u00eats \u00e0 l'emploi. Ce sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces connecteurs que vous avez probablement vus sur l'\u00e9quipement de t\u00e9l\u00e9communications, et beaucoup sont d\u00e9rout\u00e9s de les voir beaucoup plus grands que les QSFP28 habituels. Maintenant, vous savez une des mani\u00e8res de leur utilisation (mais il vaut mieux v\u00e9rifier si l'\u00e9quipement peut fonctionner avec CFP2-ACO\/DCO).<br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">comparaison des connecteurs QSFP28 et CFP2 sur l'exemple de Juniper AXC6160<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/686813b918174d97c984f169542e7550.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Outre des dimensions compactes, les m\u00e9thodes de modulation sont \u00e9galement perfectionn\u00e9es. Dans tous les produits CFP2-ACO\/DCO que je connais, la modulation DP-QPSK est prise en charge, mais aussi QAM-8 \/ QAM-16. C'est pourquoi ces modules sont appel\u00e9s 100G\/200G. Le client peut choisir la modulation qui lui convient en fonction des t\u00e2ches. Dans un proche avenir, des modules supportant des vitesses allant jusqu'\u00e0 400G sur un seul canal optique devraient appara\u00eetre.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u00c9volution des solutions Acacia<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/18920bae667f645af8769e713997c3ea.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Cependant, dans la grande majorit\u00e9 des cas, pour les solutions Ultra long haul (ULH), des interfaces lin\u00e9aires classiques non modulaires sont utilis\u00e9es, permettant d'assurer une plus grande port\u00e9e, un meilleur OSNR et des niveaux de modulation plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Par cons\u00e9quent, le principal domaine d'application des modules coh\u00e9rents est principalement les r\u00e9seaux m\u00e9tropolitains\/r\u00e9gionaux. Si l'on regarde <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/assets\/us\/en\/local\/pdf\/industry-reports\/2000696-en.pdf\">aici<\/a><\/noindex>, on peut voir qu'ils ont probablement <b class=\"spoiler_title\">de bonnes perspectives :<\/b><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"module CFP WDM coerente (100G\/200G) \u0219i aplica\u021biile lor \u00een sistemele DWDM\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1c4d901b84e7a42f2731d8540271f4e6.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Fabricants DSP<\/h3>\n<p>\nProduc\u0103torii globali de DSP coherent care \u00eei v\u00e2nd pentru companii ter\u021be sunt: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/acacia-inc.com\/products\/\">Acacia<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ciena.com\/wavelogic\/coherent-optics\/\">Ciena<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inphi.com\/\">INPHI<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ntt-electronics.com\/en\/\">NTT<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Produc\u0103tori CFP2-ACO\/DCO<\/h3>\n<p>\nProduc\u0103tori de module coerente ACO\/DCO: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/acacia-inc.com\/products\/\">Acacia <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO; CFP2-DCO; CFP-DCO<\/li>\n<li>Oclaro (la momentul redact\u0103rii articolului, absorbit de Lumentum)<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lumentum.com\/en\/optical-communications\/products\/dwdm-and-coherent-optical-transceivers\/100g-200g-coherent-transceivers\">Lumentum <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO \u0219i CFP2-DCO <\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.neophotonics.com\/product-category\/pluggable-coherent-modules\/\">NeoPhotonics <\/a><\/noindex>CFP-DCO<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finisar.com\/optical-transceivers?f%5B0%5D=field_data_rate_general%3A100G&amp;f%5B1%5D=field_distance_general%3A%3E100km\">Finisar <\/a><\/noindex>CFP2-ACO; CFP4-ACO<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lightwaveonline.com\/articles\/2019-lightwave-innovation-reviews\/menara-networks-an-ipg-photonics-company-200g-cfp2-dco.html\">Menara CFP2-DCO<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 o parte dintre aceste companii se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o stare <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-11-09\/ii-vi-to-buy-finisar-in-laser-optic-deal-valued-at-3-2-billion\">de evaluare \u0219i posibile fuziuni<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i achizi\u021bii, pia\u021ba furnizorilor de solu\u021bii similare, cred eu, se va restr\u00e2nge. Produc\u021bia acestor module este o tehnologie complex\u0103, de aceea cred c\u0103 achizi\u021bionarea lor de la furnizorii din China va fi deocamdat\u0103 imposibil\u0103 \u0219i cred c\u0103 va dura destul de mult. <\/p>\n<h3>Impactul asupra industriei<\/h3>\n<p>Apari\u021bia acestor module a dus la o mic\u0103 transformare a ecosistemului de solu\u021bii oferite pe pia\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Produc\u0103torii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 le utilizeze \u00een solu\u021bii DWDM clasice (transponder), ca interfe\u021be liniare obi\u0219nuite. Au ob\u021binut un bonus \u00een modularitate, flexibilitate \u0219i reducerea costurilor (de altfel, aceste solu\u021bii sunt adesea alese ca Alien Wavelength). De exemplu: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.juniper.net\/documentation\/en_US\/bti-series\/bti78004.2\/topics\/concept\/concept-c-7800-swicg-ufm-overview.html\">BTI UFM6<\/a><\/noindex> (Juniper)<\/li>\n<li><noindex>Packetlight PL2000xx<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.extranet.coriant.com\/resources\/Data-Sheets\/DS_Groove_G30_NDP_Muxponder_74C0157.pdf\">Coriant Groove G30<\/a><\/noindex>(Infinera) <\/li>\n<li><noindex>Huawei TN18LSC<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/media.ciena.com\/documents\/5430_Packet_Optical_Platform_DS.pdf\">Ciena 5430<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fujitsu.com\/us\/products\/network\/products\/1finity-t100\/index.html\">Fujitsu 1FINITY<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>produc\u0103torii care d\u00e9j\u00e0 furnizeaz\u0103 echipamente telecom \u2014 switch-uri \u0219i routere, \u0219i-au extins nomenclatura \u0219i au ad\u0103ugat suport pentru astfel de module, apropiindu-ne <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/opticalconnectionsnews.com\/2019\/04\/tencent-completes-200g-ip-over-dwdm-demo-using-acacias-cfp2-dco\/\">de a\u0219a-numitele sisteme IPoDWDM<\/a><\/noindex>. De exemplu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Juniper (MX\/QFX\/ACX)<\/li>\n<li>Cisco (NCS\/ASR)<\/li>\n<li>Nokia (SR)<\/li>\n<li>Arista (7500R)<\/li>\n<li>Edge-Core (Cassini AS7716-24SC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nToate aceste m\u0103rci enumerate au deja \u00een liniile lor de echipamente pl\u0103ci pentru routere sau switch-uri care sus\u021bin modulele CFP2 coerente.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Separat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> merit\u0103 men\u021bionate \u0219i tendin\u021bele interesante din comunitatea global\u0103, cum ar fi proiectul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/telecominfraproject.com\/\">TIP <\/a><\/noindex>unul dintre fociurile sale fiind dezvoltarea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/oopt.telecominfraproject.com\/\">re\u021belelor optice deschise<\/a><\/noindex>. Construirea acestor re\u021bele va permite integrarea echipamentelor \u00een sistemele de management cu cod surs\u0103 deschis, f\u0103c\u00e2nd interac\u021biunea \u00eentre produc\u0103torii de sisteme optice mai transparent\u0103 \u0219i deschis\u0103. \u00cen plus, pe dispozitivele \u00een sine (at\u00e2t pe transpondere folosind module DCO, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe ROADM\/EDFA) se preconizeaz\u0103 utilizarea software-ului de la diferi\u021bi furnizori (de exemplu, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipinfusion.com\/\">Ipinfusion<\/a><\/noindex>). Prin urmare, tendin\u021ba din ultimii ani r\u0103m\u00e2ne unificarea bazei de componente a solu\u021biilor \u0219i unicitatea dezvolt\u0103rilor software, \u00een care s-a pus un accent considerabil pe solu\u021biile open-source.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 mul\u021bumesc pentru aten\u021bie, sper c\u0103 acest articol v-a fost interesant \u0219i util. \u00centreb\u0103rile suplimentare le pute\u021bi adresa \u00een comentarii sau personal. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi ceva de ad\u0103ugat pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, voi fi foarte bucuros.<\/p>\n<p><b class=\"spoiler_title\">imaginea principal\u0103 a articolului este preluat\u0103<\/b>De pe site <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colt.net\">www.colt.net<\/a><\/noindex>, sper c\u0103 nu se sup\u0103r\u0103. <\/p>\n<p class=\"for_users_only_msg\">Numai utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi pot participa la sondaj. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/auth\/login\/\">Conecta\u021bi-v\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u0103 rug\u0103m.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"default-block__polling-title\">V\u0103 intereseaz\u0103 tema DWDM?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"content-list content-list_polling\">\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Da, aceasta este munca mea (sau o parte din ea)!<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Da, uneori este interesant s\u0103 citesc despre acest DWDM al vostru.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"content-list__item content-list__item_polling\">\n<p>                    Nu, ce fac eu aici? (Travolta.gif)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>    3 utilizatori au votat. Nu sunt ab\u021bineri.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449330\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 CFP \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 (coherent CFP optical pluggable modules) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 5-6 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u043e.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kogerentnye-cfp-wdm-100g-200g-i-ih-primenenie-v-sistemah-dwdm\" 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