{"id":32767,"date":"2019-10-31T21:48:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-perestat-goret-ili-o-problemah-vhodyashhego-potoka-informatsii-sovremennogo-cheloveka\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:48:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:48:48","slug":"kak-perestat-goret-ili-o-problemah-vhodyashhego-potoka-informatsii-sovremennogo-cheloveka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/kak-perestat-goret-ili-o-problemah-vhodyashhego-potoka-informatsii-sovremennogo-cheloveka","title":{"rendered":"\u201eCum s\u0103 nu mai fii cople\u0219it\u201d, sau despre problemele fluxului de informa\u021bii al omului modern","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u201eCum s\u0103 nu mai fii cople\u0219it\u201d, sau despre problemele fluxului de informa\u021bii al omului modern\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/fc42f5c61895ead71514922808f55d28.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u00cen secolul XX, via\u021ba \u0219i munca oamenilor se desf\u0103\u0219urau conform unui plan. La munc\u0103 (simplific\u00e2nd, putem imagina o fabric\u0103), oamenii aveau un plan clar pentru s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, lun\u0103, an. Simplificat: trebuie s\u0103 tai 20 de piese. Nimeni nu va veni s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi spun\u0103 c\u0103 acum trebuie s\u0103 tai 37 de piese \u0219i, \u00een plus, s\u0103 scrii un articol cu g\u00e2nduri despre de ce forma acestor piese este anume a\u0219a \u2014 \u0219i ideal, ieri.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen via\u021ba cotidian\u0103 a oamenilor era cam la fel: for\u021bele majore erau adev\u0103rate for\u021be majore. Nu erau telefoane mobile, prietenul nu \u00ee\u021bi putea suna \u0219i s\u0103 cear\u0103 \u201es\u0103 vii urgent s\u0103 ajut s\u0103 rezolv\u0103m o problem\u0103\u201d, tr\u0103iai aproape toat\u0103 via\u021ba \u00eentr-un singur loc (\u201emutarea ca un incendiu\u201d) \u0219i pentru a ajuta p\u0103rin\u021bii, te g\u00e2ndeai \u00een general \u201es\u0103 vin \u00een decembrie pentru o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, s-a format un cod cultural, \u00een care te sim\u021beai satisf\u0103cut dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi \u00eendeplineai toate sarcinile. \u0218i asta era real. Ne\u00eendeplinirea tuturor sarcinilor era o abatare de la norm\u0103.<br \/>\nAcum totul este diferit. Instrumentul de lucru a devenit inteligen\u021ba, iar \u00een procesele de munc\u0103 este necesar s\u0103 \u00eel folose\u0219ti \u00een diverse ipostaze. Managerul modern (\u00een special cel de top) trece prin zeci de sarcini de diferite tipuri pe parcursul zilei. Iar cel mai important \u2014 managementul num\u0103rului de \u201emesaje primite\u201d nu poate fi realizat de c\u0103tre om. Noile sarcini pot anula vechile, pot schimba prioritatea acestora, pot modifica \u00een sine formularea vechilor sarcini. \u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, formularea unui plan \u00een avans \u0219i apoi \u00eendeplinirea acestuia etapizat este practic imposibil\u0103. Nu po\u021bi s\u0103 spui la o sarcin\u0103 recent\u0103 \u201eavem o solicitare urgent\u0103 de la fiscul, trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103spundem ast\u0103zi, altfel amend\u0103\u201d c\u0103 \u201e\u00eel voi planifica pentru s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na viitoare\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Cum s\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti cu asta \u2014 ca s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 timp pentru via\u021ba din afara muncii? \u0218i este posibil s\u0103 aplici aproxim\u0103ri de management \u00een via\u021ba cotidian\u0103? Acum trei luni am schimbat radical \u00eentregul sistem de stabilire a sarcinilor \u0219i de control asupra lor. Vreau s\u0103 povestesc cum am ajuns la asta \u0219i ce a ie\u0219it \u00een cele din urm\u0103. Piesa va fi \u00een 2 p\u0103r\u021bi: \u00een prima \u2014 pu\u021bin despre, dac\u0103 se poate spune a\u0219a, ideologie. Iar a doua \u2014 complet despre practic\u0103.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nCred c\u0103 problema const\u0103 nu \u00een faptul c\u0103 sarcinile au crescut semnificativ. Problema este c\u0103 structura noastr\u0103 socio-cultural\u0103 este \u00eenc\u0103 setat\u0103 pe a \u00eendeplini \u201etoate sarcinile planificate pentru ziua de azi\u201d. Ne \u00eengrijor\u0103m c\u00e2nd planurile se destram\u0103, ne \u00eengrijor\u0103m c\u00e2nd nu finaliz\u0103m tot ce am planificat. Totu\u0219i, \u0219colile \u0219i universit\u0103\u021bile func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een continuare pe baza acelea\u0219i structuri: exist\u0103 un set stabilit de cursuri, exist\u0103 teme clare planificate, iar copilul \u00ee\u0219i formeaz\u0103 \u00een minte un model care presupune c\u0103 via\u021ba va continua astfel. Dac\u0103 ne imagin\u0103m o versiune rigid\u0103, \u00een realitate, la ora de englez\u0103 \u00eencepi s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti despre geografie, a doua or\u0103 dureaz\u0103 \u00een loc de patruzeci de minute un ceas \u0219i jum\u0103tate, a treia or\u0103 este anulat\u0103, iar la a patra, \u00een mijlocul lec\u021biei, \u00ee\u021bi sun\u0103 mama \u0219i te roag\u0103 urgent s\u0103 cumperi \u0219i s\u0103 aduci acas\u0103 ni\u0219te produse.<br \/>\nAceast\u0103 structur\u0103 socio-cultural\u0103 \u00eel face pe om s\u0103 spera c\u0103 poate schimba fluxul de informa\u021bii \u0219i astfel s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 via\u021ba, iar via\u021ba descris\u0103 mai sus este anormal\u0103, deoarece nu are un plan clar. <\/p>\n<p>Aceasta este problema principal\u0103. Trebuie s\u0103 con\u0219tientiz\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 accept\u0103m c\u0103 nu putem controla cantitatea de mesaje primite, putem controla doar modul \u00een care ne raport\u0103m la ele \u0219i cum, de fapt, le proces\u0103m. <\/p>\n<p>Nu ar trebui s\u0103 ne \u00eengrijor\u0103m \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu faptul c\u0103 sosesc din ce \u00een ce mai multe solicit\u0103ri de modificare a planurilor: nu mai lucr\u0103m la ma\u0219ini (cu c\u00e2teva excep\u021bii) iar scrisorile nu mai circul\u0103 timp de o lun\u0103 (da, sunt optimist), iar telefonul fix a devenit un anacronism. A\u0219adar, trebuie s\u0103 schimb\u0103m procesul de gestionare a mesajelor, iar via\u021ba curent\u0103 trebuie acceptat\u0103 a\u0219a cum este \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 con\u0219tientiz\u0103m c\u0103 vechea structur\u0103 socio-cultural\u0103 nu mai func\u021bioneaz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Ce putem face pentru a face lucrurile mai u\u0219oare? Este foarte dificil s\u0103 \u201efaci un site bun\u201d, dar cu un caiet de sarcini clar (sau m\u0103car cu o descriere mai clar\u0103 a sarcinii stabilite) ob\u021binerea unui rezultat corect (\u0219i, de fapt, ob\u021binerea oric\u0103rui rezultat) devine mult mai simpl\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai bun exemplu este propriul meu, a\u0219a c\u0103 voi \u00eencerca s\u0103 \u00eemi descompun dorin\u021bele. \u00cemi este clar c\u0103 nu se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor procesarea planurilor de via\u021b\u0103 \u0219i munc\u0103: acum este \u201er\u0103u\u201d, iar eu vreau s\u0103 fie \u201ebine\u201d. <\/p>\n<h3>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201er\u0103u\u201d \u0219i \u201ebine\u201d la un \u201enivel \u00eenalt\u201d de decompozi\u021bie? <\/h3>\n<p>\nR\u0103u: simt anxietate din cauza nesiguran\u021bei c\u0103 voi reu\u0219i s\u0103 fac tot ce am promis altora sau mie, m\u0103 simt frustrat c\u0103 nu pot ajunge la sarcinile pe care le-am planificat de mult, deoarece trebuie s\u0103 le am\u00e2n din cauza unor sarcini urgente sau pentru c\u0103 sunt prea dificile; nu pot s\u0103 m\u0103 dedic tuturor lucrurilor interesante, deoarece cea mai mare parte a timpului meu este ocupat\u0103 de munc\u0103 \u0219i via\u021ba de zi cu zi, este r\u0103u c\u0103 nu pot acorda timp familiei \u0219i odihnei. Un alt punct: nu m\u0103 g\u0103sesc \u00eentr-un mod constant de schimbare a contextului, iar acest lucru influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een mare parte tot ceea ce am enumerat mai sus.<\/p>\n<p>Bine: nu simt anxietate, pentru c\u0103 \u0219tiu cu ce voi fi ocupat \u00een timpul apropiat, aceast\u0103 lips\u0103 de nelini\u0219te \u00eemi permite s\u0103 \u00eemi petrec timpul liber \u00eentr-un mod de calitate, nu resimt o senza\u021bie regulat\u0103 de oboseal\u0103 (cuv\u00e2ntul \u201econstant\u201d nu se potrive\u0219te pentru mine, este \u00eentr-adev\u0103r regulat), nu trebuie s\u0103 m\u0103 stresez \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103 schimb constant pentru orice comunicare primit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, multe dintre cele de mai sus pot fi rezumate \u00eentr-o fraz\u0103 simpl\u0103: \u201ereducerea incertitudinii \u0219i necunoscutului\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, sarcina tehnic\u0103 devine ceva de genul:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Modificarea procesului de gestionare a sarcinilor primite - astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t contextul s\u0103 se schimbe.<\/li>\n<li>Lucru cu sistemul de gestionare a sarcinilor - astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t m\u0103car sarcinile curente \u0219i ideile s\u0103 nu fie uitate \u0219i s\u0103 fie procesate c\u00e2ndva.<\/li>\n<li>Reglarea previzibilit\u0103\u021bii zilei de m\u00e2ine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00cenainte de a schimba ceva, trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg ce pot schimba \u0219i ce nu.<\/h3>\n<p>Sarcina complex\u0103 \u0219i enorm\u0103 este de a \u00een\u021belege \u0219i a recunoa\u0219te c\u0103 fluxul de sarcini primite nu \u00eel pot schimba, iar acest flux este o parte a vie\u021bii mele, \u00een care m-am aflat din voin\u021ba mea; avantajele unei astfel de vie\u021bi dep\u0103\u0219esc dezavantajele.<\/p>\n<p>Poate c\u0103 la primul pas \u00een rezolvarea problemei ar trebui s\u0103 te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti: vrei cu adev\u0103rat locul \u00een via\u021b\u0103 \u00een care te afli, sau vrei altceva? \u0218i dac\u0103 \u021bi se pare c\u0103 vrei altceva, atunci poate c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 lucrezi la asta \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un psiholog\/psihanalist\/psihoterapeut\/guru\/cum \u00eei nume\u0219ti tu \u2014 \u00eentrebarea este at\u00e2t de profund\u0103 \u0219i serioas\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t nu voi intra \u00een aceasta. <\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, m\u0103 aflu acolo unde m\u0103 aflu, \u00eemi place, am o companie de 100 de angaja\u021bi (am dorit \u00eentotdeauna s\u0103 fac afaceri), m\u0103 ocup de o munc\u0103 interesant\u0103 (aceasta implic\u0103 interac\u021biunea cu oamenii, inclusiv pentru atingerea obiectivelor profesionale \u2014 \u00eentotdeauna m-a interesat \u201eingineria social\u0103\u201d \u0219i tehnologia), afacerea se bazeaz\u0103 pe \u201erezolvarea problemelor\u201d (\u00eentotdeauna mi-a pl\u0103cut s\u0103 fiu \u201efixer\u201d), m\u0103 simt bine acas\u0103. \u00cemi place aici, cu excep\u021bia \u201easpectelor negative\u201d men\u021bionate \u00een sec\u021biunea \u201er\u0103u\u201d. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care o astfel de via\u021b\u0103 \u00eemi place, nu pot schimba (cu excep\u021bia deleg\u0103rii sarcinilor, despre care voi vorbi mai jos) fluxul de intrare, dar pot schimba modul de gestionare al acestuia.<br \/>\nCum anume? Sunt un sus\u021bin\u0103tor al conceptului c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 mergem de la mai pu\u021bin la mai mult \u2014 mai \u00eent\u00e2i s\u0103 rezolv\u0103m cele mai presante probleme, care pot fi rezolvate prin modific\u0103ri simple, \u0219i s\u0103 avans\u0103m spre schimb\u0103ri mai mari.<\/p>\n<p>Toate schimb\u0103rile pe care le-am f\u0103cut pot fi reduse la trei direc\u021bii; le voi enumera de la schimb\u0103rile simple (pentru mine) la cele mai complexe:<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Gestionarea \u0219i p\u0103strarea sarcinilor.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Niciodat\u0103 nu am putut s\u0103 folosesc \u00een mod corespunz\u0103tor agendele pe h\u00e2rtie, s\u0103 notez \u0219i s\u0103 formulez o sarcin\u0103 \u2014 este o sarcin\u0103 foarte complicat\u0103 pentru mine, iar a sta regulat \u00eentr-un anumit task tracker \u2014 este cu at\u00e2t mai greu. <\/p>\n<p>Am acceptat asta \u0219i conceptul meu de baz\u0103 a fost c\u0103 lucrurile care se afl\u0103 \u00een mintea mea sunt cele mai importante. <\/p>\n<p>Gestionarea sarcinilor pentru mine se desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een acest mod:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sarcina pe care o am \u00een minte \u2014 o voi executa c\u00e2nd voi avea timp;<\/li>\n<li>sarcina primit\u0103 \u2014 dac\u0103 se face rapid, o execut imediat ce am primit-o, dac\u0103 dureaz\u0103 mult \u2014 promit c\u0103 o voi face;<\/li>\n<li>sarcinile despre care am uitat \u2014 le fac doar atunci c\u00e2nd sunt reamintite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nCu asta am reu\u0219it s\u0103 tr\u0103iesc \u00een condi\u021bii mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin acceptabile pentru o perioad\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u201esarcinile despre care am uitat\u201d s-au transformat \u00eentr-o problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Problema s-a manifestat \u00een dou\u0103 forme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Practic \u00een fiecare zi ap\u0103reau sarcini uitate care trebuiau f\u0103cute p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi (o situa\u021bie critic\u0103 care m-a obosit \u2014 un mesaj SMS de la executor judec\u0103toresc despre retragerea banilor din conturi pentru o amend\u0103 GIBDD \u00eenainte de zborul \u00een Statele Unite \u0219i nevoia urgent\u0103 de a \u00een\u021belege dac\u0103 m\u0103 vor l\u0103sa s\u0103 plec de fapt).<\/li>\n<li>O mul\u021bime de oameni consider\u0103 inoportun s\u0103 cear\u0103 detalii suplimentare despre o solicitare \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 aceste g\u00e2nduri pentru ei. Oamenii se sup\u0103r\u0103 c\u0103 ai uitat ceva, mai ales dac\u0103 este o cerere personal\u0103, iar dac\u0103 este o cerere de munc\u0103, aceasta devine rapid o situa\u021bie de urgen\u021b\u0103 care trebuie rezolvat\u0103 ast\u0103zi (vezi punctul \u00eent\u00e2i).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTrebuia s\u0103 fac ceva \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu asta.<\/p>\n<p>De\u0219i mi s-a p\u0103rut ciudat, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 notez toate sarcinile. Absolut toate. Am avut norocul s\u0103-mi dau seama singur, dar \u00een general, \u00eentreaga idee se leag\u0103 de concep\u021bia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Getting_Things_Done\">GTD<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Primul pas a fost pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103-mi descarc toate sarcinile din minte \u00eentr-un sistem c\u00e2t mai simplu pentru mine. S-a dovedit c\u0103 este <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/trello.com\">Trello<\/a><\/noindex>: interfa\u021ba este foarte rapid\u0103, procesul de creare a unei sarcini necesit\u0103 foarte pu\u021bin timp, exist\u0103 o aplica\u021bie simpl\u0103 pe telefon (mai apoi am trecut la Todoist, dar despre asta voi vorbi \u00een partea a doua, tehnic\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>Din fericire, m\u0103 ocup de management \u00een IT de 10 ani, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u0219tiu c\u0103 \u201ecrearea unei aplica\u021bii\u201d este o sarcin\u0103 sortit\u0103 e\u0219ecului, la fel ca \u201ea merge la doctor\u201d. De aceea, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 descompun sarcinile \u00een sub-sarcini sub form\u0103 de ac\u021biuni. <\/p>\n<p>\u00cen\u021beleg foarte bine c\u0103 sunt o persoan\u0103 foarte dependent\u0103 de feedback-ul pozitiv, pe care pot s\u0103 mi-l ofer \u0219i singur (dac\u0103 \u00eel observ). De aceea, sarcina \u201ea merge la doctor\u201d devine \u201ea alege la ce doctor s\u0103 mergi\u201d, \u201ea alege momentul potrivit pentru a merge la doctor\u201d, \u201ea suna \u0219i a face o programare\u201d. \u00cen acest proces, nu vreau s\u0103 m\u0103 for\u021bez: fiecare dintre aceste sarcini poate fi realizat\u0103 \u00eentr-una dintre zilele s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nii \u0219i s\u0103 fiu mul\u021bumit c\u0103 am trecut deja printr-un anumit pas.<\/p>\n<p><b>Punctul cheie: descompunerea sarcinilor \u0219i \u00eenregistrarea sarcinilor sub form\u0103 de ac\u021biuni scurte.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>At\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t sarcina este \u00een mintea ta \u0219i te g\u00e2nde\u0219ti c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 o \u00eendepline\u0219ti la un moment dat, nu vei fi lini\u0219tit. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 mai este \u0219i neregistrat\u0103 \u0219i ai uitat-o - vei suferi atunci c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti de ea \u0219i realizezi c\u0103 ai uitat-o. <\/p>\n<p>Aceasta se aplic\u0103 tuturor sarcinilor, inclusiv celor de zi cu zi: s\u0103 pleci la munc\u0103 \u0219i pe drum s\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti c\u0103 ai uitat s\u0103 arunci gunoiul nu este deloc pl\u0103cut. <\/p>\n<p>Aceste emo\u021bii pur \u0219i simplu nu sunt necesare. De aceea, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 notez toate sarcinile. <\/p>\n<p>Scopul este acela de a antrena capacitatea de a desc\u0103rca toate (absolut toate) sarcinile \u00eentr-un tracker, iar \u00een etapa urm\u0103toare s\u0103 \u00eencep s\u0103 nu mai g\u00e2ndesc la sarcinile \u00eenregistrate \u00een minte.<br \/>\nC\u00e2nd \u00ee\u021bi dai seama c\u0103 tot ce ai vrut s\u0103 faci este notat \u0219i mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu vei ajunge acolo \u2014 pentru mine personal, \u00eengrijorarea dispare.<\/p>\n<p>Nu mai e\u0219ti agitat c\u0103 \u00een mijlocul zilei \u00ee\u021bi aminte\u0219ti c\u0103 voiai s\u0103 schimbi becurile din hol, s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti cu un angajat sau s\u0103 scrii un document (\u0219i te arunci urgent s\u0103-l scrii).<br \/>\nMinimiz\u00e2nd num\u0103rul de sarcini uitate (\u00een acest context - nescrise), \u00eemi minimizez \u00eengrijorarea care apare atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eemi amintesc de aceste sarcini uitate.<\/p>\n<p>Nu toate pot fi notate \u0219i nu toate pot fi amintite, dar dac\u0103 mai \u00eenainte erau 100 de astfel de sarcini, ajung\u00e2nd la un anumit moment r\u0103m\u00e2n doar 10, iar simpla \u201eincidentelor\u201d de \u00eengrijorare devine mai pu\u021bin frecvent\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><b>Punctul cheie: not\u0103m tot, absolut tot, chiar dac\u0103 suntem siguri c\u0103 ne vom aminti. <\/b><br \/>\nNu pot aminti tot: oric\u00e2t de stupid ar p\u0103rea, notez totul, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u201ea scoate c\u00e2inele la plimbare\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ce am decis \u00een acest mod? A sc\u0103zut \u00eengrijorarea c\u0103 m\u0103 temeam constant s\u0103 nu uit ceva (revizuind \u00een minte planurile, sarcinile, promisiunile etc.), \u0219i \u00een general a disp\u0103rut acea schimbare inutil\u0103 \u00een minte despre \u201ea m\u0103 g\u00e2ndi la ce altceva a\u0219 fi putut promite\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. Reducerea reactivit\u0103\u021bii.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Nu putem reduce fluxul de lucru care vine, dar putem schimba modul \u00een care reac\u021bion\u0103m la acesta.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centotdeauna am fost o persoan\u0103 reactiv\u0103 \u0219i \u00eemi pl\u0103cea asta, r\u0103spundeam imediat la cererea cuiva de a face ceva la telefon, \u00eencercam s\u0103 finalizez imediat sarcina stabilit\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 sau \u00een gospod\u0103rie, \u00een general eram maxim de rapid, sim\u021bind pl\u0103cerea din asta. Nu este o problem\u0103, dar devine problem\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd o astfel de reac\u021bie devine instinctual\u0103. Nu mai po\u021bi distinge c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti cu adev\u0103rat necesar imediat \u0219i c\u00e2nd oamenii pot bine s\u0103 a\u0219tepte.<\/p>\n<p>Problema este c\u0103 din asta se dezvolt\u0103 \u0219i senza\u021bii negative: pe de o parte, dac\u0103 nu reu\u0219eam s\u0103 fac ceva sau uitam de ce am promis c\u0103 voi reac\u021biona, m\u0103 deprimam puternic, dar acest lucru separat nu era critic. A devenit critic \u00een momentul \u00een care num\u0103rul sarcinilor la care voiam s\u0103 reac\u021bionez instinctiv imediat a dep\u0103\u0219it capacit\u0103\u021bile fizice de a face asta. <\/p>\n<p>Am \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b s\u0103 nu reac\u021bionez imediat la solicit\u0103ri. La \u00eenceput, a fost pur \u0219i simplu o solu\u021bie tehnic\u0103: la fiecare cerere de genul \u201ete rog, f\u0103 asta\u201d, \u201ete rog, ajut\u0103-m\u0103\u201d, \u201ehai s\u0103 ne \u00eent\u00e2lnim\u201d, \u201ehai s\u0103 ne sun\u0103m\u201d, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eemi stabilesc ca prim\u0103 sarcin\u0103 s\u0103 procesez acea cerere \u0219i s\u0103 planific c\u00e2nd o voi \u00eendeplini, \u00een loc s\u0103 reac\u021bionez sau s\u0103 analizez c\u00e2nd voi face asta. Deci, prima sarcin\u0103 din tracker nu devine s\u0103 \u00eendeplinesc ceea ce a fost solicitat, ci sarcina \u201es\u0103 citesc m\u00e2ine ce a scris Vania pe Telegram \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc dac\u0103 pot face asta \u0219i c\u00e2nd, dac\u0103 pot\u201d. Cea mai grea parte este s\u0103 lup\u021bi cu instinctele: o mul\u021bime de oameni cer de obicei reac\u021bii rapide, iar dac\u0103 ai obiceiul s\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti \u00een ritmul acestei reac\u021bii, te sim\u021bi inconfortabil dac\u0103 nu r\u0103spunzi imediat la cererea cuiva. <\/p>\n<p>Dar a avut loc o minune: se pare c\u0103 9 din 10 persoane care cer s\u0103 fac ceva \u201eieri\u201d pot a\u0219tepta lini\u0219tit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u201em\u00e2ine\u201d, c\u00e2nd ajungi la problema lor, dac\u0103 le-ai spus pur \u0219i simplu c\u0103 m\u00e2ine te vei ocupa de asta. Acest lucru, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu notarea sarcinilor \u0219i \u00eendeplinirea promisiunilor, \u00ee\u021bi simplific\u0103 via\u021ba at\u00e2t de mult, \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00eencepi s\u0103 sim\u021bi c\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti acum \u00eentr-un plan structurat (sau poate c\u0103 asta este, de fapt,). Este evident nevoie de o mare practic\u0103, dar, de fapt, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care ai adoptat aceast\u0103 regul\u0103, po\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba rapid. \u0218i acesta rezolv\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 problemele de schimbare a contextului \u0219i de ne\u00eendeplinire a planurilor. \u00cencerc s\u0103 plasez toate sarcinile noi pentru m\u00e2ine, toate cererile la care r\u0103spundeam p\u00e2n\u0103 acum reactiv, le-am mutat de asemenea pentru m\u00e2ine, iar apoi, diminea\u021ba, m\u0103 ocup de ele \u0219i decid ce pot face \u0219i c\u00e2nd. Planurile pentru \u201east\u0103zi\u201d devin mai pu\u021bin fluctuante.<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Stabilirea priorit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i gestionarea sarcinilor nea\u0219teptate.<\/b><br \/>\nA\u0219a cum am spus la \u00eenceput, am recunoscut pentru mine c\u0103 fluxul de sarcini din fiecare zi este mai mare dec\u00e2t pot finaliza. Totu\u0219i, setul de sarcini reactive r\u0103m\u00e2ne. De aceea, \u00een fiecare diminea\u021b\u0103 analizez sarcinile stabilite pentru ziua respectiv\u0103: care trebuie cu adev\u0103rat s\u0103 fie realizate azi, care pot fi am\u00e2nate pentru diminea\u021ba urm\u0103toare pentru a determina c\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 fie realizate, care ar trebui delegate \u0219i care pot fi pur \u0219i simplu eliminate. Dar lucrurile nu se opresc aici.<\/p>\n<p>O frustr\u0103ri mari apar atunci c\u00e2nd seara realizezi c\u0103 nu ai finalizat sarcinile critice planificate pentru ast\u0103zi. Dar, cel mai adesea, acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 deoarece ast\u0103zi au ap\u0103rut sarcini neprev\u0103zute, la care, \u00een ciuda eforturilor de a am\u00e2na reac\u021bia, a fost necesar s\u0103 r\u0103spunzi ast\u0103zi. Am \u00eenceput s\u0103 notez toate sarcinile pe care le-am finalizat ast\u0103zi imediat dup\u0103 ce le-am terminat. \u0218i seara, revizuiesc lista de sarcini finalizate. Am avut o discu\u021bie cu un avocat \u2014 am notat, am sunat un client \u2014 am notat. A avut loc un accident care trebuia gestionat \u2014 am notat. M-au sunat de la service \u0219i mi-au spus c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 aduc ma\u0219ina exact ast\u0103zi pentru a fi reparat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 duminic\u0103 \u2014 am notat. Aceasta permite at\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleg de ce nu am reu\u0219it s\u0103 finalizez sarcinile planificate pentru ast\u0103zi \u0219i s\u0103 nu m\u0103 \u00eengrijorez din acest motiv (dac\u0103 sarcinile neprev\u0103zute au meritat), c\u00e2t \u0219i s\u0103 observ unde a\u0219 putea s\u0103 gestionez mai pu\u021bin reactiv sarcinile incoming (s\u0103 spun service-ului c\u0103 nu reu\u0219esc \u0219i c\u0103 voi aduce ma\u0219ina doar m\u00e2ine, \u0219i s\u0103 aflu c\u0103 totu\u0219i se poate termina p\u00e2n\u0103 duminic\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 o voi aduce m\u00e2ine). \u00cencerc s\u0103 notez absolut toate sarcinile finalizate, p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u201eam semnat dou\u0103 acte de la contabilitate\u201d \u0219i un apel de un minut cu un coleg.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. Delegare.<\/b><br \/>\nEste cel mai dificil subiect pentru mine. \u0218i aici sunt mai degrab\u0103 fericit s\u0103 primesc, dec\u00e2t s\u0103 dau sfaturi. Abia \u00eenv\u0103\u021b s\u0103 m\u0103 ocup corect de acest lucru.<\/p>\n<p>Problema \u00een delegare const\u0103 \u00een organizarea proceselor de delegare. Acolo unde aceste procese sunt bine structurate, transfer\u0103m sarcinile cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103. Acolo unde procesele nu sunt stabilite, delegarea pare fie prea lung\u0103 (\u00een compara\u021bie cu c\u00e2t de repede a\u0219 face eu sarcina), fie pur \u0219i simplu imposibil\u0103 (nimeni, \u00een afar\u0103 de mine, nu poate realiza cu siguran\u021b\u0103 aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103).<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 absen\u021b\u0103 a proceselor creeaz\u0103 un blocaj \u00een minte: nici nu \u00eemi vine \u00een minte c\u0103 a\u0219 putea delega o sarcin\u0103. Cu doar c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00een urm\u0103, c\u00e2nd am decis s\u0103 trec de la Trello la Todoist, m-am prins c\u0103 am petrecut deja trei ore mut\u00e2nd sarcinile dintr-un sistem \u00een altul, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc m\u0103car c\u0103 ar putea face cineva altcineva. <\/p>\n<p>Experien\u021ba principal\u0103 pentru mine acum este s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219esc blocajul de a cere oamenilor s\u0103 fac\u0103 ceva \u00een acele cazuri c\u00e2nd sunt sigur c\u0103 nu vor fi de acord sau nu \u0219tiu cum s\u0103 fac\u0103. S\u0103-mi pierd timpul explic\u00e2nd. S\u0103 accept c\u0103 lucrurile vor dura mai mult. Dac\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219i\u021bi experien\u021ba dumneavoastr\u0103, voi fi foarte fericit.<\/p>\n<h3>Capcane<\/h3>\n<p>\nToate modific\u0103rile men\u021bionate mai sus sunt descrise prin sfaturi tehnice despre utilizarea software-ului, despre care voi scrie \u00een partea urm\u0103toare, iar \u00een concluzia acestei sec\u021biuni \u2014 despre dou\u0103 capcane \u00een care am c\u0103zut pe parcursul reorganiz\u0103rii vie\u021bii mele.<\/p>\n<p><b>Conceptul de oboseal\u0103. <\/b><br \/>\nAv\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 lucr\u0103m nu fizic, ci mental, apare o problem\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 \u0219i nea\u0219teptat\u0103 \u2014 s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem \u0219i s\u0103 observ\u0103m momentul \u00een care \u00eencepem s\u0103 ne sim\u021bim obosi\u021bi. Acest lucru ofer\u0103 oportunitatea de a lua o pauz\u0103 la timp.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru un muncitor conven\u021bional de la ma\u0219in\u0103, o astfel de problem\u0103 nu exist\u0103 \u00een principiu. Pe de o parte, sim\u021bul oboselei fizice ne este familiar \u00eenc\u0103 din copil\u0103rie, iar \u00een plus \u2014 este destul de dificil s\u0103 continui s\u0103 faci ceva fizic c\u00e2nd organismul nu mai poate. Nu putem, f\u0103c\u00e2nd 10 repet\u0103ri la sal\u0103, s\u0103 mai facem alte 5 \u201epentru c\u0103 a\u0219a trebuie\u201d. Aceast\u0103 motiva\u021bie nu va func\u021biona din motive biologice evidente.<\/p>\n<p>Situa\u021bia este oarecum diferit\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te g\u00e2ndirea: nu ne oprim din g\u00e2ndit. Nu am cercetat aceast\u0103 sfer\u0103, dar \u00een general, ipotezele sunt urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pentru o persoan\u0103 care se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o stare constant\u0103 de confuzie, oboseala mental\u0103 nu este remarcat\u0103 imediat. Aceasta nu apare sub forma unui g\u00e2nd \u201enu mai pot s\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc, voi sta \u00eentins\u201d \u2014 mai \u00eent\u00e2i afecteaz\u0103 spectrul emo\u021bional, abilit\u0103\u021bile de g\u00e2ndire, apoi percep\u021bia, dar undeva aici po\u021bi sim\u021bi c\u0103 te-a cople\u0219it. <\/li>\n<li>Pentru a ie\u0219i din flux, nu este suficient s\u0103 \u00eencetezi pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 te ocupi de munc\u0103. Am observat c\u0103, de exemplu, dac\u0103 \u00eencetez s\u0103 lucrez, stau \u00eentins \u0219i m\u0103 uit pe telefon, citesc, m\u0103 uit \u0219i totu\u0219i mintea continu\u0103 s\u0103 lucreze, oboseala nu dispare. M\u0103 ajut\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat s\u0103 m\u0103 \u00eentind \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103 for\u021bez s\u0103 nu fac nimic deloc (inclusiv s\u0103 m\u0103 joc pe telefon). Primele 10 minute sunt foarte dificile pentru a ie\u0219i din fluxul de activitate, urm\u0103toarele 10 minute, \u00eemi vin \u00een minte milioane de idei despre cum s\u0103 fac totul corect, iar apoi \u2014 deja este lini\u0219te. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nEste important s\u0103 oferi creierului o pauz\u0103, iar pentru c\u0103 este foarte dificil s\u0103 prinzi acest moment \u2014 trebuie s\u0103 faci asta \u00een mod regulat.<\/p>\n<p><b>Timp pentru relaxare \/ via\u021b\u0103 \/ familie. <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Eu, a\u0219a cum am scris deja, sunt dependent de feedback-ul pozitiv, dar pot s\u0103-l genereaz\u0103 singur: este at\u00e2t un bonus, c\u00e2t \u0219i o problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Din momentul \u00een care am \u00eenceput s\u0103 urm\u0103resc toate sarcinile, m\u0103 laud singur pentru cele \u00eendeplinite. La un moment dat, am trecut din starea de \u00abmi-am reglat via\u021ba profesional\u0103\u00bb \u00een starea de \u00abacum sunt supererou \u0219i pot face maximum de lucruri\u00bb, ajung\u00e2nd la 60 de sarcini pe zi. <\/p>\n<p>Am echilibrat activit\u0103\u021bile de munc\u0103 \u0219i cele de acas\u0103 \u0219i am inclus \u00eentotdeauna \u00een lista zilnic\u0103 \u0219i sarcini casnice, dar problema este c\u0103 acestea sunt totu\u0219i sarcini. Este necesar s\u0103 ai timp pentru relaxare \u0219i pentru familie. <br \/>\nLucr\u0103torul din fabric\u0103 este dat afar\u0103 la ora 6, iar antreprenorul prime\u0219te pl\u0103cere atunci c\u00e2nd lucreaz\u0103. Se dovede\u0219te a fi cam aceea\u0219i problem\u0103 cu imposibilitatea de a prinde momentul de \u00aboboseal\u0103 mental\u0103\u00bb: \u00een pl\u0103cerea realiz\u0103rii sarcinilor, ui\u021bi c\u0103, de fapt, trebuie s\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti. <br \/>\nEste foarte greu s\u0103 ie\u0219i din flux, atunci c\u00e2nd totul merge bine \u0219i te bucuri de asta, este nevoie s\u0103 te for\u021bezi. <\/p>\n<p>Oboseala nu vine din dorin\u021ba de a \u00abculca\u00bb, ci din tulburarea emo\u021biilor (\u00abtotul te enerveaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 de diminea\u021b\u0103\u00bb), dificultatea de a percepe informa\u021bia \u0219i deteriorarea capacit\u0103\u021bii de a face schimb\u0103ri de context. <\/p>\n<p>Este critic important s\u0103 aloci timp pentru relaxare, chiar dac\u0103 este foarte nepl\u0103cut. Este important ca asta s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 consecin\u021be asupra ta ulterior. Nu este bine s\u0103 te bucuri de productivitatea ta timp de dou\u0103 luni \u0219i apoi s\u0103 ajungi \u00eentr-o stare \u00een care totul te deranjeaz\u0103 \u0219i nu mai po\u021bi vedea oamenii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, nu tr\u0103im doar pentru productivitate, exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de lucruri interesante \u0219i surprinz\u0103toare \u00een lume \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen general, acestea sunt aproximativ g\u00e2ndurile cu privire la cum ar trebui (re)organizate procesele de lucru \u0219i cele din afara muncii. \u00cen a doua parte, voi povesti despre instrumentele pe care le-am folosit pentru asta \u0219i ce rezultate am reu\u0219it s\u0103 ob\u021bin.<\/p>\n<p>\nP.S. Aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 s-a dovedit a fi at\u00e2t de important\u0103 pentru mine \u00eenc\u00e2t am creat un canal separat pe Telegram, unde \u00eemi \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc g\u00e2ndurile \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceasta, al\u0103tura\u021bi-v\u0103 \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/eapotapov_channel\">t.me\/eapotapov_channel<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/itsumma\/blog\/445886\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 20-\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443. \u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 (\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434) \u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e, \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446, \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044f: \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c 20 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c 37, \u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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