{"id":32965,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novaya-statya-linux-dlya-novichkov-znakomimsya-s-linux-mint-19-chast-2-kak-nastroit\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:57","slug":"novaya-statya-linux-dlya-novichkov-znakomimsya-s-linux-mint-19-chast-2-kak-nastroit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/novaya-statya-linux-dlya-novichkov-znakomimsya-s-linux-mint-19-chast-2-kak-nastroit","title":{"rendered":"Articol nou: Linux pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori: familiarizarea cu Linux Mint 19. Partea 2: cum s\u0103 configur\u0103m\u2026","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0103 reamintim c\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103rile de a repeta ac\u021biunile autorului pot duce la pierderea garan\u021biei pe echipament \u0219i chiar la defectarea acestuia. Materialul este furnizat exclusiv \u00een scopuri informative. Dac\u0103 inten\u021biona\u021bi s\u0103 reproduce\u021bi ac\u021biunile descrise mai jos, v\u0103 recomand\u0103m cu t\u0103rie s\u0103 citi\u021bi articolul p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103t cel pu\u021bin o dat\u0103. Redac\u021bia 3DNews nu \u00ee\u0219i asum\u0103 nicio responsabilitate pentru posibilele consecin\u021be.<\/p>\n

\u00cen prealabil, s\u0103 facem c\u00e2teva observa\u021bii. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, la fel ca \u0219i materialul anterior dedicat instal\u0103rii Linux Mint 19<\/a><\/noindex> Aproape de Windows 10, acest sistem de operare este orientat c\u0103tre utilizatorii \u00eencep\u0103tori, adic\u0103 va con\u021bine c\u00e2t mai pu\u021bine dificult\u0103\u021bi tehnice. Nu vom apela nici m\u0103car la terminal (interfa\u021ba consol\u0103). Totu\u0219i, aceasta nu este un manual de utilizare, ci un material introductiv pentru cei care se familiarizeaz\u0103 cu sistemul de operare. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, pentru simplificare, sec\u021biunea Set\u0103ri sistem - pictograma gri cu cele dou\u0103 comutatoare din meniul principal - o vom numi panou de control. \u00cen al treilea r\u00e2nd, pentru multe ac\u021biuni va fi necesar s\u0103 introduce\u021bi suplimentar parola utilizatorului \u00eentr-o fereastr\u0103 separat\u0103 cu titlul Autentificare. A\u0219adar, nu vom men\u021biona acest lucru fiecare dat\u0103. \u00cen timpul configur\u0103rii, nu trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 face\u021bi griji cu privire la introducerea parolei, dar \u00een \u201enavigarea liber\u0103\u201d fi\u021bi aten\u021bi la ce \u0219i de ce v\u0103 cere parola pentru a efectua ac\u021biuni administrative.<\/p>\n

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\u00cen acest material, vom examina op\u021biunile de ecran \u0219i fonturi, vom configura tastatura \u0219i comutarea layout-ului, vom trece prin set\u0103rile re\u021belei \u0219i firewall-ului, ne vom familiariza cu func\u021bionarea Bluetooth \u0219i sunetului, vom instala MFP \u0219i driverele pentru pl\u0103cile video, ne vom ocupa de c\u0103utarea \u0219i instalarea programelor, vom \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba s\u0103 lucr\u0103m cu fi\u0219ierele \u0219i discurile, precum \u0219i s\u0103 configur\u0103m pu\u021bin sistemul de operare. A\u0219adar, data trecut\u0103 totul s-a \u00eencheiat \u00een dialogul de bun venit. Vom continua cu acesta.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd3d<\/a><\/noindex>#<\/a><\/noindex>Configurare de baz\u0103 a Linux Mint 19<\/p>\n

Referitor la al doilea punct din dialogul de bun venit - managerul de drivere - vom reveni la acesta pu\u021bin mai t\u00e2rziu, c\u00e2nd vom analiza instalarea pl\u0103cilor grafice discrete AMD \u0219i NVIDIA. Totu\u0219i, nu este nimic complicat, deoarece, av\u00e2nd diferite variante de drivere, pute\u021bi alege fie pe cele proprietare de la produc\u0103tor, fie pe cele open-source. A\u0219adar, s\u0103 trecem la urm\u0103torul punct, \u0219i anume managerul de actualiz\u0103ri. Aici din nou nu este nimic complicat: la partea de sus exist\u0103 butoane pentru verificarea actualiz\u0103rilor, pentru selec\u021bia tuturor actualiz\u0103rilor \u0219i pentru instalarea lor. \u00cen cazul unei instal\u0103ri planificate a componentelor esen\u021biale pentru sistemul de operare (de exemplu, actualiz\u0103rile kernel-ului), va fi afi\u0219at un mesaj separat. un avertisment<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

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La prima pornire, de asemenea, vi se va oferi posibilitatea de a selecta oglinzi locale pentru actualiz\u0103ri: trebuie s\u0103 face\u021bi clic pe adresele respective, dup\u0103 care se va deschide o fereastr\u0103 \u00een care va fi m\u0103surat\u0103 viteza de desc\u0103rcare de pe diverse servere. Pute\u021bi s\u0103 nu schimba\u021bi nimic \u0219i s\u0103 l\u0103sa\u021bi totul a\u0219a cum este, sau pute\u021bi alege cea mai rapid\u0103 op\u021biune. \u00cen plus, dup\u0103 prima pornire, va ap\u0103rea \u00een zona de notific\u0103ri o icoan\u0103 a managerului de actualiz\u0103ri sub form\u0103 de scut, care va aminti despre existen\u021ba unor actualiz\u0103ri noi.<\/p>\n

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Urm\u0103torul punct pentru setarea aspectului desktop-ului poate fi modificat dup\u0103 preferin\u021bele tale. Implicit se folose\u0219te stilul «Modern», care este apropiat de aspectul versiunilor moderne de Windows. \u00cen set\u0103rile sistemului, la \u00eenceput, este suficient s\u0103 schimbi dou\u0103 parametri. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, alege o rezolu\u021bie a ecranului potrivit\u0103, dac\u0103 nu e\u0219ti mul\u021bumit de cea implicit\u0103. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, configureaz\u0103 schimbarea aranjamentelor tastaturii. Ambele se fac \u00een sec\u021biunea corespunz\u0103toare din Hardware. Cu set\u0103rile ecranului e totul clar, dar pentru tastatur\u0103, \u00een sec\u021biunea Aranjamente trebuie s\u0103 dai clic pe butonul Op\u021biuni…, s\u0103 g\u0103se\u0219ti punctul pentru schimbarea aranjamentului \u0219i s\u0103 alegi un scurt\u0103tur\u0103 de tastatur\u0103 potrivit\u0103: Alt+Shift, de exemplu, nu intr\u0103 \u00een conflict cu alte combina\u021bii.<\/p>\n

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Acolo po\u021bi verifica \u0219i c\u0103 aranjamentele selectate corespund celor care sunt efectiv pe tastatura ta. Observ\u0103 c\u0103, \u00een Linux, tastele suplimentare sunt denumite diferit. Tasta Windows se nume\u0219te de obicei Super, iar tasta Alt din dreapta (Gr) poate fi Meta. A\u0219adar, nu te surprinde dac\u0103 pe tab-ul vecin Combinatii de taste vei \u00eent\u00e2lni combina\u021bii men\u021bion\u00e2ndu-le. Unele combina\u021bii coincid cu cele din Windows, dar \u00een Linux, pe de o parte, exist\u0103 mult mai multe \u0219i, pe de alt\u0103 parte, toate pot fi reconfigurate dup\u0103 dorin\u021b\u0103. Tastele multimedia pentru controlul playerului sau lansarea browserului\/email-ului\/c\u0103ut\u0103rii func\u021bioneaz\u0103, \u00een cea mai mare parte, direct din cutie. Inclusiv sub form\u0103 de combina\u021bii cu Fn, aspect relevant pentru laptopuri sau tastaturi compacte.<\/p>\n

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Op\u021bional, po\u021bi configura \u0219i c\u00e2\u021biva parametri suplimentari lega\u021bi de afi\u0219area con\u021binutului pe ecran. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, \u00een sec\u021biunea Generale exist\u0103 o alegere simpl\u0103 a metodei de scalare a interfe\u021bei sistemului, care va fi util\u0103 pentru unele monitoare moderne cu rezolu\u021bie \u00eenalt\u0103. De asemenea, exist\u0103 op\u021biunea de activare a VBlank — aceasta este necesar\u0103 pentru monitoarele mai vechi. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, \u00een sec\u021biunea Alegere fonturi ar trebui s\u0103 men\u021bionezi fonturile dorite (vom discuta despre instalarea celor noi mai jos), s\u0103 experimentezi cu set\u0103rile de antialiasing \u0219i hinting, dac\u0103 aspectul actual al textului pe ecran nu te mul\u021bume\u0219te. Acolo se configureaz\u0103 \u0219i scalarea textului, care influen\u021beaz\u0103 \u0219i afi\u015farea elementelor de interfa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

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Aici este important s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m c\u00e2teva caracteristici suplimentare. Set\u0103rile fonturilor, scalarea \u0219i, \u00een general, personalizarea elementelor interfe\u021bei pot s\u0103 nu func\u021bioneze pentru toate aplica\u021biile. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 \u00een parte faptului c\u0103 unele programe (de exemplu, browserul) se ocup\u0103 de redarea grafic\u0103 \u00een mod autonom, \u0219i \u00een parte c\u0103 \u00een activitatea dumneavoastr\u0103 pot \u00eent\u00e2lni utilit\u0103\u021bi create cu ajutorul altor seturi de biblioteci \u0219i componente pentru construirea interfe\u021belor grafice. Acestea vor ar\u0103ta diferit.<\/p>\n

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Configurarea conexiunilor de re\u021bea nu va fi probabil necesar\u0103, deoarece, cel mai probabil, at\u00e2t conexiunile prin cablu, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele wireless vor func\u021biona corect. Este posibil s\u0103 fie necesare c\u00e2teva ac\u021biuni suplimentare dac\u0103 re\u021beaua nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la viteza maxim\u0103 sau, de exemplu, f\u0103r\u0103 DHCP. Pute\u021bi ajunge la set\u0103ri f\u0103c\u00e2nd clic pe pictograma cu trei blocuri din zona de notific\u0103ri. \u00cen meniu sunt dou\u0103 op\u021biuni: Parametrii re\u021belei \u0219i Conexiuni de re\u021bea. Prima permite vizualizarea informa\u021biilor de baz\u0103 despre conexiuni \u0219i configurarea parametrilor IP \u0219i proxy de baz\u0103.<\/p>\n

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A doua op\u021biune ofer\u0103 acces la set\u0103rile suplimentare ale adaptorilor. Acolo, de asemenea, pute\u021bi face clic pe butonul + pentru a ad\u0103uga o nou\u0103 conexiune VPN sau pentru a activa un alt adaptor de re\u021bea. Totu\u0219i, este pu\u021bin probabil s\u0103 fie necesar. Dac\u0103 adaptorul nu este deloc vizibil \u00een sistem, atunci va trebui s\u0103 accesa\u021bi site-ul produc\u0103torului pentru drivere \u0219i s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi \u00een motorul de c\u0103utare pentru a afla pa\u0219ii de instalare \u0219i configurare. Din p\u0103cate, acesta este algoritmul pentru orice \u201ehardware\u201d care nu a func\u021bionat automat \u00een sistem.<\/p>\n

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Configurarea firewall-ului este, de asemenea, legat\u0103 de re\u021bea, dar se recomand\u0103 am\u00e2narea acesteia p\u00e2n\u0103 la final, c\u00e2nd totul va fi deja instalat \u0219i va func\u021biona corect. De\u0219i se configureaz\u0103 foarte simplu. \u00cen panoul de control exist\u0103 un punct corespunz\u0103tor: Firewall. Ini\u021bial, sunt stabilite trei profile: pentru acas\u0103, pentru mediu de lucru \u0219i pentru locuri publice. Pentru profilul de acas\u0103, \u00een mod implicit, toate conexiunile de intrare sunt interzise, iar cele de ie\u0219ire sunt permise. Dup\u0103 activarea firewall-ului (comutatorul Status), pe fila Raport va fi afi\u0219at\u0103 activitatea re\u021bea a diferitelor programe. \u00cen aceast\u0103 list\u0103, pute\u021bi eviden\u021bia procesul dorit \u0219i ap\u0103sa pe butonul cu plusul de jos pentru a crea o nou\u0103 regul\u0103, set\u0103rile implicite fiind de obicei suficiente.<\/p>\n

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Nu au fost probleme speciale cu Bluetooth pe sistemul de testare. Totu\u0219i, nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m c\u0103, dac\u0103 un dispozitiv are func\u021bii specifice, acesta nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna corect. De asemenea, pot fi necesare ajust\u0103ri suplimentare ale parametrelor \u00een sec\u021biunile corespunz\u0103toare. De exemplu, pentru un difuzor Bluetooth, \u00een set\u0103rile audio (accesibile rapid prin clic pe pictograma cu difuzorul din zona de notific\u0103ri) a fost necesar s\u0103-l selectez ca dispozitiv de redare a sunetului, ceea ce este complet logic. Apropo, \u00een acelea\u0219i set\u0103ri mai exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva func\u021bii utile. \u00cen fila Aplica\u021bii, po\u021bi ajusta volumul sunetului pentru orice aplica\u021bie sau chiar pentru tab-urile din browser care redau audio \u00een acel moment. Iar \u00een fila Set\u0103ri se poate stabili un limit\u0103 de volum pentru \u00eentreaga OS.<\/p>\n

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Aceasta finalizeaz\u0103 configura\u021bia de baz\u0103. Dup\u0103 denumirile celorlalte elemente ale panoului de control, se poate ghici cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 la ce se refer\u0103 fiecare. Nu ne vom opri detaliat asupra lor, deoarece celelalte set\u0103ri sunt mai degrab\u0103 de natur\u0103 preferen\u021bial\u0103 dec\u00e2t tehnic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd3d<\/a><\/noindex>#<\/a><\/noindex>Instalarea driverelor \u00een Linux Mint 19<\/p>\n

Utilizatorii las\u0103 recenzii despre func\u021bionarea diferitelor echipamente pe site-ul comunit\u0103\u021bii<\/a><\/noindex>. Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 acela\u0219i dispozitiv poate fi disponibil sub diferite denumiri, a\u0219a c\u0103 e mai bine s\u0103 \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi mai multe variante ale numelui - de la numele complet la indicele modelului - \u0219i s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi \u00een categorii diferite. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu recenziile, uneori g\u0103si\u021bi \u0219i sfaturi pentru rezolvarea unor probleme sau pentru configurare. De exemplu, pentru multifunc\u021bionalul Epson Stylus SX125, \u00een baz\u0103 exist\u0103 deja cinci \u00eenregistr\u0103ri. Totu\u0219i, nu au existat probleme speciale \u00een timpul instal\u0103rii acestuia. C\u00e2nd l-am conectat la PC, a ap\u0103rut imediat o notificare. Pentru configurare, \u00een panoul de control, \u00een sec\u021biunea Imprimante, a fost suficient s\u0103 fac clic pe butonul Ad\u0103ugare, s\u0103 aleg dispozitivul din list\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 urmez pur \u0219i simplu instruc\u021biunile magicianului.<\/p>\n

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Sursa: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445. \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437. \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f 3DNews \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Articol nou: Linux pentru \u00eencep\u0103tori: familiariz\u00e2ndu-ne cu Linux Mint 19. 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Materialul este prezentat exclusiv \u00een scopuri informative.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/novaya-statya-linux-dlya-novichkov-znakomimsya-s-linux-mint-19-chast-2-kak-nastroit","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"ro_RO","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f: Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 Linux Mint 19. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2: \u043a\u0430\u043a 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