{"id":33184,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:13","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:13","slug":"reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8","title":{"rendered":"Lansarea distribu\u021biei Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Red Hat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/about\/press-releases\/red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-every-enterprise-every-cloud-every-workload\">a publicat<\/a><\/noindex> lansarea distribu\u021biei <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/products\/red-hat-enterprise-linux\/\">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8<\/a><\/noindex>. Versiunile de instalare sunt preg\u0103tite pentru arhitecturile x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0219i Aarch64, dar  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/downloads\/\">sunt disponibile<\/a><\/noindex> pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/technologies\/linux-platforms\/enterprise-linux\/try-it\">desc\u0103rcare<\/a><\/noindex> numai pentru utilizatorii \u00eenregistra\u021bi ai Red Hat Customer Portal. Sursele pachetelor rpm pentru Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 sunt disponibile prin <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.centos.org\/\">repozitoriul Git<\/a><\/noindex> CentOS. Distribu\u021bia va fi sus\u021binut\u0103 cel pu\u021bin p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2029.<\/p>\n<p>Ca baz\u0103 pentru construirea noului ramific\u0103ri au fost folosite tehnologiile incluse \u00een <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48524\">Fedora 28<\/a><\/noindex>. Noua ramur\u0103 se remarc\u0103 prin trecerea implicit\u0103 la Wayland, \u00eenlocuirea iptables cu nftables, actualizarea componentelor de baz\u0103 (kernel 4.18, GCC 8), utilizarea managerului de pachete DNF \u00een loc de YUM, utilizarea unui depozit modular, \u00eencetarea suportului pentru KDE \u0219i Btrfs. <\/p>\n<p>Principalele <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/8.0_release_notes\/index\">modific\u0103ri<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Trecerea la managerul de pachete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=45730\">DNF<\/a><\/noindex> cu oferirea unui strat de compatibilitate cu Yum la nivel de op\u021biuni ale liniei de comand\u0103. Comparativ cu Yum, DNF are o vitez\u0103 de operare semnificativ mai mare \u0219i un consum de memorie mai sc\u0103zut, gestioneaz\u0103 mai bine dependen\u021bele \u0219i suport\u0103 gruparea pachetelor \u00een module;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Divizarea \u00een depozitul de baz\u0103 BaseOS \u0219i depozitul modular AppStream. \u00cen BaseOS este distribuit setul minim necesar pentru func\u021bionarea sistemului, tot restul <noindex>a fost mutat<\/noindex> \u00een depozitul AppStream. AppStream poate fi utilizat \u00een dou\u0103 moduri: ca depozit RPM clasic \u0219i ca depozit \u00een format modular.\n<p>Depozitul modular ofer\u0103 seturi de pachete rpm grupate \u00een module, al c\u0103ror suport se realizeaz\u0103 independent de versiunile distribu\u021biei. Modulele pot fi folosite pentru a instala versiuni alternative ale unei aplica\u021bii specifice (de exemplu, se poate instala PostgreSQL 9.6 sau PostgreSQL 10). Organizarea modular\u0103 permite utilizatorului s\u0103 treac\u0103 la noi versiuni semnificative ale aplica\u021biei f\u0103r\u0103 a a\u0219tepta un nou release al distribu\u021biei \u0219i s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 pe versiunile vechi, dar \u00eenc\u0103 acceptate, dup\u0103 actualizarea distribu\u021biei. Modulele includ aplica\u021bia de baz\u0103 \u0219i bibliotecile necesare func\u021bion\u0103rii acesteia (alte module pot fi utilizate ca dependen\u021be);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ca mediu de birou implicit este oferit <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48263\">GNOME 3.28<\/a><\/noindex> cu utilizarea implicit\u0103 a serverului de afi\u0219are bazat pe Wayland. Mediul bazat pe X.Org Server este disponibil ca op\u021biune. Pachetele cu desktopul KDE au fost eliminate, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd doar suportul pentru GNOME;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetul cu kernel Linux este construit pe baza versiunii <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49040\">4.18<\/a><\/noindex>. Ca compilator implicit este utilizat <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48535\">GCC 8.2<\/a><\/noindex>. Biblioteca de sistem Glibc a fost actualizat\u0103 la versiunea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49059\">2.28<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ca implementare a limbajului de programare Python implicit este utilizat Python 3.6. Este oferit\u0103 suport limitat pentru Python 2.7. Python nu este inclus \u00een pachetul de baz\u0103, trebuie instalat suplimentar. Versiunile Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 \u0219i 11, Clang\/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10 au fost actualizate. A fost inclus un sistem de construire CMake (3.11);\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen installerul Anaconda a fost ad\u0103ugat suportul pentru instalarea sistemului pe unit\u0103\u021bi NVDIMM;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cen installer \u0219i \u00een sistem a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 capacitatea de criptare a discurilor utiliz\u00e2nd formatul LUKS2, care a \u00eenlocuit anterior folositul format LUKS1 (\u00een dm-crypt \u0219i cryptsetup, LUKS2 este acum oferit implicit). LUKS2 se remarc\u0103 printr-un sistem de gestionare a cheilor simplificat, posibilitatea utiliz\u0103rii sectorilor de mari dimensiuni (4096 \u00een loc de 512, reduc\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura \u00een timpul decript\u0103rii), identificatori simbatici pentru parti\u021bii (label) \u0219i un mecanism de rezerv\u0103 a metadatelor cu posibilitatea de restaurare automat\u0103 dintr-o copie \u00een cazul deterior\u0103rii.\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 o nou\u0103 utilitate Composer, care ofer\u0103 instrumente pentru crearea de imagini de sistem bootabile personalizate, potrivite pentru desf\u0103\u0219urare \u00een medii de diverse platforme cloud;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Support for the Btrfs filesystem has been removed. The btrfs.ko kernel module, btrfs-progs utilities, and the snapper package are no longer included;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost inclus un instrument <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49381\">Stratis<\/a><\/noindex>, care ofer\u0103 instrumente pentru unificarea \u0219i simplificarea configur\u0103rii \u0219i gestion\u0103rii unui pool de unul sau mai multe unit\u0103\u021bi locale. Stratis este realizat sub form\u0103 de strat (demon stratisd), construit deasupra subsistemului devicemapper \u0219i XFS, \u0219i permite utilizarea unor func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi precum alocarea dinamic\u0103 a spa\u021biului de stocare, instantanee, garantarea integrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i crearea de straturi pentru caching, f\u0103r\u0103 a necesita calific\u0103ri de expert \u00een administrarea sistemelor de stocare;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Au fost implementate politici generale de configurare a subsistemelor criptografice, acoperind protocoale TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec \u0219i Kerberos. Folosind comanda update-crypto-policies, acum este posibil s\u0103 alege\u021bi unul din<br \/>\nmodurile de selectare a algoritmilor criptografici: default, legacy, future \u0219i fips. Versiunea implicit\u0103 este <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49255\">OpenSSL 1.1.1<\/a><\/noindex> cu suport pentru TLS 1.3;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Sunt asigurate suportul generalizat pentru smartcarduri \u0219i HSM (Hardware Security Modules) cu tokenuri criptografice PKCS#11;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cenlocuirea iptables, ip6tables, arptables \u0219i ebtables este acum realizat\u0103 prin filtrul de pachete nftables, care este utilizat implicit \u0219i remarcabil pentru unificarea interfe\u021belor de filtrare a pachetelor pentru IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0219i poduri de re\u021bea. Nftables ofer\u0103 la nivel de kernel doar o interfa\u021b\u0103 general\u0103, independent\u0103 de protocolul specific \u0219i oferind func\u021bii de baz\u0103 pentru extragerea datelor din pachete, operarea cu datele \u0219i gestionarea fluxului. Logica de filtrare \u0219i handler-ele specifice pentru protocoale sunt compilate \u00een bytecode \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului, apoi acest bytecode este \u00eenc\u0103rcat \u00een kernel prin intermediul interfe\u021bei Netlink \u0219i executat \u00eentr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103 special\u0103, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Demonul firewalld a fost migrat pentru a utiliza nftables ca backend implicit. Au fost ad\u0103ugate utilitare iptables-translate \u0219i ip6tables-translate pentru a converti regulile vechi;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pentru a asigura conectivitatea \u00eentre mai multe containere, a fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru driverele de construire a unei re\u021bele virtuale IPVLAN;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pachetul de baz\u0103 include serverul http nginx (1.14). Apache httpd a fost actualizat la versiunea 2.4.35, iar OpenSSH la 7.8p1.\n<p> Din SGBD-urile din repository-uri sunt disponibile MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6\/10 \u0219i Redis 4.0. SGBD-ul MongoDB nu a fost inclus din cauza <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=49449\">tranzi\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex> noii licen\u021be SSPL, care nu este \u00een prezent recunoscut\u0103 ca fiind deschis\u0103;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Componentelor pentru virtualizare au fost modernizate. \u00cen mod implicit, la crearea ma\u0219inilor virtuale se folose\u0219te tipul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.qemu.org\/Features\/Q35\">Q35<\/a><\/noindex> (emularea controlerului ICH9) cu suport pentru PCI Express. Acum, pentru crearea \u0219i gestionarea ma\u0219inilor virtuale se poate utiliza interfa\u021ba web Cockpit. Interfa\u021ba virt-manager a fost declarat\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103. QEMU a fost actualizat la versiunea  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=48493\">2.12<\/a><\/noindex>. QEMU a implementat un mod de izolare sandbox, limit\u00e2nd apelurile de sistem pe care le pot utiliza componentele QEMU;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport pentru mecanismele de trasare bazate pe eBPF, inclusiv prin instrumentele SystemTap (4.0). Au fost incluse utilitare pentru compilarea \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103rcarea programelor BPF;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat suport experimental pentru subsistemul XDP (eXpress Data Path), care permite \u00een Linux rularea programelor BPF la nivelul driver-ului de re\u021bea cu acces direct la buffer-ul DMA al pachetelor \u0219i \u00een stadiul anterior al aloc\u0103rii buffer-ului skbuff de c\u0103tre stiva de re\u021bea;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 utilitarul boom pentru gestionarea set\u0103rilor de boot. Boom simplific\u0103 efectuarea unor opera\u021biuni precum crearea de noi \u00eenregistr\u0103ri de boot, de exemplu, \u00een cazul \u00een care este necesar s\u0103 bootezi dintr-un snapshot LVM. Boom este limitat doar la ad\u0103ugarea de noi \u00eenregistr\u0103ri de boot \u0219i nu poate fi folosit pentru a modifica \u00eenregistr\u0103rile existente;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost integrat un instrumentar u\u0219or pentru gestionarea containerelor izolate, care utilizeaz\u0103 pentru construirea containerelor  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/daemon-haunted-container-world-no-longer-introducing-buildah-10\">Buildah<\/a><\/noindex>, pentru a porni \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/developers.redhat.com\/articles\/podman-next-generation-linux-container-tools\/\">Podman<\/a><\/noindex>  \u0219i pentru a c\u0103uta imagini gata \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.openshift.com\/promoting-container-images-between-registries-with-skopeo\/\">Skopeo<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bile legate de clusterizare au fost extinse. Managerul de resurse de cluster Pacemaker a fost actualizat la versiunea 2.0. \u00cen utilitarul  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ClusterLabs\/pcs\">pcs<\/a><\/noindex> a fost asigurat\u0103 suportul complet pentru Corosync 3, knet \u0219i apelurile dup\u0103 numele nodurilor;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Scriptele clasice pentru configurarea re\u021belei (network-scripts) au fost declarate \u00eenvechite \u0219i nu mai sunt livrate implicit. Pentru a men\u021bine compatibilitatea, \u00een locul scripturilor ifup \u0219i ifdown au fost ad\u0103ugate wrapper-uri peste NetworkManager, care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin utilitarul nmcli;\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/access.redhat.com\/documentation\/en-us\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/8\/html-single\/considerations_in_adopting_rhel_8\/index\">Au fost eliminate<\/a><\/noindex> pachete: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, empathy, finger, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (\u00eenlocuit cu chrony), qemu (\u00eenlocuit cu qemu-kvm), qt (\u00eenlocuit cu qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (acum face parte din pachetul principal ruby), system-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.\n<li class=\"l\"> A fost preg\u0103tit un imagini de baz\u0103 universal\u0103 (UBI, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.redhat.com\/en\/blog\/introducing-red-hat-universal-base-image\">Universal Base Image<\/a><\/noindex>) pentru crearea containerelor izolate, inclusiv pentru a permite crearea containerelor pentru o singur\u0103 aplica\u021bie. UBI con\u021bine un mediu minim redus, suplimente runtime pentru suportul limbajelor de programare (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl) \u0219i un set de pachete suplimentare \u00een repo.\n<\/li>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50644\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le \u0438 Aarch64, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c Red Hat Customer Portal. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b rpm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CentOS. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043e 2029 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Red Hat \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/reliz-distributiva-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8\" \/>\n\t<meta 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