{"id":33233,"date":"2019-10-31T21:51:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:51:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:51:27","slug":"kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-data-tsentry-spasayut-prazdniki","title":{"rendered":"Cum centrele de date salveaz\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum centrele de date salveaz\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d6f44ed3931a3eb8a03b1715bc0bb159.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPe parcursul anului, ru\u0219ii pleac\u0103 regulat \u00een vacan\u021be \u2013 s\u0103rb\u0103tori de Anul Nou, s\u0103rb\u0103tori de mai \u0219i alte weekenduri mai scurte. Aceasta este o perioad\u0103 tradi\u021bional\u0103 pentru maratoane de seriale, cump\u0103r\u0103turi spontane \u0219i reduceri pe Steam. \u00cen perioada dinaintea s\u0103rb\u0103torilor, retail-ul \u0219i companiile de logistic\u0103 resimt o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 crescut\u0103: oamenii comand\u0103 cadouri din magazinele online, pl\u0103tesc livrarea acestora, cump\u0103r\u0103 bilete pentru c\u0103l\u0103torii, comunic\u0103. V\u00e2rfurile de cerere sunt teste de stres mari \u0219i pentru platformele de streaming de filme, portalurile de jocuri, site-urile de g\u0103zduire video \u2013 \u00een s\u0103rb\u0103tori, toate acestea func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u201ela maximum\u201d? <\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 povestim cum este organizat\u0103 asigurarea disponibilit\u0103\u021bii continue a con\u021binutului folosind exemplul platformei de streaming Okko, care se bazeaz\u0103 \u00een activitatea sa pe capacit\u0103\u021bile centrului de date Linxdatacenter. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nAnterior, \u00een timpul cre\u0219terilor sezoniere de consum, erau achizi\u021bionate echipamente suplimentare pentru plasarea local\u0103, \u0219i asta \u201ecu rezerv\u0103\u201d. Totu\u0219i, c\u00e2nd venea \u201eTimpul T\u201d, adesea se descoperea c\u0103 companiile fie nu puteau, fie nu reu\u0219eau s\u0103 configureze corect serverele \u0219i sistemele de stocare. Rezolvarea acestor probleme pe parcursul dezvolt\u0103rii situa\u021biilor extraordinare era imposibil\u0103. Cu timpul s-a realizat c\u0103 v\u00e2rfurile de cerere pentru con\u021binut \u0219i servicii online pot fi gestionate eficient cu ajutorul resurselor externe, care pot fi achizi\u021bionate pe modelul pay-as-you-go \u2013 plata pentru volumul consumat efectiv.<\/p>\n<p>Ast\u0103zi, practic toate companiile care prev\u0103d o cre\u0219tere a cererii pentru resursele lor \u00een s\u0103rb\u0103tori (a\u0219a-numitul burst) comand\u0103 din timp extinderea capacit\u0103\u021bii canalelor de comunica\u021bie. Cele care au aplica\u021bii \u0219i baze de date pe resursele unui centru de date \u00ee\u0219i cresc capacit\u0103\u021bile de calcul \u00een cloud-uri, comand\u00e2nd \u00een plus ma\u0219ini virtuale, capacitate de stocare \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe. \u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Cum s\u0103 nu gre\u0219i\u021bi \u00een calcule<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum centrele de date salveaz\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f394d3fa6739f14e10a31aae0bc03e79.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPentru a v\u0103 preg\u0103ti pentru \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri de v\u00e2rf, este important ca lucrul coordonat al furnizorului \u0219i clientului s\u0103 fie realizat. Principalele aspecte ale acestei colabor\u0103ri includ prognoza precis\u0103 a cre\u0219terii \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii \u00een termeni de timp \u0219i volume, planificarea atent\u0103 \u0219i calitatea colabor\u0103rii cu colegii din centrul de date, precum \u0219i cu echipa de speciali\u0219ti IT de partea furnizorului de con\u021binut. <\/p>\n<p>Organizarea rapid\u0103 a resurselor necesare pentru ca noul sezon al serialului preferat s\u0103 nu se blocheze pe ecranul tabletei dumneavoastr\u0103 este sus\u021binut\u0103 de o serie de solu\u021bii. <br \/>\n\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, exist\u0103 balan\u021batori de sarcin\u0103: acestea sunt solu\u021bii software care monitorizeaz\u0103 cu aten\u021bie nivelul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a serverelor, a sistemelor de stocare \u0219i a re\u021belei, permi\u021b\u00e2nd optimizarea func\u021bion\u0103rii fiec\u0103rei sisteme pentru sarcina specificat\u0103. Balan\u021batorii evalueaz\u0103 nivelul de disponibilitate at\u00e2t al \u201ehardware-ului\u201d, c\u00e2t \u0219i <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/vps\/\"   title=\"ma\u0219ini virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1997\">ma\u0219ini virtuale<\/a>, pentru a preveni sc\u0103derea performan\u021bei sistemelor de o parte, \u0219i totodat\u0103 pentru a evita supraaglomerarea infrastructurii, care ar putea duce la \u00eent\u00e2rzieri de cealalt\u0103 parte. Astfel, se men\u021bine un anumit nivel de resurse de rezerv\u0103, care pot fi rapid redirec\u021bionate pentru a r\u0103spunde sarcinilor urgente (de exemplu, o cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103 a solicit\u0103rilor c\u0103tre portalul cu con\u021binut video, cre\u0219terea comenzilor pentru un anumit produs etc.).\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, CDN. Aceast\u0103 tehnologie permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 acceseze con\u021binutul portalului f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzieri cauzate de bufferizare, prin accesul din cel mai apropiat punct geografic. \u00cen plus, CDN atenueaz\u0103 impactul negativ asupra proceselor de transfer de trafic, cauzat de supraaglomerarea canalelor, \u00eentreruperi de conexiune, pierderi de pachete la intersec\u021biile canalelor etc. \n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Okko, privirea omniprezent\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum centrele de date salveaz\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0f6d80aa19362ba75710ef08e42eafe9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nS\u0103 lu\u0103m ca exemplu preg\u0103tirea pentru s\u0103rb\u0103tori a serviciului de streaming online Okko, care utilizeaz\u0103 platformele noastre din Moscova \u0219i Sankt Petersburg. <\/p>\n<p>Potrivit spuselor lui Alexey Golubev, directorul tehnic al Okko, compania are, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile calendaristice (sezonul de v\u00e2rf), \u0219i perioade c\u00e2nd apar lans\u0103rile de filme mari de la studiouri: <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201e\u00cen fiecare an, \u00een sezonul s\u0103rb\u0103torilor, Okko \u00ee\u0219i cre\u0219te volumul de trafic de aproximativ dou\u0103 ori fa\u021b\u0103 de anul precedent. De exemplu, dac\u0103 \u00een sezonul de s\u0103rb\u0103tori de anul trecut, capacitatea maxim\u0103 a fost de 80 Gbps, \u00een 2018\/19 ne a\u0219teptam la 160 \u2013 o cre\u0219tere tradi\u021bional\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori. Cu toate acestea, am atins peste 200 Gbps!\u201d \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nOkko se preg\u0103te\u0219te \u00eentotdeauna pentru v\u00e2rful de trafic \u00een mod gradual, pe parcursul anului, \u00een cadrul proiectului cu nume de cod \u201eAnul Nou\u201d. Anterior, Okko a folosit infrastructura proprie, av\u00e2nd un cluster de distribu\u021bie a con\u021binutului pe hardware-ul propriu \u0219i cu propriul software. Pe parcursul anului, speciali\u0219tii tehnici de la Okko au achizi\u021bionat treptat <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"servere noi\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"778\">servere noi<\/a>, au cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii clusterei lor, anticip\u00e2nd o cre\u0219tere anual\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori. De asemenea, au conectat noi uplink-uri \u0219i operatori \u2013 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 juc\u0103torii mari precum \u00abRostelecom\u00bb, \u00abMegafon\u00bb \u0219i MTS, au conectat \u0219i puncte de schimb de trafic, precum \u0219i cei mai mici operatori. Aceast\u0103 abordare a permis livrarea serviciului c\u0103tre cel mai mare num\u0103r de clien\u021bi pe cele mai scurte rute. <\/p>\n<p>Anul trecut, analiz\u00e2nd costul echipamentului, efortul depus pentru extindere \u0219i compar\u00e2nd cu costul utiliz\u0103rii CDN externe, \u00een Okko s-au dat seama c\u0103 a sosit momentul pentru a \u00eencerca un model hibrid de distribu\u021bie. Dup\u0103 o cre\u0219tere de dou\u0103 ori \u00een timpul s\u0103rb\u0103torilor de Anul Nou urmeaz\u0103 o sc\u0103dere a traficului, iar luna februarie este cel mai slab sezon. Astfel, echipamentul propriu r\u0103m\u00e2ne neutilizat \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103. P\u00e2n\u0103 la var\u0103, sc\u0103derea se compenseaz\u0103, iar p\u00e2n\u0103 la sezonul de toamn\u0103 \u00eencepe o nou\u0103 cre\u0219tere. Prin urmare, \u00een cadrul preg\u0103tirilor pentru noul an 2019, Okko a ales o alt\u0103 cale: au \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bit software-ul pentru a putea distribui sarcina nu doar pe infrastructura proprie, ci \u0219i pe CDN externe (re\u021bea de livrare a con\u021binutului \u2013 Content Delivery Network). Au fost conectate dou\u0103 astfel de CDN-uri, \u00een care era direc\u021bionat surplusul de trafic. Capacitatea intern\u0103 a infrastructurii IT a Okko era preg\u0103tit\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 aceast\u0103 dublare a cererii, dar ca m\u0103sur\u0103 de precau\u021bie, au fost preg\u0103tite CDN-uri partenere \u00een cazul unui surplus de resurse. <\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201eDecizia de a nu-\u0219i extinde propriul CDN a economisit pentru Okko aproximativ 20% din bugetul de distribuit \u00een CAPEX. \u00cen plus, compania a economisit c\u00e2teva luni de munc\u0103, deleg\u00e2nd sarcina de configurare a echipamentului c\u0103tre partener.\u201d \u2014 comenteaz\u0103 Alexei Golubev.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\nClusterul de distribu\u021bie (CDN intern) \u00een Okko este implementat pe dou\u0103 loca\u021bii Linxdatacenter din Moscova \u0219i Sankt Petersburg. Se asigur\u0103 o oglindire complet\u0103 at\u00e2t a con\u021binutului, c\u00e2t \u0219i a cache-ului (noduri de distribu\u021bie). Astfel, centrul de date din Moscova prelucreaz\u0103 Moscova \u0219i c\u00e2teva regiuni din Rusia, iar cel din Sankt Petersburg \u2013 Nord-Vestul \u0219i restul teritoriului \u021b\u0103rii. Echilibrarea se face nu doar pe baza criteriilor regionale, ci \u0219i \u00een func\u021bie de \u00eenc\u0103rcarea nodurilor dintr-un anumit centru de date, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare \u0219i disponibilitatea filmului \u00een cache \u0219i o serie de al\u021bi factori. <\/p>\n<p>Arhitectura generalizat\u0103 a serviciului arat\u0103 \u00een schem\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Cum centrele de date salveaz\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103torile\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/8feae02d3d7062cc5d0445d2dcc6fe8f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nServiciile fizice \u0219i suportul pentru dezvoltarea produsului constau \u00een aproximativ zece rack-uri \u00een Sankt Petersburg \u0219i c\u00e2teva rack-uri \u00een Moscova. Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva zeci de servere pentru virtualizare \u0219i aproape dou\u0103 sute de servere fizice pentru toate celelalte - distribu\u021bie, suport pentru servicii \u0219i infrastructura proprie a biroului. Interac\u021biunea furnizorului de con\u021binut cu datacenters \u00een perioada de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri maxime nu se deosebe\u0219te de activitatea curent\u0103. Toat\u0103 comunicarea se limiteaz\u0103 la o cerere \u00een serviciul de suport, iar \u00een cazul unei situa\u021bii neprev\u0103zute - prin telefon. <\/p>\n<p>Ast\u0103zi suntem, mai mult ca niciodat\u0103, aproape de un scenariu cu adev\u0103rat 100% ne\u00eentrerupt pentru consumul de con\u021binut online, deoarece toate tehnologiile necesare sunt deja disponibile. Dezvoltarea streaming-ului online se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 foarte rapid. Popularitatea modelelor legale de consum al con\u021binutului cre\u0219te: utilizatorii ru\u0219i \u00eencep treptat s\u0103 se obi\u0219nuiasc\u0103 cu ideea de a pl\u0103ti pentru con\u021binut. \u0218i nu doar pentru filme, ci \u0219i pentru muzic\u0103, c\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i materiale educa\u021bionale online. \u00cen aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, livrarea celor mai diverse con\u021binuturi cu cele mai mici \u00eent\u00e2rzieri de re\u021bea reprezint\u0103 un criteriu esen\u021bial \u00een func\u021bionarea serviciilor online. Sarcina noastr\u0103, ca furnizor de servicii, este s\u0103 acoperim nevoile de resurse la timp \u0219i cu un surplus.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/linxdatacenter\/blog\/450928\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0410 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436 \u043d\u0430 Steam. \u00a0\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0438 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