{"id":33434,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","slug":"kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 comprimarea \u00een arhitectura de memorie orientat\u0103 pe obiect","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Echipa de ingineri de la MIT a dezvoltat o ierarhie de memorie orientat\u0103 pe obiecte pentru a lucra mai eficient cu datele. \u00cen acest articol, analiz\u0103m cum este structurat\u0103 aceasta.<\/p>\n

\"Cum<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ PxHere<\/noindex> \/ PD<\/i><\/p>\n

Cum se \u0219tie, cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei procesoarelor moderne nu este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de o reducere corespunz\u0103toare a \u00eent\u00e2rzierii la accesarea memoriei. Diferen\u021ba \u00een modific\u0103rile indicatorilor de la an la an poate ajunge p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 ori (PDF, p.3<\/a><\/noindex>). Ca rezultat, apare un g\u00e2t de sticl\u0103 care \u00eempiedic\u0103 utilizarea pe deplin a resurselor disponibile \u0219i \u00eencetine\u0219te procesarea datelor.<\/p>\n

\u00cent\u00e2rzierea de performan\u021b\u0103 este cauzat\u0103 de a\u0219a-numita \u00eent\u00e2rziere de decomprimare. \u00cen unele cazuri, preg\u0103tirea pentru decomprimarea datelor poate dura p\u00e2n\u0103 la 64 de cicluri de procesor. <\/p>\n

Pentru compara\u021bie: adunarea \u0219i \u00eenmul\u021birea numerelor cu virgul\u0103 mobil\u0103 apeleaz\u0103 la<\/a><\/noindex> nu mai mult de zece cicluri. Problema este c\u0103 memoria lucreaz\u0103 cu blocuri de date de dimensiuni fixe, iar aplica\u021biile opereaz\u0103 cu obiecte care pot con\u021bine diferite tipuri de date \u0219i pot diferi \u00eentre ele ca dimensiune. Pentru a rezolva aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, inginerii de la MIT au dezvoltat o ierarhie de memorie orientat\u0103 pe obiecte care optimizeaz\u0103 procesarea datelor.<\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 tehnologia<\/h2>\n

\nLa baza solu\u021biei stau trei tehnologii: Hotpads, Zippads \u0219i un algoritm de compresie COCO.<\/p>\n

Hotpads este o ierarhie de memorie de registru super-rapid\u0103, controlat\u0103 software (scratchpad<\/a><\/noindex>). Aceste registre se numesc peds \u0219i exist\u0103 trei \u2014 de la L1 la L3. Ele stocheaz\u0103 obiecte de diferite dimensiuni, metadate \u0219i mase de indicii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, arhitectura este un sistem de cache-uri, dar special conceput pentru a lucra cu obiecte. Nivelul pedei pe care se afl\u0103 un obiect depinde de c\u00e2t de des este utilizat. Dac\u0103 unul dintre niveluri \"se umple\", sistemul activeaz\u0103 un mecanism asem\u0103n\u0103tor \"colectorilor de gunoi\" din limbajele Java sau Go. Acesta analizeaz\u0103 care obiecte sunt folosite mai rar dec\u00e2t celelalte \u0219i le mut\u0103 automat \u00eentre niveluri.<\/p>\n

Zippads func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pe baza Hotpads \u2014 arhiveaz\u0103 \u0219i dezarhiveaz\u0103 datele care intr\u0103 sau ies din ultimele dou\u0103 niveluri ale ierarhiei \u2014 pede L3 \u0219i memoria principal\u0103. \u00cen primele dou\u0103 pede, datele sunt stocate \u00een forma lor neschimbat\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n \"Cum
\n
\nZippads comprim\u0103 obiectele al c\u0103ror volum nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 128 de octe\u021bi. Obiectele mai mari sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een fragmente, care sunt apoi plasate \u00een diferite regiuni de memorie. A\u0219a cum au scris dezvoltatorii, aceast\u0103 abordare cre\u0219te coeficientul de utilizare eficient\u0103 a memoriei.<\/p>\n

Pentru comprimarea obiectelor se aplic\u0103 algoritmul COCO (Cross-Object COmpression), despre care vom vorbi \u00een continuare, de\u0219i sistemul poate func\u021biona \u0219i cu Base-Delta-Immediate<\/a><\/noindex> sau FPC<\/a><\/noindex>. Algoritmul COCO reprezint\u0103 un tip de compresie diferen\u021bial\u0103 (compresie diferen\u021bial\u0103<\/a><\/noindex>). Acesta compar\u0103 obiectele cu cele \u201ede baz\u0103\u201d \u0219i elimin\u0103 bi\u021bii repetitivi \u2014 vezi schema de mai jos:<\/p>\n

\"Cum<\/p>\n

Conform inginerilor de la MIT, ierarhia lor de memorie orientat\u0103 pe obiecte este cu 17% mai performant\u0103 dec\u00e2t abord\u0103rile clasice. Ea este mult mai apropiat\u0103 de arhitectura aplica\u021biilor moderne, astfel c\u0103 noua metod\u0103 are poten\u021bial.<\/p>\n

Se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca tehnologia s\u0103 fie folosit\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de companii care lucreaz\u0103 cu big data \u0219i algoritmi de \u00eenv\u0103\u021bare automat\u0103. O alt\u0103 direc\u021bie poten\u021bial\u0103 sunt platformele cloud. Furnizorii de IaaS vor putea lucra mai eficient cu virtualizarea, sistemele de stocare a datelor \u0219i resursele de calcul.<\/p>\n

Resursele \u0219i sursele noastre suplimentare:<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Cum \u201eCum construim IaaS\u201d: materiale despre activitatea 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Cum Evolu\u021bia arhitecturii cloud 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Cum Serviciul de stocare obiectual \u00een 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Cum Atacuri poten\u021biale asupra HTTPS \u0219i metode de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva lor<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Cum Ce asem\u0103n\u0103ri \u0219i diferen\u021be exist\u0103 \u00eentre abord\u0103rile Continuous Delivery \u0219i Continuous Integration<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Cum Cum s\u0103 protejezi un server pe internet: experien\u021ba 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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