{"id":33591,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tehnologicheskie-trendy-veb-razrabotki-2019\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:37","slug":"tehnologicheskie-trendy-veb-razrabotki-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tehnologicheskie-trendy-veb-razrabotki-2019","title":{"rendered":"Tendin\u021be tehnologice \u00een dezvoltarea web 2019","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Introducere<\/h2>\n<p>\nTransformarea digital\u0103 acoper\u0103 \u00een fiecare an din ce \u00een ce mai multe domenii ale vie\u021bii \u0219i afacerilor. Dac\u0103 o afacere vrea s\u0103 fie competitiv\u0103, site-urile de informa\u021bii obi\u0219nuite nu mai sunt suficiente; sunt necesare aplica\u021bii mobile \u0219i web care nu doar ofer\u0103 utilizatorilor informa\u021bii, ci permit \u0219i \u00eendeplinirea unor func\u021bii: achizi\u021bionarea de produse \u0219i servicii, furnizarea de instrumente. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Tendin\u021be tehnologice \u00een dezvoltarea web 2019\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0e242590714365aa6d4c2fc4ad0c7fee.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nDe exemplu, b\u0103ncilor moderne nu le mai este suficient s\u0103 aib\u0103 un site cu informa\u021bii; trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 instrumente online pentru clien\u021bii lor, un cont personal unde utilizatorul poate gestiona conturile, investi\u021biile, \u00eemprumuturile. Chiar \u0219i pentru micile afaceri, pentru cre\u0219terea conversiei, sunt necesare instrumente convenabile, cum ar fi programarea la medic sau la frizer, rezervarea unei mese la un restaurant sau a unei camere de joac\u0103 pentru copii pentru organizarea unei petreceri de ziua de na\u0219tere.<\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, proprietarii trebuie s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 informa\u021bii la timp, \u00eentr-un format convenabil, despre starea companiei lor, de exemplu, colectarea de date statistice \u0219i analize pe diferite departamente de produc\u021bie sau despre productivitatea acestora. Adesea, fiecare departament colecteaz\u0103 aceste date \u00een modul s\u0103u, \u0219i pot folosi chiar instrumente diferite, iar proprietarul trebuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i piard\u0103 mult timp personal pentru a se descurca cu toate acestea, ceea ce poate influen\u021ba indirect sau direct eficien\u021ba companiei \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, profitabilitatea. Aici, de asemenea, transformarea digital\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltarea unei aplica\u021bii web sau mobile pot ajuta.<\/p>\n<p>Tehnologia nu st\u0103 pe loc \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 constant, iar ceea ce era utilizat acum c\u00e2\u021biva ani poate fi deja dep\u0103\u0219it ast\u0103zi sau ceea ce nu era posibil acum c\u00e2\u021biva ani a devenit o realitate. Exist\u0103 un num\u0103r mai mare de instrumente moderne care ajut\u0103 la crearea aplica\u021biilor web \u0219i mobile mai rapid \u0219i de o calitate superioar\u0103. Baz\u00e2ndu-m\u0103 pe observa\u021biile \u0219i experien\u021ba mea personal\u0103, vreau s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219esc viziunea mea despre tehnologiile \u0219i instrumentele care vor fi c\u0103utate \u00een viitorul apropiat \u0219i motivul pentru care merit\u0103 aten\u021bia \u00een crearea unei aplica\u021bii web moderne.<\/p>\n<h2>Single page application (aplica\u021bii cu o singur\u0103 pagin\u0103)<\/h2>\n<p>\nS\u0103 stabilim pu\u021bin terminologia. O aplica\u021bie web de tip Single Page Application (SPA) este o aplica\u021bie web ale c\u0103rei componente sunt \u00eenc\u0103rcate o singur\u0103 dat\u0103 pe o pagin\u0103, iar con\u021binutul este \u00eenc\u0103rcat la nevoie. Astfel, la trecerea \u00eentre sec\u021biunile aplica\u021biei, pagina nu se re\u00eenc\u0103rca complet, ci doar sunt preluate \u0219i afi\u0219ate datele necesare. <\/p>\n<p>Aplica\u021biile de tip SPA c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 mult \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te viteza de func\u021bionare \u0219i u\u0219urin\u021ba \u00een utilizare comparativ cu aplica\u021biile web clasice. Cu ajutorul SPA-urilor se poate ob\u021bine efectul unei experien\u021be web similar cu cea a aplica\u021biilor desktop, f\u0103r\u0103 re\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2rzieri semnificative. <\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 acum c\u00e2\u021biva ani aplica\u021biile de tip SPA aproape c\u0103 nu suportau optimizarea pentru motoarele de c\u0103utare \u0219i erau folosite \u00een principal pentru crearea de conturi personale \u0219i panouri de administrare, \u00een prezent este mult mai simplu s\u0103 creezi o aplica\u021bie SPA cu suport complet pentru optimizarea SEO. Folosind aplica\u021bii SPA cu randare pe server, aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 a disp\u0103rut complet. Cu alte cuvinte, este la fel o aplica\u021bie SPA, dar la prima cerere, serverul genereaz\u0103 nu doar date, ci creeaz\u0103 o pagin\u0103 HTML gata de afi\u0219are, iar motoarele de c\u0103utare primesc pagini complet formateaz\u0103 cu \u00eentreaga meta-informa\u021bie \u0219i marcaj semantic.<\/p>\n<p>Odat\u0103 cu dezvoltarea instrumentelor pentru crearea aplica\u021biilor web client, dezvoltarea \u0219i trecerea la aplica\u021bii de tip SPA \u00een acest an \u0219i \u00een anii urm\u0103tori va continua s\u0103 creasc\u0103. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o aplica\u021bie veche care este moral dep\u0103\u0219it\u0103 \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 lent, cu o re\u00eenc\u0103rcare complet\u0103 a paginii la trecerea \u00eentre sec\u021biuni, atunci anul acesta pute\u021bi s\u0103 trece\u021bi cu \u00eencredere la o aplica\u021bie SPA rapid\u0103 \u2013 acum este un moment bun, tehnologiile permit s\u0103 face\u021bi acest lucru rapid \u0219i de calitate.<\/p>\n<p>A avea un site web modern \u0219i rapid este foarte bine, dar vreau s\u0103 v\u0103 informez sincer: nu toate aplica\u021biile pot fi u\u0219or transformate \u00een aplica\u021bii de tip SPA, iar tranzi\u021bia poate fi costisitoare! A\u0219adar, trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi cui \u0219i de ce \u00eei este necesar\u0103 aceast\u0103 tranzi\u021bie. <\/p>\n<p>Pentru a v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi, \u00een tabelul de mai jos voi prezenta c\u00e2teva exemple c\u00e2nd dezvoltarea sau tranzi\u021bia la SPA este justificat\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nd nu.<\/p>\n<p><b>ZA<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 crea\u021bi o aplica\u021bie modern\u0103 \u0219i rapid\u0103 \u0219i dori\u021bi s\u0103 fie utilizat\u0103 nu doar versiunea web, ci \u0219i cea mobil\u0103 sau chiar desktop, iar toate procesele \u0219i calcul\u0103rile s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare pe un server remote sau \u00een cloud. \u0218i s\u0103 fie astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t to\u021bi clien\u021bii s\u0103 aib\u0103 o interfa\u021b\u0103 unic\u0103 de interac\u021biune \u0219i s\u0103 nu fie necesar s\u0103 modifica\u021bi codul serverului de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd ad\u0103uga\u021bi un nou client.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu: re\u021bele sociale, agregatoare, platforme SaaS (software ca serviciu \u00een cloud), pie\u021be online.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un magazin sau un serviciu web, \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 acesta este lent \u0219i oamenii pleac\u0103, dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eel face\u021bi mai rapid, \u00een\u021belege\u021bi valoarea clien\u021bilor \u0219i sunte\u021bi dispu\u0219i s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi pentru un upgrade de la un milion de ruble.<\/p>\n<p>Ave\u021bi o aplica\u021bie mobil\u0103 care folose\u0219te API-ul site-ului, iar site-ul \u00een sine este lent \u0219i are re\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri complete ale con\u021binutului atunci c\u00e2nd se navigheaz\u0103 \u00eentre pagini.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00ceMPOTRIV\u0102<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 publicul \u021bint\u0103 nu folose\u0219te browsere \u0219i dispozitive moderne. <\/p>\n<p>De exemplu: domenii corporative specifice, cum ar fi dezvoltarea sistemelor interne pentru b\u0103nci, institu\u021bii medicale \u0219i educa\u021bie.<\/p>\n<p>Activitatea principal\u0103 o desf\u0103\u0219ura\u021bi offline \u0219i nu sunte\u021bi preg\u0103ti\u021bi s\u0103 oferi\u021bi servicii online \u0219i trebuie pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 atrage\u021bi clien\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un magazin online sau un serviciu web care vinde deja bine, nu vede\u021bi fluxuri de clien\u021bi \u0219i reclama\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o aplica\u021bie func\u021bional\u0103 care nu poate fi adaptat\u0103 la SPA \u0219i trebuie pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 fie rescris\u0103 complet de la zero, folosind alte tehnologii, iar dvs. nu sunte\u021bi preg\u0103ti\u021bi s\u0103 investi\u021bi c\u00e2teva milioane.<\/p>\n<p>De exemplu: ave\u021bi un site pe suport sau un cod vechi, monolitic, scris de m\u00e2n\u0103. <\/p>\n<h2>Aplica\u021bii Web Progresive<\/h2>\n<p>\nAplica\u021biile web progresive (PWA) sunt produsul evolu\u021biei comune a aplica\u021biilor native \u0219i a site-urilor web. Practic, acestea sunt aplica\u021bii web care arat\u0103 \u0219i se comport\u0103 ca aplica\u021bii native reale, pot primi notific\u0103ri push, func\u021biona offline etc. \u00cen plus, utilizatorul nu trebuie s\u0103 descarce aplica\u021bia din AppStore sau Google Play, ci doar s\u0103 o salveze pe desktop.<\/p>\n<p>Ca tehnologie sau abordare de dezvoltare, PWA s-a dezvoltat din 2015 \u0219i, \u00een ultima vreme, c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 o popularitate enorm\u0103 \u00een domeniul e-commerce. <\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2teva exemple reale din via\u021b\u0103: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anul trecut, hotelul Best Western River North, dup\u0103 lansarea unui nou site cu suport PWA, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i creasc\u0103 veniturile cu 300%; <\/li>\n<li>OpenSooq.com, un site arab de tip Avito, dup\u0103 ce a implementat suport PWA, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 creasc\u0103 timpul de vizitare al site-ului cu 25% \u0219i num\u0103rul de leads cu 260%; <\/li>\n<li>Cunoscutul serviciu de \u00eent\u00e2lniri Tinder a reu\u0219it s\u0103 reduc\u0103 timpul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare de la 11,91 s la 4,69 s, dezvolt\u00e2nd PWA; \u00een plus, aplica\u021bia are o greutate cu 90% mai mic\u0103 dec\u00e2t echivalentul s\u0103u nativ pentru Android. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nUn indiciu c\u0103 merit\u0103 s\u0103 ne concentr\u0103m asupra acestei tehnologii este \u0219i faptul c\u0103 unul dintre cele mai mari motoare pentru crearea de proiecte de e-commerce, Magento, a lansat \u00een 2018 o versiune dev-kit a PWA Studio. Platforma permite crearea front-end-ului pe baza React pentru solu\u021bii de e-commerce cu suport PWA 'din cutie'.<\/p>\n<p>Un sfat pentru cei care au deja un proiect online sau doar o idee de serviciu nou cu suport pentru dispozitive mobile: nu v\u0103 gr\u0103bi\u021bi s\u0103 scrie\u021bi o aplica\u021bie nativ\u0103 complet\u0103, ci mai \u00eent\u00e2i arunca\u021bi o privire asupra tehnologiei PWA. Poate fi cea mai bun\u0103 solu\u021bie \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te raportul calitate-pre\u021b pentru produsul dumneavoastr\u0103. <\/p>\n<p>Pu\u021bin din practic\u0103. Pentru a crea o aplica\u021bie mobil\u0103 nativ\u0103 simpl\u0103 de \u0219tiri, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 exist\u0103 deja un server REST preg\u0103tit, sunt necesare aproximativ 200-300 de ore om la fiecare platform\u0103. La un pre\u021b mediu de pia\u021b\u0103 de 1500-2000 ruble\/or\u0103, aplica\u021bia poate costa \u00een jur de 1 milion de ruble. Dac\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 o aplica\u021bie web cu suport complet PWA: notific\u0103ri push, mod offline \u0219i alte func\u021bii, atunci dezvoltarea va dura 200-300 de ore om, dar produsul va fi disponibil imediat pe toate platformele. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 o economie de aproximativ 2 ori, f\u0103r\u0103 a men\u021biona c\u0103 nu va fi nevoie s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi taxe pentru publica\u021bia \u00een magazinele de aplica\u021bii.<\/p>\n<h2>Serverless<\/h2>\n<p>\nAceasta este o alt\u0103 abordare modern\u0103 pentru dezvoltare. Datorit\u0103 denumirii, mul\u021bi cred c\u0103 este vorba \u00eentr-adev\u0103r despre dezvoltarea f\u0103r\u0103 servere, c\u0103 nu este necesar s\u0103 scrie\u021bi cod back-end \u0219i c\u0103 orice dezvoltator front-end poate crea o aplica\u021bie web complet\u0103. Dar nu este a\u0219a!<\/p>\n<p>At crearea unei aplica\u021bii Serverless, serverul \u0219i baza de date sunt \u00een continuare necesare. Principala diferen\u021b\u0103 a acestui mod de abordare este c\u0103 codul back-end este prezentat sub form\u0103 de func\u021bii cloud (un alt nume pentru serverless este FaaS - Functions-as-a-Service) \u0219i permite aplica\u021biei s\u0103 se scaleze rapid \u0219i u\u0219or. \u00cen crearea unei astfel de aplica\u021bii, dezvoltatorul se poate concentra pe sarcinile de afaceri \u0219i nu trebuie s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 la scalarea \u0219i configurarea infrastructurii, ceea ce, ulterior, accelereaz\u0103 dezvoltarea aplica\u021biei \u0219i \u00eei reduce costurile. Mai mult, abordarea Serverless va ajuta la economisirea pe chirie <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/server\/\"   title=\"servere\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1330\">servere<\/a>, deoarece folose\u0219te exact resursele necesare pentru a \u00eendeplini sarcina, iar dac\u0103 nu exist\u0103 sarcin\u0103, timp server nu este folosit \u0219i, prin urmare, nici pl\u0103tit. <\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, compania media american\u0103 Bustle a reu\u0219it s\u0103 reduc\u0103 cheltuielile cu <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/\"   title=\"hosting\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2342\">hosting<\/a> peste 60% prin trecerea la Serverless. Iar compania Coca-Cola, \u00een dezvoltarea unui sistem automatizat de v\u00e2nzare a b\u0103uturilor prin automate, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 scad\u0103 costurile de hosting de la 13.000 $ la 4.500 $ pe an datorit\u0103 trecerii la Serverless.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ultimii c\u00e2\u021biva ani, din cauza nout\u0103\u021bii \u0219i limit\u0103rilor sale, Serverless a fost folosit \u00een principal pentru proiecte mici, startup-uri \u0219i MVP-uri, dar ast\u0103zi, datorit\u0103 evolu\u021biei software-ului, versatilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i puterii containeriz\u0103rii serverelor, apar instrumente care permit eliminarea limit\u0103rilor, simplificarea \u0219i accelerarea dezvolt\u0103rii aplica\u021biilor cloud.<br \/>\nAceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 scenariile de afaceri corporative \u00een care modernizarea cloud-ului era anterior considerat\u0103 imposibil\u0103 (de exemplu, pentru dispozitivele periferice, datele transmise sau aplica\u021biile cu starea p\u0103strat\u0103), sunt acum o realitate. Instrumente promi\u021b\u0103toare sunt kNative \u0219i Serverless enterprise. <\/p>\n<p>Dar, cu toate acestea, Serverless nu este un panaceu pentru dezvoltarea aplica\u021biilor web. Ca orice alt\u0103 tehnologie, are propriile sale avantaje \u0219i dezavantaje, iar alegerea acestui instrument trebuie f\u0103cut\u0103 cu \u00een\u021belegere \u0219i nu \u201es\u0103 ba\u021bi cuie cu un microscop\u201d, doar pentru c\u0103 este mai tehnologic.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a v\u0103 ajuta s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi, iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva exemple c\u00e2nd ar trebui s\u0103 lua\u021bi \u00een considerare Serverless \u00een dezvoltarea unui nou serviciu web sau \u00een \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea unuia existent:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura serverului are un caracter periodic \u0219i pl\u0103ti\u021bi pentru timpii de inactivitate. De exemplu, am avut un client cu o re\u021bea de automate de cafea care trebuia s\u0103 proceseze solicit\u0103ri \u0219i s\u0103 colecteze statistici doar de c\u00e2teva sute sau mii de ori pe zi, iar noaptea num\u0103rul cererilor sc\u0103dea la c\u00e2teva zeci. \u00cen acest caz, este mult mai eficient s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi doar pentru utilizarea real\u0103 a resurselor, a\u0219a c\u0103 am propus \u0219i implementat o solu\u021bie pe Serverless;<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 nu inten\u021biona\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 implica\u021bi \u00een detaliile tehnice ale infrastructurii \u0219i s\u0103 pl\u0103ti\u021bi prea mult pentru configurarea \u0219i suportul serverelor \u0219i al echilibratorului de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103. De exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd dezvolta\u021bi un marketplace, nu \u0219ti\u021bi exact care va fi traficul sau, dimpotriv\u0103 - planifica\u021bi un trafic ridicat \u0219i dori\u021bi ca aplica\u021bia dumneavoastr\u0103 s\u0103 suporte cu siguran\u021b\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura, atunci Serverless este o alegere excelent\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 executa\u021bi anumite evenimente \u00een flux \u00een cadrul aplica\u021biei principale, s\u0103 \u00eenregistra\u021bi date secundare \u00een tabele, s\u0103 efectua\u021bi anumite calcule. De exemplu, s\u0103 colecta\u021bi date analitice despre ac\u021biunile utilizatorului, s\u0103 le procesa\u021bi \u00eentr-un mod specific \u0219i s\u0103 le salva\u021bi \u00een baza de date;<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 simplifica\u021bi, s\u0103 unifica\u021bi sau s\u0103 accelera\u021bi munca actual\u0103 a aplica\u021biei. De exemplu, s\u0103 crea\u021bi servicii care \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc performan\u021ba \u00een procesarea imaginilor sau video, c\u00e2nd utilizatorul \u00eencarc\u0103 un videoclip \u00een cloud, iar transcodificarea este gestionat\u0103 de o func\u021bie separat\u0103, serverul principal continu\u00e2nd s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00een mod normal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n Dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 procesa\u021bi evenimente de la servicii externe. De exemplu, s\u0103 procesa\u021bi r\u0103spunsuri de la sistemele de plat\u0103 sau s\u0103 redirec\u021biona\u021bi datele utilizatorilor c\u0103tre CRM pentru a accelera procesarea cererilor poten\u021bialilor clien\u021bi.<br \/>\n Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o aplica\u021bie mare \u0219i unele p\u0103r\u021bi ale aplica\u021biei pot fi implementate mai optim folosind un limbaj diferit fa\u021b\u0103 de cel principal. De exemplu, ave\u021bi un proiect pe Java \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi o nou\u0103 func\u021bionalitate, iar m\u00e2inile libere sunt insuficiente sau implementarea \u00een acest limbaj poate dureaz\u0103 mai mult timp \u0219i exist\u0103 deja o solu\u021bie pe alt limbaj, atunci Serverless v\u0103 poate ajuta \u0219i \u00een acest sens.<\/p>\n<p>Aceasta nu este toat\u0103 lista de instrumente \u0219i tehnologii care merit\u0103 aten\u021bie, am \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it doar ceea ce folosim zilnic \u00een munc\u0103 \u0219i \u0219tim cu siguran\u021b\u0103 cum pot ajuta afacerea.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/451572\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f 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\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25284,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f 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