{"id":33659,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:59","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:59","slug":"predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/predstavlen-novyj-klass-uyazvimostej-v-protsessorah-intel","title":{"rendered":"A fost prezentat\u0103 o nou\u0103 clas\u0103 de vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een procesoarele Intel","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Compania Intel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/security-center\/advisory\/intel-sa-00233.html\">a publicat<\/a><\/noindex> informa\u021bii despre noua <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">clasificare a vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bilor<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een procesoarele sale \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">MDS<\/a><\/noindex> (Microarchitectural Data Sampling). La fel ca atacurile anterioare din clasa Spectre, noile probleme pot duce la scurgeri de date confiden\u021biale ale sistemului de operare, ma\u0219inilor virtuale \u0219i proceselor str\u0103ine. Se sus\u021bine c\u0103 problemele au fost ini\u021bial identificate de angaja\u021bii \u0219i partenerii Intel \u00een timpul unui audit intern, dup\u0103 care informa\u021biile despre probleme similare \u00een Intel au fost transmise de cercet\u0103tori independen\u021bi. Procesoarele AMD \u0219i ARM nu sunt afectate de aceste probleme.<\/p>\n<p>Pe baza problemelor identificate de cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 Graz (Austria) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpu.fail\/\">au fost dezvoltate<\/a><\/noindex> mai multe atacuri practice prin canale laterale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/\">ZombieLoad<\/a><\/noindex>  (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/zombieload.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 permite extragerea informa\u021biilor confiden\u021biale din alte procese, sistemul de operare, ma\u0219ini virtuale \u0219i enclave securizate (TEE, Trusted Execution Environment). De exemplu, a fost demonstrat\u0103 capacitatea de a determina istoricul paginilor deschise \u00een Tor browser, rulat \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103, precum \u0219i identificarea cheilor de acces \u0219i a parolelor utilizate \u00een aplica\u021bii;\n<p><center><br \/>\n<video controls=\"\" style=\"width: 720px; max-width:100%\" poster=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/images\/demo.jpg\"  src=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/videos\/demo_720.mp4\"><source src=\"https:\/\/zombieloadattack.com\/public\/videos\/demo_720.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\" label=\"720p\"><\/video><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">RIDL<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/files\/ridl.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 permite organizarea scurgerilor de informa\u021bii \u00eentre diferite zone izolate \u00een procesoarele Intel, cum ar fi buferele de umplere, buferele de stocare \u0219i por\u021bile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Exemple de atacuri au fost prezentate pentru organizarea scurgerilor din alte procese, sistemul de operare, ma\u0219ini virtuale \u0219i enclave securizate. De exemplu, s-a demonstrat cum se poate afla con\u021binutul hash-ului parolei root din \/etc\/shadow \u00een urma unor \u00eencerc\u0103ri periodice de autentificare (atacul a durat 24 de ore);\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"JXPebaGY8RA\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/JXPebaGY8RA\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, a fost prezentat un exemplu de atac folosind JavaScript \u0219i WebAssembly atunci c\u00e2nd se deschide o pagin\u0103 mali\u021bioas\u0103 \u00een motorul SpiderMonkey (\u00een browserele moderne complete, un astfel de atac este pu\u021bin probabil din cauza limit\u0103rii preciziei temporizatorului \u0219i a m\u0103surilor de protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva Spectre);<\/p>\n<p><center><div class=\"youtube-placeholder\" data-id=\"KAgoDQmod1Y\" onclick=\"loadVideo(this)\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/KAgoDQmod1Y\/hqdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Reda\u021bi video\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;\">\r\n        <div class=\"play-button\"><\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/\">Fallout<\/a><\/noindex> (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mdsattacks.com\/files\/fallout.pdf\">PDF<\/a><\/noindex>) \u2014 ofer\u0103 posibilitatea de a citi date recent scrise de sistemul de operare \u0219i de a determina aranjamentul memoriei OS pentru a facilita efectuarea altor atacuri;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cpu.fail\/store_to_leak_forwarding.pdf\">Store-To-Leak Forwarding<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 exploateaz\u0103 optimiz\u0103rile CPU pentru manipularea buferului de stocare \u0219i poate fi utilizat pentru a contura mecanismul de randomizare a spa\u021biului de adres\u0103 al nucleului (KASLR), pentru a monitoriza starea sistemului de operare sau pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberus-technology.de\/posts\/2019-05-14-zombieload.html\">organizare<\/a><\/noindex> scurgeri \u00een combina\u021bie cu gadgeturile bazate pe metodele Spectre.\n<\/ul>\n<p>Identificate <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/software-guidance\/microarchitectural-data-sampling\">vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi<\/a><\/noindex>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12126 \u2014 MSBDS (Microarchitectural Store Buffer Data Sampling), recuperarea con\u021binutului buferelor de stocare. Utilizat \u00een atacul Fallout. Gradul de pericol a fost evaluat la 6.5 puncte (CVSS);\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12127 \u2014 MLPDS (Microarchitectural Load Port Data Sampling), recuperarea con\u021binutului por\u021bilor de \u00eenc\u0103rcare. Utilizat \u00een atacul RIDL. CVSS 6.5;\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2018-12130 \u2014 MFBDS (Microarchitectural Fill Buffer Data Sampling), recuperarea con\u021binutului buferelor de umplere. Utilizat \u00een atacurile ZombieLoad \u0219i RIDL. CVSS 6.5;\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2019-11091 \u2014 MDSUM (Microarchitectural Data Sampling Uncacheable Memory), recuperarea con\u021binutului memoriei necacheabile. Utilizat \u00een atacul RIDL. CVSS 3.8.\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/software.intel.com\/security-software-guidance\/insights\/deep-dive-intel-analysis-microarchitectural-data-sampling\">Esenta<\/a><\/noindex> problemelor identificate \u00een utilizarea metodelor de analiz\u0103 prin canale laterale asupra datelor din structuri microarhitecturale, la care aplica\u021biile nu au acces direct. Este vorba despre structuri de nivel inferior, cum ar fi bufferurile de umplere (Line Fill Buffer), bufferurile de stocare (Store Buffer) \u0219i por\u021biile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare (Load Port), care sunt unit\u0103\u021bi mai mici dec\u00e2t cache-ul de nivel 1 (L1D), cache-ul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a datelor (RDCL) sau L1TF (L1 Terminal Fault), \u0219i, prin urmare, con\u021bin mai pu\u021bine informa\u021bii \u0219i sunt actualizate mai frecvent.<br \/>\n<center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A fost prezentat\u0103 o nou\u0103 clas\u0103 de vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een procesoarele Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/205ff034e070b8b057f01c02d6381c2a.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Atacurile prin canale laterale asupra structurilor microarhitecturale sunt semnificativ mai complexe de realizat fa\u021b\u0103 de metodele de recuperare a con\u021binutului cache-ului \u0219i necesit\u0103 urm\u0103rirea \u0219i analiza unor volume mari de date pentru a determina rela\u021bia lor cu anumite adrese din memorie (\u00een esen\u021b\u0103, atacatorul nu poate intercepta \u00een mod \u021bintit anumite date, ci poate acumula scurgeri pentru o perioad\u0103 \u00eendelungat\u0103 \u0219i aplica metode statistice pentru a reconstrui anumite tipuri de date). \u00cen plus, atacul afecteaz\u0103 doar datele de pe acela\u0219i nucleu fizic CPU cu codul atacatorului.<\/p>\n<p>Metodele propuse pentru determinarea con\u021binutului structurilor microarhitecturale se bazeaz\u0103 pe faptul c\u0103 aceste structuri sunt utilizate \u00een procesarea speculativ\u0103 a excep\u021biilor (fault) sau a opera\u021biunilor load \u0219i store.<br \/>\n\u00cen execu\u021bia speculativ\u0103, con\u021binutul structurilor interne este redirec\u021bionat pentru procesare \u00een registre sau cache. Opera\u021biunile speculativ\u0103 nu se finalizeaz\u0103 \u0219i rezultatul este abandonat, dar con\u021binutul redirectat poate fi determinat prin metode de analiz\u0103 a cache-ului prin canale laterale.<\/p>\n<p>Por\u021bile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare sunt utilizate de procesor pentru a ob\u021bine date din memorie sau subsistemul de intrare\/ie\u0219ire \u0219i pentru a furniza informa\u021biile ob\u021binute \u00een registrele CPU. Datorit\u0103 specificului implement\u0103rii, datele din opera\u021biile vechi de \u00eenc\u0103rcare r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een por\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 la suprascrierea acestora cu date noi, ceea ce permite determinarea indirect\u0103 a st\u0103rii datelor \u00een portul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare prin manipul\u0103ri cu excep\u021bii (fault) \u0219i instruc\u021biuni SSE\/AVX\/AVX-512 care \u00eencarc\u0103 mai mult de 64 de bi\u021bi de date. \u00cen astfel de condi\u021bii, opera\u021biile de \u00eenc\u0103rcare speculativ exacerbeaz\u0103 valori \u00eenvechite ale datelor din structuri interne \u00een opera\u021bii dependente. O scurgere similar\u0103 are loc prin bufferul de stocare, folosit pentru a accelera scrierea \u00een cache-ul CPU \u0219i care include o tabel\u0103 de adrese, valori \u0219i steaguri, precum \u0219i prin bufferul de completare, care con\u021bine datele \u00een absen\u021ba acestora \u00een cache-ul L1 (cache-miss), pe durata \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii lor din cache-urile altor niveluri.<\/p>\n<p><center><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/pics_base\/0_1557869220.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"A fost prezentat\u0103 o nou\u0103 clas\u0103 de vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bi \u00een procesoarele Intel\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1f8bf290cd6ecbec5a5f17cc3103010d.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Problema <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/engineering-new-protections-into-hardware.html\">implic\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> modelele de procesoare Intel, produse din 2011 (\u00eencep\u00e2nd cu genera\u021bia 6). Totu\u0219i, vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile hardware sunt blocate \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu anumite modele din genera\u021biile 8 \u0219i 9 ale Intel Core \u0219i din genera\u021bia 2 a Intel Xeon Scalable (se poate verifica prin bitul ARCH_CAP_MDS_NO \u00een IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR). Vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bile au fost deja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">remediate<\/a><\/noindex> la nivel de firmware, microcod \u0219i sisteme de operare. Conform estim\u0103rilor Intel, pierderea performan\u021bei dup\u0103 activarea corec\u021biei pentru majoritatea utilizatorilor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/mds.html\">nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> 3%. La dezactivarea tehnologiei Hyper-Threading, sc\u0103derea performan\u021bei poate ajunge la 9% \u00een testul SPECint_rate_base, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 11% \u00een timpul calculelor \u00eentregi active \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la 19% la rularea aplica\u021biilor server Java (cu HT activ, sc\u0103derea performan\u021bei este practic inexistent\u0103). Corec\u021biile au efecte minime asupra performan\u021bei opera\u021biunilor legate de intrare\/ie\u0219ire.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen nucleul Linux, protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva MDS <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fa4bff165070dc40a3de35b78e4f8da8e8d85ec5\">a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een actualiz\u0103rile de ast\u0103zi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">4.19.43, 4.14.119 \u0219i 4.9.176. Metoda de protec\u021bie<\/a><\/noindex>  \t5.1.2, 5.0.16,<br \/>\nse bazeaz\u0103 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/x86\/mds.html#mds\">se construie\u0219te<\/a><\/noindex> \u00een cur\u0103\u021barea con\u021binutului bufferelor de microarhitectur\u0103 \u00een momentul revenirii din nucleu \u00een spa\u021biul utilizatorului sau \u00een timpul transferului controlului c\u0103tre sistemul gazd\u0103, pentru care se utilizeaz\u0103 instruc\u021biunea VERW. Pentru a func\u021biona, patch-urile necesit\u0103 suport pentru modul MD_CLEAR, implementat \u00een cea mai recent\u0103 actualizare a microcodului. De asemenea, se recomand\u0103 dezactivarea Hyper Threading pentru o protec\u021bie total\u0103. Pentru a verifica susceptibilitatea sistemului la vulnerabilitate \u00een nucleul Linux <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/hw-vuln\/mds.html\">ad\u0103ugat<\/a><\/noindex> handler \u201e\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/mds\u201d. Pentru a gestiona activarea diferitelor moduri de blocare a vulnerabilit\u0103\u021bii, \u00een nucleu a fost ad\u0103ugat parametrul \u201emds=\u201d, care poate lua valorile \u201efull\u201d, \u201efull,nosmt\u201d (dezactivarea Hyper-Threads), \u201evmwerv\u201d \u0219i \u201eoff\u201d.<\/p>\n<p> Actualiz\u0103rile pachetelor au fost deja lansate pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bugzilla.redhat.com\/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-12127\">RHEL<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/people.canonical.com\/~ubuntu-security\/cve\/2018\/CVE-2018-12127.html\">Ubuntu<\/a><\/noindex>, dar r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een continuare indisponibile pentru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/security-tracker.debian.org\/tracker\/CVE-2018-12130\">Debian<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bodhi.fedoraproject.org\/updates\/?releases=F30&#038;type=security\">Fedora<\/a><\/noindex> \u0219i <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.suse.com\/security\/cve\/CVE-2018-12127\/\">SUSE<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nPatch-ul pentru blocarea scurgerilor de date din ma\u0219inile virtuale de asemenea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xenbits.xen.org\/xsa\/advisory-297.html\">formatat<\/a><\/noindex> pentru hypervisorul Xen. Pentru a proteja sistemele de virtualizare care efectueaz\u0103 apelul comenzii L1D_FLUSH \u00eenainte de a transfera controlul c\u0103tre o alt\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 virtual\u0103, \u0219i pentru a proteja enclavele Intel SGX, este suficient\u0103 actualizarea microcodului.  <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50684\">opennet.ro<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Intel \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 &#8212; MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling). \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Spectre \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0451\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 Intel \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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