{"id":33661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","title":{"rendered":"Cum s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi c\u00e2nd proxy-urile sunt necorespunz\u0103toare: verificarea loca\u021biilor fizice ale proxy-urilor de re\u021bea folosind un algoritm de geolocalizare activ\u0103","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cum<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Oamenii din \u00eentreaga lume folosesc proxy comerciale pentru a-\u0219i ascunde adev\u0103rata loca\u021bie sau identitate. Acest lucru poate fi realizat pentru a aborda diverse probleme, inclusiv accesul la informa\u021bii blocate sau asigurarea confiden\u021bialit\u0103\u021bii. <\/p>\n

Dar c\u00e2t de corecte sunt afirma\u021biile providerilor acestor proxy atunci c\u00e2nd declar\u0103 c\u0103 serverele lor sunt situate \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 \u021bar\u0103? Aceasta este o \u00eentrebare esen\u021bial\u0103, al c\u0103rei r\u0103spuns determin\u0103 dac\u0103 clien\u021bii preocupa\u021bi de protec\u021bia informa\u021biilor personale pot utiliza un anumit serviciu.<\/p>\n

Un grup de oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 americani de la universit\u0103\u021bile Massachusetts, Carnegie Mellon \u0219i Stony Brook a publicat o cercetare<\/a><\/noindex>, \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia au verificat loca\u021bia real\u0103 a serverelor a \u0219apte provider de proxy populari. Am preg\u0103tit un rezumat scurt al principalelor rezultate.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Introducere<\/h2>\n

\nOperatorii de proxy deseori nu ofer\u0103 nicio informa\u021bie care s\u0103 confirme exactitatea afirma\u021biilor lor privind loca\u021bia serverelor. Bazele de date IP-to-location de obicei sus\u021bin tezele publicitare ale acestor companii, dar exist\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de dovezi ale erorilor din aceste baze.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cadrul cercet\u0103rii, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 americani au evaluat loca\u021bia a 2269 de servere proxy, gestionate de \u0219apte companii de proxy \u0219i situate \u00een total \u00een 222 de \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i teritorii. Analiza a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o treime dintre toate serverele nu se afl\u0103 \u00een \u021b\u0103rile pe care companiile le declar\u0103 \u00een materialele lor de marketing. \u00cen schimb, ele sunt situate \u00een \u021b\u0103ri cu hosting ieftin \u0219i de \u00eencredere: \u00een Cehia, Germania, Olanda, Marea Britanie \u0219i Statele Unite.<\/p>\n

Analiza loca\u021biei serverelor<\/h2>\n

\nProviderii comerciali de VPN \u0219i proxy pot influen\u021ba acurate\u021bea bazelor de date IP-to-location \u2013 companiile au capacitatea de a manipula, de exemplu, codurile loca\u021biilor din denumirile routerelor. Drept urmare, materialele de marketing pot sus\u021bine un num\u0103r mare de loca\u021bii disponibile pentru utilizatori, \u00een timp ce, \u00een realitate, pentru a economisi \u0219i a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi fiabilitatea func\u021bion\u0103rii, serverele se afl\u0103 fizic \u00eentr-un num\u0103r mic de \u021b\u0103ri, de\u0219i bazele IP-to-location indic\u0103 contrariul.<\/p>\n

Pentru a verifica loca\u021bia real\u0103 a serverelor, cercet\u0103torii au folosit un algoritm de geoloca\u021bie activ\u0103. Cu ajutorul acestuia, a fost evaluat roundtrip-ul pachetului trimis c\u0103tre server \u0219i c\u0103tre alte gazde cunoscute din internet. <\/p>\n

Astfel, doar mai pu\u021bin de 10% dintre proxy-urile testate au r\u0103spuns la ping, iar din motive evidente, cercet\u0103torii nu au putut rula niciun software pentru m\u0103sur\u0103tori pe serverul \u00een sine. Au avut doar posibilitatea de a trimite pachete prin proxy, a\u0219a c\u0103 roundtrip-ul c\u0103tre orice punct din spa\u021biu reprezint\u0103 suma timpului \u00een care pachetul ajunge de la gazda de testare la proxy \u0219i apoi de la proxy la destinatar.<\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\n\u00cen timpul cercet\u0103rii, a fost dezvoltat un software specializat bazat pe patru algoritmi de geoloca\u021bie activ\u0103: CBG, Octant, Spotter \u0219i Octant\/Spotter hibrid. Codul solu\u021biei disponibil<\/a><\/noindex> pe GitHub.<\/p>\n

Deoarece nu se putea conta pe bazele de date IP-to-location, pentru experimente cercet\u0103torii au folosit o list\u0103 de gazde ancor\u0103 RIPE Atlas \u2013 informa\u021biile din aceast\u0103 baz\u0103 sunt disponibile online, se actualizeaz\u0103 constant, iar loca\u021biile documentate sunt corecte; mai mult, gazdele din list\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i trimit constant semnale de ping \u0219i actualizeaz\u0103 datele despre roundtrip \u00een baza de date public\u0103.<\/p>\n

Solu\u021biile dezvoltate de c\u0103tre cercet\u0103tori reprezint\u0103 o aplica\u021bie web care stabile\u0219te conexiuni TCP protejate (HTTPS) pe portul HTTP 80, care nu este securizat. Dac\u0103 serverul nu ascult\u0103 pe acest port, dup\u0103 o solicitare va avea loc o eroare; dar dac\u0103 serverul ascult\u0103 pe acest port, browserul va primi un r\u0103spuns SYN-ACK cu pachetul TLS ClientHello. Acest lucru va provoca o eroare de protocol, iar browserul va afi\u0219a o eroare, dar numai dup\u0103 al doilea roundtrip. <\/p>\n

\"Cum
\n
\nAstfel, aplica\u021bia web poate m\u0103sura timpul unui sau dou\u0103 roundtrip-uri. Un serviciu similar a fost implementat sub forma unui program care se execut\u0103 din linia de comand\u0103.<\/p>\n

Niciunul dintre furnizorii testa\u021bi nu dezv\u0103luie loca\u021bia exact\u0103 a serverelor lor proxy. \u00cen cel mai bun caz, se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 ora\u0219ele, dar, cel mai adesea, exist\u0103 informa\u021bii doar despre \u021bar\u0103. Chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd un ora\u0219 este men\u021bionat, pot ap\u0103rea confuzii \u2013 de exemplu, cercet\u0103torii au analizat un fi\u0219ier de configurare de pe unul dintre servere intitulat usa.new-york-city.cfg, care con\u021binea instruc\u021biuni pentru conectarea la un server numit chicago.vpn-provider.example. A\u0219adar, se poate confirma cu aproximare doar apartenen\u021ba serverului la o anumit\u0103 \u021bar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Rezultate<\/h2>\n

\n\u00cen urma testelor cu un algoritm de geoloca\u021bie activ\u0103, cercet\u0103torii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 confirme loca\u021bia a 989 din 2269 de adrese IP. \u00cen cazul a 642, acest lucru nu a fost posibil, iar 638 se afl\u0103 cu certitudine \u00een \u021b\u0103ri diferite de cele promise de serviciile proxy. Peste 400 dintre aceste adrese false se afl\u0103 de fapt pe acela\u0219i continent cu \u021bara declarat\u0103. <\/p>\n

\"Cum<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Adresele corecte se afl\u0103 \u00een \u021b\u0103rile cele mai frecvent utilizate pentru g\u0103zduirea serverelor (face\u021bi clic pentru a deschide imaginea la dimensiunea complet\u0103)<\/i><\/p>\n

Hosturile suspecte au fost descoperite la fiecare dintre cei \u0219apte furnizori testa\u021bi. Cercet\u0103torii au solicitat comentarii din partea companiilor, dar toate au refuzat s\u0103 comunice.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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