{"id":33662,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya","title":{"rendered":"Accidente mari \u00een centrele de date: cauze \u0219i consecin\u021be","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Centrele de date moderne sunt fiabile, totu\u0219i orice echipament se defecteaz\u0103 din c\u00e2nd \u00een c\u00e2nd. \u00centr-o not\u0103 concis\u0103, am adunat cele mai semnificative incidente din 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\"Accidente<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Influen\u021ba tehnologiilor digitale asupra economiei cre\u0219te, volumele de informa\u021bii procesate se m\u0103resc, se construiesc noi obiective, \u0219i acesta este un lucru bun, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t totul func\u021bioneaz\u0103. Din p\u0103cate, influen\u021ba \u00eentreruperilor din centrele de date asupra economiei cre\u0219te de asemenea, de c\u00e2nd oamenii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i plaseze infrastructura IT critic\u0103 pentru afaceri \u00een acestea \u2013 o consecin\u021b\u0103 inevitabil\u0103 a digitaliz\u0103rii. Public\u0103m o mic\u0103 selec\u021bie a celor mai notabile accidente care au avut loc \u00een diferite \u021b\u0103ri anul trecut.<\/p>\n

SUA<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 este recunoscut\u0103 ca lider \u00een construc\u021bia de centre de date. \u00cen SUA exist\u0103 cele mai multe centre comerciale \u0219i corporative mari centrelor de date<\/a>, care servesc servicii globale, a\u0219a c\u0103 consecin\u021bele incidentelor din acestea sunt cele mai semnificative. La \u00eenceputul lunii martie, din cauza unui ciclon puternic, patru obiective ale operatorului Equinix au avut probleme cu alimentarea cu energie. Spa\u021biile au fost utilizate pentru echipamentele Amazon Web Services (AWS), iar accidentul a dus la inaccesibilitatea multor servicii populare: au fost afectate GitHub, MongoDB, NewVoiceMedia, Slack, Zillow, Atlassian, Twilio \u0219i Capital One, precum \u0219i asistentul virtual Amazon Alexa. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen septembrie, anomaliile climatice au lovit centrele de date Microsoft situate \u00een statul Texas, atunci c\u00e2nd, din cauza furtunilor, alimentarea cu energie electric\u0103 a \u00eentregii regiuni a fost \u00eentrerupt\u0103, iar \u00eentr-un centru de date care a trecut la alimentarea de la generatoare diesel, sistemul de racire s-a oprit inexplicabil. Remedierea efectelor accidentului a durat c\u00e2teva zile \u0219i, de\u0219i datorit\u0103 echilibr\u0103rii \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii acest defect nu a devenit critic, utilizatorii din \u00eentreaga lume au observat o oarecare \u00eencetinire a serviciilor cloud Microsoft.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Rusia<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Cel mai grav accident a avut loc pe 20 august \u00eentr-unul dintre centrele de date ale Rostelecom. Din cauza acestuia, serverele Registrului Na\u021bional Unic al Propriet\u0103\u021bii Imobiliare s-au oprit timp de 66 de ore, ceea ce a dus la necesitatea transfer\u0103rii acestora pe un site de rezerv\u0103. Procesarea solicit\u0103rilor venite din toate canalele a re\u00eenceput abia pe 3 septembrie \u2013 organiza\u021bia de stat \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 recupereze o sum\u0103 mare de bani de la Rostelecom pentru \u00eenc\u0103lcarea acordului de nivel de serviciu. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pe 16 februarie, din cauza problemelor \u00een re\u021belele Lenenergo, a fost activat\u0103 sistemul de alimentare electric\u0103 de rezerv\u0103 \u00een centrul de date al companiei Xelnet (Sankt Petersburg). O \u00eentrerupere temporar\u0103 a sinusoidei a cauzat perturb\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bionarea multor servicii: printre acestea a fost afectat, \u00een special, un mare furnizor de cloud, 1cloud, dar cea mai vizibil\u0103 problem\u0103 pentru publicul rus de pe internet a fost imposibilitatea de a accesa site-ul re\u021belei sociale \u201eVKontakte\u201d. Ceea ce este cel mai interesant este c\u0103 eliminarea complet\u0103 a consecin\u021belor \u00eentreruperii temporare a aliment\u0103rii electrice a durat aproximativ 12 ore.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Uniunea European\u0103<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen UE, \u00een 2018, au fost \u00eenregistrate c\u00e2teva incidente grave. \u00cen martie, a avut loc o defec\u021biune \u00een centrul de date al companiei aeriene KLM: alimentarea cu energie electric\u0103 a fost oprit\u0103 timp de 10 minute, iar puterea instala\u021biilor cu generatoare diesel s-a dovedit insuficient\u0103 pentru func\u021bionarea echipamentului. O parte servere<\/a> s-au deconectat, iar companiile aeriene au fost nevoite s\u0103 anuleze sau s\u0103 reprogramaze mai multe zboruri. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Acesta nu este singurul incident legat de transporturile aeriene; deja \u00een aprilie, o defec\u021biune a avut loc \u00een sistemul de alimentare electric\u0103 al centrului de date Eurocontrol. Organiza\u021bia gestioneaz\u0103 traficul aerian \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, iar \u00een timp ce speciali\u0219tii au lucrat 5 ore pentru a remedia consecin\u021bele accidentului, pasagerii au fost nevoi\u021bi din nou s\u0103 suporte \u00eent\u00e2rzieri \u0219i reprogram\u0103ri ale zborurilor. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Problemele extrem de grave apar din cauza accidentelor \u00een centrele de date care servesc sectorul financiar. Costul \u00eentreruperilor \u00een efectuarea tranzac\u021biilor aici este de obicei foarte mare, iar nivelul de fiabilitate al obiectivelor este corespunz\u0103tor, dar incidentele nu pot fi evitate. Pe 18 aprilie, bursa Nordic NASDAQ (Helsinki, Finlanda) nu a putut desf\u0103\u0219ura tranzac\u021bii \u00een \u00eentreaga Nordul Europei timp de o zi din cauza activ\u0103rii neautorizate a sistemului de stins incendii cu gaze \u00eentr-un centru de date comercial DigiPlex, care a fost deconectat de urgen\u021b\u0103. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pe 7 iunie, problemele din centrul de date au for\u021bat bursa de valori din Londra (London Stock Exchange, LSE) s\u0103 am\u00e2ne \u00eenceputul tranzac\u021biilor cu o or\u0103. \u00cen plus, \u00een iunie, pe teritoriul Europei, din cauza unei defec\u021biuni \u00een centrul de date, serviciile sistemului interna\u021bional de pl\u0103\u021bi VISA au fost deconectate timp de o zi, detaliile incidentului nefiind f\u0103cute publice.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Japonia<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen vara anului 2018, la nivelurile subterane ale centrului de date Amazon aflat \u00een construc\u021bie \u00een suburbia Tokyo a avut loc un incendiu \u00een urma c\u0103ruia au murit 5 muncitori \u0219i au fost r\u0103ni\u021bi cel pu\u021bin 50. Focul a deteriorat aproximativ 5000 m2 de spa\u021bii ale obiectivului. Investiga\u021bia a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 incendiul a fost cauzat de factorul uman: izola\u021bia s-a aprins din cauza manipul\u0103rii necorespunz\u0103toare a aragazurilor cu acetilen\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cauzele defec\u021biunilor<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Lista incidentelor prezentat\u0103 nu este complet\u0103, din cauza avariilor din centrele de date, clien\u021bii b\u0103ncilor \u0219i telecomunica\u021biilor sufer\u0103, servicii ale furnizorilor de cloud ies offline \u0219i chiar activitatea serviciilor de urgen\u021b\u0103 este afectat\u0103. O mic\u0103 \u00eentrerupere a serviciului poate duce la pierderi semnificative; conform datelor de la Uptime Institute, majoritatea defec\u021biunilor (39 %) sunt legate de sistemul de alimentare cu energie. Pe locul doi (24 %) este factorul uman, iar pe locul trei (15 %) se afl\u0103 sistemul de climatizare. Fenomenele naturale reprezint\u0103 doar 12 % din accidentele din centrele de date, iar doar 10 % dintre acestea au cauze diferite de cele enumerate. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda standardelor stricte de fiabilitate \u0219i siguran\u021b\u0103, niciun obiectiv nu este complet ferit de incidente. Cele mai multe dintre acestea se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 din cauza defec\u021biunilor de alimentare cu electricitate sau a gre\u0219elilor personalului. Aceste dou\u0103 aspecte ar trebui s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 din partea proprietarilor de centre de date \u0219i camere server, iar clien\u021bii ar trebui s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103: chiar \u0219i liderii de pia\u021b\u0103 nu pot garanta o fiabilitate absolut\u0103. Dac\u0103 echipamentele sau serviciul de cloud sus\u021bin procese critice pentru afacere, ar trebui s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare o loca\u021bie de rezerv\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sursa foto: telecombloger.ro<\/em><\/p>\n

Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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