{"id":33718,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","slug":"optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","title":{"rendered":"Optimizarea func\u021bion\u0103rii depozitelor de e-mail \u00een Zimbra Collaboration Suite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen unul dintre studiile noastre articolele anterioare<\/a><\/noindex>, dedicat planific\u0103rii infrastructurii pentru implementarea suitei Zimbra Collaboration \u00een \u00eentreprindere, s-a men\u021bionat c\u0103 principala limitare a acestei solu\u021bii este viteza de citire \u0219i scriere a dispozitivelor de stocare din hranele po\u0219tale. \u0218i \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, \u00een momentul \u00een care c\u00e2teva sute de angaja\u021bi ai \u00eentreprinderii acceseaz\u0103 simultan aceea\u0219i hr\u00e2n\u0103 po\u0219tal\u0103, l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103 pentru scrierea \u0219i citirea informa\u021biilor de pe hard diskuri poate fi insuficient\u0103 pentru o func\u021bionare responsive a serviciului. \u0218i, dac\u0103 pentru instala\u021biile mici Zimbra acest lucru nu va fi o problem\u0103 major\u0103, \u00een cazul marilor \u00eentreprinderi \u0219i al furnizorilor SaaS, toate acestea pot duce la o func\u021bionare nerespuns\u0103 a po\u0219tei electronice \u0219i, ca urmare, la sc\u0103derea eficien\u021bei angaja\u021bilor, precum \u0219i la \u00eenc\u0103lcarea SLA-ului. De aceea, atunci c\u00e2nd se proiecteaz\u0103 \u0219i se opereaz\u0103 instala\u021bii de mari dimensiuni Zimbra, este necesar s\u0103 se acorde o aten\u021bie special\u0103 optimiz\u0103rii func\u021bion\u0103rii hard diskurilor \u00een hrana po\u0219tal\u0103. S\u0103 analiz\u0103m dou\u0103 cazuri \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 descoperim ce metode de optimizare a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii pe stoc\u0103rile de discuri pot fi aplicate \u00een fiecare dintre ele.<\/p>\n

\"Optimizarea<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Optimizarea \u00een proiectarea unei instala\u021bii mari Zimbra<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cen etapa de proiectare a unei instala\u021bii Zimbra cu \u00eenc\u0103rcare mare, administratorul acesteia trebuie s\u0103 decid\u0103 ce sistem de stocare a datelor s\u0103 utilizeze. Pentru a se hot\u0103r\u00ee \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u021b\u0103, este important s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u0103 principala \u00eenc\u0103rcare pe hard diskuri este generat\u0103 de sistemele de gestionare a bazelor de date MariaDB, sistemul de c\u0103utare Apache Lucene, precum \u0219i de stocarea obiectelor BLOB incluse \u00een Zimbra Collaboration Suite. De aceea, pentru func\u021bionarea acestor produse software \u00een condi\u021bii de \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri mari, este necesar s\u0103 se utilizeze echipamente rapide \u0219i fiabile. <\/p>\n

\u00cen condi\u021bii obi\u0219nuite, Zimbra poate fi instalat at\u00e2t pe un RAID din hard diskuri, c\u00e2t \u0219i pe stoc\u0103ri conectate prin protocol NFS. \u00cen cazuri de instala\u021bii foarte mici, Zimbra poate fi instalat pe un hard disk SATA obi\u0219nuit. Totu\u0219i, \u00een condi\u021biile instala\u021biilor mari, toate aceste tehnologii demonstreaz\u0103 diverse dezavantaje, precum viteza sc\u0103zut\u0103 de scriere sau fiabilitate sc\u0103zut\u0103, ceea ce este inacceptabil at\u00e2t pentru marile \u00eentreprinderi, c\u00e2t \u0219i, cu at\u00e2t mai mult, pentru furnizorii SaaS.<\/p>\n

De aceea, \u00een condi\u021biile infrastructurilor mari, cel mai bine este s\u0103 folose\u0219ti SAN pentru Zimbra. Aceasta este \u00een prezent capabil\u0103 s\u0103 ofere cea mai mare l\u0103\u021bime de band\u0103 pentru dispozitivele de stocare \u0219i, datorit\u0103 capacit\u0103\u021bii de a conecta o cantitate mare de cache, utilizarea sa nu implic\u0103 riscuri semnificative pentru companie. O idee bun\u0103 ar fi utilizarea NVRAM, care este utilizat\u0103 \u00een multe SAN pentru a accelera opera\u021biunile de scriere. \u00cen schimb, ar trebui s\u0103 dezactivezi caching-ul datelor scrise pe discuri, deoarece acesta poate cauza daune iremediabile suporturilor \u0219i pierderi de date \u00een caz de probleme de alimentare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te alegerea sistemului de fi\u0219iere, cea mai bun\u0103 op\u021biune va fi utilizarea standardelor pentru Linux Ext3\/Ext4. Principalul detaliu legat de sistemul de fi\u0219iere este c\u0103 acesta trebuie montat cu parametrul -noatime<\/b>. Acest parametru va dezactiva func\u021bia de \u00eenregistrare a ultimei acces\u0103ri a fi\u0219ierelor, ceea ce va reduce semnificativ \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura de citire \u0219i scriere. \u00cen general, atunci c\u00e2nd creezi un sistem de fi\u0219iere ext3 sau ext4 pentru Zimbra, ar trebui s\u0103 folose\u0219ti urm\u0103torii parametri ai utilitarului mke2fs<\/b>:<\/p>\n

-j<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a crea jurnalul sistemului de fi\u0219iere Create the file system with an ext3\/ext4 journal.
\n-L NUME<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a crea un nume de volum, care va fi folosit ulterior \u00een \/etc\/fstab
\n-O dir_index<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a folosi un arbore de c\u0103utare hash pentru accelerarea c\u0103ut\u0103rii fi\u0219ierelor \u00een directoare mari
\n-m 2<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a rezerva 2% din volum \u00een sistemele mari de fi\u0219iere pentru directorul r\u0103d\u0103cin\u0103
\n-J size=400<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a crea un jurnal mare
\n-b 4096<\/b> \u2014 Pentru a defini m\u0103rimea blocului \u00een bi\u021bi
\n-i 10240<\/b> \u2014 Pentru depozitul de mesaje, acest parametru trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 dimensiunii medii a mesajelor. Este important s\u0103 acorzi aten\u021bie acestui parametru, deoarece ulterior valoarea sa nu va putea fi modificat\u0103.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nDe asemenea, se recomand\u0103 activarea dirsync<\/b> pentru depozitul obiectelor BLOB, depozitul de metadate de c\u0103utare Lucene \u0219i depozitul de coad\u0103 MTA. Aceasta ar trebui f\u0103cut\u0103 deoarece, de obicei, Zimbra folose\u0219te utilitarul fsync<\/b> pentru a asigura \u00eenregistrarea garantat\u0103 a blob-ului de date pe disc. Cu toate acestea, atunci c\u00e2nd depozitul de e-mail Zimbra sau MTA creeaz\u0103 noi fi\u0219iere \u00een timpul livr\u0103rii mesajelor, apare necesitatea de a scrie pe disc modific\u0103rile survenite \u00een folderele corespunz\u0103toare. De aceea, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd fi\u0219ierul a fost deja scris pe disc prin fsync<\/b>, \u00eenregistrarea ad\u0103ug\u0103rii sale \u00een director poate s\u0103 nu fie suficient de rapid\u0103 pentru a se scrie pe disc \u0219i, \u00een consecin\u021b\u0103, poate fi pierdut\u0103 din cauza unei defec\u021biuni bru\u0219te a serverului. Datorit\u0103 utiliz\u0103rii dirsync<\/b> aceste probleme pot fi evitate.<\/p>\n

2. Optimizarea \u00eentr-o infrastructur\u0103 Zimbra func\u021bional\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n

Adesea, dup\u0103 c\u00e2\u021biva ani de utilizare a Zimbra, num\u0103rul utilizatorilor s\u0103i cre\u0219te semnificativ, iar performan\u021ba serviciului devine din ce \u00een ce mai pu\u021bin responsiv\u0103. Solu\u021bia pentru aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie este evident\u0103: trebuie pur \u0219i simplu s\u0103 ad\u0103uga\u021bi noi servere \u00een infrastructur\u0103 pentru ca serviciul s\u0103 func\u021bioneze din nou la fel de rapid ca \u00eenainte. Totu\u0219i, nu este \u00eentotdeauna posibil s\u0103 se adauge imediat noi servere \u00een infrastructur\u0103 pentru a-i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi performan\u021ba. Adesea, managerii IT trebuie s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 avizele necesare pentru achizi\u021bii noilor servere<\/a> de la contabilitate sau departamentul de securitate, \u0219i nu de pu\u021bine ori furnizorii \u00eent\u00e2rzie livrarea unui nou server sau chiar aduc ceva complet diferit.<\/p>\n

Desigur, cel mai bine este s\u0103 construie\u0219ti infrastructura Zimbra cu un surplus, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 ai \u00eentotdeauna rezerve pentru extindere \u0219i s\u0103 nu depinzi de nimeni, dar dac\u0103 gre\u0219elile au fost deja f\u0103cute, managerul IT nu \u00eei r\u0103m\u00e2ne dec\u00e2t s\u0103 minimizeze consecin\u021bele. De exemplu, managerul IT poate realiza o mic\u0103 cre\u0219tere a performan\u021bei prin dezactivarea temporar\u0103 a serviciilor de sistem Linux, care, prin func\u021bionarea lor, acceseaz\u0103 regulat hard disk-urile \u0219i pot influen\u021ba negativ viteza de lucru a Zimbra. A\u0219adar, temporar, pot fi dezactivate:<\/p>\n

autofs, netfs<\/b> \u2014 Servicii de detectare a sistemelor de fi\u0219iere externe
\ncups<\/b> \u2014 Serviciu de imprimare
\nxinetd, vsftpd<\/b> \u2014 Servicii integrate *NIX, care probabil nu vor fi necesare
\nportmap, rpcsvcgssd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd<\/b> \u2014 Servicii de apeluri de proceduri la distan\u021b\u0103, care sunt de obicei folosite \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sistemele de fi\u0219iere de re\u021bea
\ndovecot, cyrus-imapd, sendmail, exim, postfix, ldap<\/b> \u2014 Duplicate ale utilitarelor de baz\u0103 incluse \u00een Zimbra Collaboration Suite
\nslocate\/updatedb<\/b> \u2014 Deoarece Zimbra stocheaz\u0103 fiecare mesaj \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier separat, rularea zilnic\u0103 a serviciului updatedb poate provoca probleme, a\u0219a c\u0103 este recomandat s\u0103 se fac\u0103 manual \u00een timpul unei perioade de \u00eenc\u0103rcare minim\u0103 pe servere.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nEconomisirea resurselor sistemului prin dezactivarea acestor servicii nu va fi foarte semnificativ\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 chiar \u0219i a\u0219a poate fi de mare ajutor \u00een condi\u021bii de for\u021b\u0103 major\u0103. Dup\u0103 ce noul server a fost ad\u0103ugat \u00een infrastructura Zimbra, este recomandat s\u0103 se reactiveze serviciile dezactivate anterior.<\/p>\n

De asemenea, se poate optimiza func\u021bionarea Zimbra prin mutarea serviciului syslog pe un server separat, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu oboseasc\u0103 discurile fixe ale stoc\u0103rii po\u0219tei \u00een timpul utiliz\u0103rii. Orice computer, inclusiv un Raspberry Pi ieftin, este potrivit pentru aceste scopuri.
\n
Sursa: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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