{"id":33839,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/objectrepository-net-in-memory-repository-pattern-dlya-vashih-domashnih-proektov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:56","slug":"objectrepository-net-in-memory-repository-pattern-dlya-vashih-domashnih-proektov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/news\/objectrepository-net-in-memory-repository-pattern-dlya-vashih-domashnih-proektov","title":{"rendered":"ObjectRepository este un model de repository .NET \u00een memorie pentru proiectele tale personale","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"zachem-hranit-vse-dannye-v-pamyati\">De ce s\u0103 stoc\u0103m toate datele \u00een memorie?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pentru stocarea datelor site-ului sau backend-ului, prima op\u021biune pe care o aleg majoritatea oamenilor normali este o baz\u0103 de date SQL.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dar uneori apare g\u00e2ndul c\u0103 modelul de date nu se potrive\u0219te pentru SQL: de exemplu, \u00een construirea c\u0103ut\u0103rii sau a unui grafic social, este nevoie de c\u0103ut\u0103ri pe rela\u021bii complexe \u00eentre obiecte.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cea mai nepl\u0103cut\u0103 situa\u021bie este atunci c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi \u00eentr-o echip\u0103, iar un coleg nu \u0219tie s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 interog\u0103ri rapide. C\u00e2t timp a\u021bi petrecut rezolv\u00e2nd problemele N+1 \u0219i construind indice suplimentari, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t SELECT-ul de pe pagina principal\u0103 s\u0103 ruleze \u00eentr-un timp rezonabil?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>O alt\u0103 abordare popular\u0103 este NoSQL. Cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani \u00een urm\u0103, a fost un mare hype \u00een jurul acestei teme - pentru orice caz convenabil, s-a instalat MongoDB \u0219i s-au bucurat de r\u0103spunsurile sub form\u0103 de documente json <em>(de altfel, c\u00e2te solu\u021bii temporare a fost nevoie s\u0103 implementa\u021bi din cauza leg\u0103turilor circulare \u00een documente?)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V\u0103 propun s\u0103 \u00eencerc\u0103m \u00eenc\u0103 o metod\u0103 alternativ\u0103 - de ce s\u0103 nu \u00eencerc\u0103m s\u0103 stoc\u0103m toate datele \u00een memoria aplica\u021biei, salv\u00e2ndu-le periodic \u00eentr-un depozit arbitrar (fi\u0219ier, baz\u0103 de date remote)?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Memoria a devenit ieftin\u0103, iar datele posibile ale majorit\u0103\u021bii proiectelor mici \u0219i medii se pot \u00eencadra \u00een 1 GB de memorie. <em>(De exemplu, proiectul meu preferat de acas\u0103 - <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DiverOfDark\/BudgetTracker\">un tracker financiar<\/a><\/noindex>, care \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 statistici zilnice \u0219i istoricul cheltuielilor, soldurilor \u0219i tranzac\u021biilor de un an \u0219i jum\u0103tate, consum\u0103 doar 45 MB de memorie.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pro:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Accesul la date devine mai simplu - nu trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 face\u021bi griji cu privire la interog\u0103ri, \u00eenc\u0103rcare lene\u0219\u0103, particularit\u0103\u021bile ORM, iar lucrul se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 cu obiecte C# obi\u0219nuite;<\/li>\n<li>Nu exist\u0103 probleme legate de accesul din fire diferite;<\/li>\n<li>Foarte rapid - nu sunt cereri de re\u021bea, nu exist\u0103 traducerea codului \u00een limbaj de interogare, nu este necesar\u0103 (de)serializarea obiectelor;<\/li>\n<li>Acceptabil s\u0103 stoc\u0103m date \u00een orice format - fie \u00een XML pe disk, fie \u00een SQL Server, fie \u00een Azure Table Storage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dezavantaje:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se pierde scalabilitatea orizontal\u0103 \u0219i, ca urmare, nu se poate realiza implementarea f\u0103r\u0103 timp de nefunc\u021bionare;<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 aplica\u021bia se opre\u0219te - se pot pierde par\u021bial date. <em>(Dar, desigur, aplica\u021bia noastr\u0103 nu va c\u0103dea niciodat\u0103, nu-i a\u0219a?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kak-eto-rabotaet\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Algoritmul este urm\u0103torul:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La \u00eenceput, se stabile\u0219te o conexiune cu depozitul de date \u0219i se \u00eencarc\u0103 datele;<\/li>\n<li>Se construie\u0219te un model de obiecte, indec\u0219i primari \u0219i indec\u0219i de rela\u021bii (1:1, 1:Many);<\/li>\n<li>Se creeaz\u0103 o subscrip\u021bie la modific\u0103rile propriet\u0103\u021bilor obiectelor (INotifyPropertyChanged) \u0219i la ad\u0103ugarea sau eliminarea elementelor din colec\u021bie (INotifyCollectionChanged);<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2nd subscrip\u021bia este activat\u0103, obiectul modificat este ad\u0103ugat \u00een coada de scriere \u00een depozitul de date;<\/li>\n<li>Periodic (pe baz\u0103 de temporizator), modific\u0103rile sunt salvate \u00een fundal \u00een depozit;<\/li>\n<li>De asemenea, modific\u0103rile sunt salvate \u00een depozit la \u00eenchiderea aplica\u021biei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"primer-koda\">Exemplu de cod<\/h2>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Ad\u0103ug\u0103m dependen\u021bele necesare<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">\/\/ \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\nInstall-Package OutCode.EscapeTeams.ObjectRepository\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\n\/\/ \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\/\/ \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.\nInstall-Package OutCode.EscapeTeams.ObjectRepository.File\nInstall-Package OutCode.EscapeTeams.ObjectRepository.LiteDb\nInstall-Package OutCode.EscapeTeams.ObjectRepository.AzureTableStorage\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\n\/\/ \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e - \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f Hangfire\n\/\/ Install-Package OutCode.EscapeTeams.ObjectRepository.Hangfire<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Descriem modelul de date care va fi salvat \u00een depozit<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">public class ParentEntity : BaseEntity\n{\n    public ParentEntity(Guid id) =&gt; Id = id;\n}\n    \npublic class ChildEntity : BaseEntity\n{\n    public ChildEntity(Guid id) =&gt; Id = id;\n    public Guid ParentId { get; set; }\n    public string Value { get; set; }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Apoi, modelul de obiecte:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">public class ParentModel : ModelBase\n{\n    public ParentModel(ParentEntity entity)\n    {\n        Entity = entity;\n    }\n    \n    public ParentModel()\n    {\n        Entity = new ParentEntity(Guid.NewGuid());\n    }\n    \n    public Guid? NullableId =&gt; null;\n    \n    \/\/ Exemplu de rela\u021bie 1:Many\n    public IEnumerable Children =&gt; Multiple(x =&gt; x.ParentId);\n    \n    protected override BaseEntity Entity { get; }\n}\n    \npublic class ChildModel : ModelBase\n{\n    private ChildEntity _childEntity;\n    \n    public ChildModel(ChildEntity entity)\n    {\n        _childEntity = entity;\n    }\n    \n    public ChildModel() \n    {\n        _childEntity = new ChildEntity(Guid.NewGuid());\n    }\n    \n    public Guid ParentId\n    {\n        get =&gt; _childEntity.ParentId;\n        set =&gt; UpdateProperty(() =&gt; _childEntity.ParentId, value);\n    }\n    \n    public string Value\n    {\n        get =&gt; _childEntity.Value;\n        set =&gt; UpdateProperty(() =&gt; _childEntity.Value, value);\n    }\n    \n    \/\/ Acces cu c\u0103utare prin index\n    public ParentModel Parent =&gt; Single(ParentId);\n    \n    protected override BaseEntity Entity =&gt; _childEntity;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">\u0218i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, clasa-repositoriu pentru accesul la date:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">public class MyObjectRepository : ObjectRepositoryBase\n{\n    public MyObjectRepository(IStorage storage) : base(storage, NullLogger.Instance)\n    {\n        IsReadOnly = true; \/\/ Pentru teste, permite neefectuarea modific\u0103rilor \u00een baza de date\n    \n        AddType((ParentEntity x) =&gt; new ParentModel(x));\n        AddType((ChildEntity x) =&gt; new ChildModel(x));\n    \n        \/\/ Dac\u0103 se folose\u0219te Hangfire \u0219i este necesar\u0103 stocarea modelului de date pentru Hangfire \u00een ObjectRepository\n        \/\/ this.RegisterHangfireScheme();  \n    \n        Initialize();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Cre\u0103m o instan\u021b\u0103 a ObjectRepository:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">var memory = new MemoryStream();\nvar db = new LiteDatabase(memory);\nvar dbStorage = new LiteDbStorage(db);\n    \nvar repository = new MyObjectRepository(dbStorage);\nawait repository.WaitForInitialize();<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Dac\u0103 \u00een proiect va fi folosit HangFire<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services, ObjectRepository objectRepository)\n{\n    services.AddHangfire(s =&gt; s.UseHangfireStorage(objectRepository));\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Inserarea unui nou obiect:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">var newParent = new ParentModel()\nrepository.Add(newParent);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest apel, obiectul <strong>ParentModel<\/strong> se adaug\u0103 at\u00e2t \u00een cache-ul local, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een coada de scriere \u00een baza de date. Prin urmare, aceast\u0103 opera\u021biune dureaz\u0103 O(1), iar acest obiect poate fi utilizat imediat.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, pentru a g\u0103si acest obiect \u00een depozit \u0219i a verifica c\u0103 obiectul returnat este aceea\u0219i instan\u021b\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">var parents = repository.Set();\nvar myParent = parents.Find(newParent.Id);\nAssert.IsTrue(ReferenceEquals(myParent, newParent));<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een acest caz? <em>Set()<\/em> \u00eentoarce <em>TableDictionary<\/em>, care con\u021bine <em>ConcurrentDictionary<\/em> \u0219i ofer\u0103 func\u021bionalitate suplimentar\u0103 pentru indec\u0219ii primari \u0219i secunzi. Acest lucru permite metode pentru c\u0103utarea dup\u0103 Id (sau alte indec\u0219i personaliza\u021bi) f\u0103r\u0103 a parcurge \u00eentreaga colec\u021bie de obiecte.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd se adaug\u0103 obiecte \u00een <em>ObjectRepository<\/em> se adaug\u0103 o subscriere la modificarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor lor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t orice modificare a propriet\u0103\u021bilor determin\u0103, de asemenea, ad\u0103ugarea acestui obiect \u00een coada de scriere.\u00a0<br \/>\nActualizarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor din exterior arat\u0103 la fel ca \u0219i lucrul cu un obiect POCO:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">myParent.Children.First().Property = \"Valoare actualizat\u0103\";<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Un obiect poate fi \u0219ters \u00een urm\u0103toarele moduri:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">repository.Remove(myParent);\nrepository.RemoveRange(otherParents);\nrepository.Remove(x =&gt; !x.Children.Any());<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest caz, se face de asemenea ad\u0103ugarea obiectului \u00een coada de \u0219tergere.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kak-rabotaet-sohranenie\">Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 salvarea?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>ObjectRepository<\/em> la modificarea obiectelor urm\u0103rite (cum ar fi ad\u0103ugarea sau \u0219tergerea, precum \u0219i modificarea propriet\u0103\u021bilor) declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un eveniment <em>ModelChanged<\/em>, la care este abonat <em>IStorage<\/em>. Implement\u0103rile <em>IStorage<\/em> la apari\u021bia evenimentului <em>ModelChanged<\/em> \u00eeng\u0103duie modific\u0103rile \u00een 3 cozi \u2014 pentru ad\u0103ugare, pentru actualizare \u0219i pentru \u0219tergere.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, implement\u0103rile <em>IStorage<\/em> la ini\u021bializare creeaz\u0103 un temporizator, care la fiecare 5 secunde apeleaz\u0103 salvarea modific\u0103rilor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cen plus, exist\u0103 o API pentru apelarea for\u021bat\u0103 a salv\u0103rii: <strong>ObjectRepository.Save()<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00cenainte de fiecare salvare, se face mai \u00eent\u00e2i eliminarea din cozi a opera\u021biunilor inutile (de exemplu, duplicate de evenimente \u2014 c\u00e2nd obiectul a fost modificat de dou\u0103 ori sau ad\u0103ug\u0103ri\/\u0219tergeri rapide de obiecte), \u0219i abia apoi salvarea propriu-zis\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cen toate cazurile, se salveaz\u0103 \u00eentregul obiect actual, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t este posibil ca obiectele s\u0103 fie salvate \u00eentr-o ordine diferit\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de cea \u00een care au fost modificate, inclusiv s\u0103 fie salvate versiuni mai noi ale obiectelor dec\u00e2t \u00een momentul ad\u0103ug\u0103rii \u00een coad\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chto-est-eschyo\">Ce mai exist\u0103?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Toate bibliotecile se bazeaz\u0103 pe .NET Standard 2.0. Se pot utiliza \u00een orice proiect modern .NET.<\/li>\n<li>API este thread-safe. Colec\u021biile interne sunt implementate pe baza <em>ConcurrentDictionary<\/em>, iar handlerii de evenimente au fie bloc\u0103ri, fie nu necesit\u0103 acestea.\u00a0<br \/>\nSingurul lucru de re\u021binut este c\u0103, la finalizarea aplica\u021biei, trebuie s\u0103 apela\u021bi <em>ObjectRepository.Save();<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Indici arbitrarie (care necesit\u0103 unicitate):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"cs\">repository.Set&lt;ChildModel&gt;().AddIndex(x =&gt; x.Value);\nrepository.Set&lt;ChildModel&gt;().Find(x =&gt; x.Value, \"myValue\");<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"kto-eto-ispolzuet\">Cine folose\u0219te asta?<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Personal, am \u00eenceput s\u0103 folosesc aceast\u0103 abordare \u00een toate proiectele de hobby, deoarece este convenabil\u0103 \u0219i nu necesit\u0103 costuri mari pentru a scrie un strat de acces la date sau s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219or o infrastructur\u0103 greoaie. De obicei, pentru mine, suficient\u0103 este stocarea datelor \u00een litedb sau \u00eentr-un fi\u0219ier.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dar \u00een trecut, c\u00e2nd, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu echipa, am realizat startupul acum disp\u0103rut EscapeTeams (<em>credeam c\u0103 iat\u0103 banii \u2014 dar nu, din nou experien\u021ba<\/em>) \u2014 am utilizat Azure Table Storage pentru stocarea datelor.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"plany-na-buduschee\">Planuri de viitor<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vrem s\u0103 remediem una dintre principalele dezavantaje ale acestei abord\u0103ri \u2014 scalabilitatea orizontal\u0103. Pentru aceasta sunt necesare fie tranzac\u021bii distribuite (sic!), fie s\u0103 lu\u0103m o decizie ferm\u0103 c\u0103 acelea\u0219i date din instan\u021be diferite nu ar trebui s\u0103 se schimbe, fie s\u0103 permit\u0103 modific\u0103rile conform principiului \u201ecine e ultimul \u2014 acela are dreptate\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Din punct de vedere tehnic, v\u0103d o schem\u0103 posibil\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A stoca \u00een locul modelului de obiect EventLog \u0219i Snapshot<\/li>\n<li>A g\u0103si alte instan\u021be (ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd endpoint-uri pentru toate instan\u021bele \u00een set\u0103rile? descoperire udp? master\/slave?)<\/li>\n<li>A replica \u00eentre instan\u021be EventLog prin orice algoritm de consens, de exemplu RAFT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, exist\u0103 o alt\u0103 problem\u0103 care m\u0103 preocup\u0103 \u2014 \u0219tergerea \u00een cascad\u0103 sau detectarea cazurilor de \u0219tergere a obiectelor la care exist\u0103 referin\u021be din alte obiecte.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ishodnyy-kod\">Codul surs\u0103<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 a\u021bi citit p\u00e2n\u0103 aici \u2014 atunci r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar s\u0103 citi\u021bi codul, pe care \u00eel pute\u021bi g\u0103si pe GitHub:<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DiverOfDark\/ObjectRepository\">https:\/\/github.com\/DiverOfDark\/ObjectRepository<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/452232\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438? 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