{"id":34183,"date":"2019-10-31T21:56:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:56:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:56:52","slug":"smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/ro\/blog\/administrirovanie\/smpp-odnorangovyj-protokol-korotkih-soobshhenij","title":{"rendered":"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bun\u0103! Chiar dac\u0103 aplica\u021biile de mesagerie \u0219i re\u021belele sociale devin din ce \u00een ce mai populare, acest lucru nu reduce popularitatea SMS-urilor. Verific\u0103rile pe site-uri populare sau notific\u0103rile despre tranzac\u021bii le revin \u00eenapoi \u0219i vor continua s\u0103 existe. Te-ai \u00eentrebat vreodat\u0103 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 toate acestea? Foarte des, pentru trimiterea mesajelor \u00een mas\u0103 se folose\u0219te protocolul SMPP, despre care vom discuta mai jos.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPe Habr au mai fost articole despre SMPP, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/267991\">1<\/a><\/noindex>,<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/129150\">2<\/a><\/noindex>, dar scopul lor nu a fost descrierea propriu-zis\u0103 a protocolului. Desigur, po\u021bi \u00eencepe direct de la sursa original\u0103 \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/sms-assistent.by\/upload\/files\/SMPP-v3.4.rus.pdf\">specifica\u021bii<\/a><\/noindex>, dar cred c\u0103 ar fi bine s\u0103 existe \u0219i un rezumat concis. Voi explica prin exemplul v3.4. Apreciez critica ta obiectiv\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Protocolul SMPP este un protocol de mesaje peer-to-peer. Aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fiecare nod\/hub server are drepturi egale. \u00cen cel mai simplu caz, schema de schimb de mesaje SMS arat\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/aa25cfec4b0dad8ba0084e4ce794ad12.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nCu toate acestea, dac\u0103 operatorul na\u021bional nu are o rut\u0103 c\u0103tre o regiune \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103, el solicit\u0103 ajutorul unui intermediar \u2014 un hub SMS. Uneori, pentru a trimite un singur SMS, este necesar s\u0103 se construiasc\u0103 o lan\u021b \u00eentre mai multe \u021b\u0103ri sau chiar continente.<\/p>\n<h4>Despre protocol<\/h4>\n<p>\nSMPP este un protocol de nivel aplicativ, care se bazeaz\u0103 pe schimbul de PDU \u0219i este transmis peste TCP \/ IP sau sesiuni X25 pentru transmiterea mesajelor SMS \u0219i USSD. De obicei, SMPP este utilizat \u00een modul de conexiune permanent\u0103, acest lucru ajut\u00e2nd la economisirea timpului. SMPP utilizeaz\u0103 modelul de comunicare client \u2014 server.<\/p>\n<h4>Modul de comunicare<\/h4>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5c7ce6970df1425bf52a4486e7a8ba5c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSchimbul de mesaje \u00eentre expeditor \u0219i centrul SMS prin SMPP poate avea loc \u00een urm\u0103toarele moduri:<\/p>\n<p>Transmitter (transmi\u021b\u0103tor) \u2014 trimiterea mesajului \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 direc\u021bie, \u00een mod secven\u021bial.<br \/>\nReceiver (receiver) \u2014 doar primirea mesajelor de la centrul SMS. <br \/>\nTransreceiver (transmi\u021b\u0103tor-receiver) \u2014 Schimbul de mesaje \u00eentre centrul SMS \u0219i utilizator.<\/p>\n<h3>Structura<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/540b6bd37d65d116067957a8f01c848e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Lungimea mesajului<\/h3>\n<p>\nUn mesaj SMS poate con\u021bine 70 de caractere atunci c\u00e2nd este scris \u00een chirilic\u0103 \u0219i nu mai mult de 157 de caractere latine + 3 UDH. Dac\u0103 trimite\u021bi un SMS cu un num\u0103r mare de caractere, acesta va fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een mai multe segmente \u0219i reunit \u00een dispozitivul receptor. \u00cen cazul segment\u0103rii, num\u0103rul de caractere se reduce din cauza antetelor mesajului \u00een care se indic\u0103 partea mesajului. Prin urmare, atunci c\u00e2nd trimite\u021bi un SMS mare, acesta con\u021bine maximum 153 de caractere latine sau 67 de caractere neobi\u0219nuite.<\/p>\n<h3>Schema de codificare a datelor<\/h3>\n<p>\nCu toate acestea, pentru transmiterea unui mesaj, simbolurile trebuie codificate. \u00cen protocolul SMPP, codificarea este responsabilizat\u0103 de un c\u00e2mp special - Data Coding Scheme, sau DCS. Acest c\u00e2mp indic\u0103 modul \u00een care trebuie recunoscute mesajele. \u00cen plus, c\u00e2mpul DCS include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>setul de caractere care define\u0219te codificarea; <\/li>\n<li>clasa mesajului; <\/li>\n<li>cererea de \u0219tergere automat\u0103 dup\u0103 citire; <\/li>\n<li>indicarea comprim\u0103rii mesajului;<\/li>\n<li>limba mesajului de difuzare; <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAlfabetul standard de 7 bi\u021bi (GSM 03.38). A fost dezvoltat pentru sistemul de mesaje \u00een GSM. Aceast\u0103 codificare este potrivit\u0103 pentru limba englez\u0103 \u0219i unele limbi latine. Fiecare simbol const\u0103 \u00een 7 bi\u021bi \u0219i este codificat \u00een octet.<\/p>\n<p>UTF-16 (\u00een GSM UCS2) Pentru a include simbolurile lips\u0103 din alfabetul de 7 bi\u021bi, a fost dezvoltat\u0103 codificarea UTF-16, care adaug\u0103 simboluri suplimentare (inclusiv cele chirilice) prin reducerea dimensiunii mesajului de la 160 la 70; acest tip de codificare replicateaz\u0103 aproape complet Unicode.<\/p>\n<p>Date de 8 bi\u021bi definite de utilizator. Acestea includ KOI8-R \u0219i Windows-1251. De\u0219i aceast\u0103 solu\u021bie pare mai economic\u0103 comparativ cu UTF-16, apare o \u00eentrebare rezonabil\u0103 de compatibilitate pe diferite dispozitive. Deoarece \u00een acest caz, ambele dispozitive trebuie s\u0103 fie configurate dinainte.<\/p>\n<h3>Clasa mesajului <\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Class0, sau mesaj flash, care este salvat \u00een memoria telefonului la cererea utilizatorului; <\/li>\n<li>Class1, sau cele care sunt stocate \u00een memoria telefonului; <\/li>\n<li>Class1, sau cele care sunt stocate \u00een memoria telefonului; <\/li>\n<li>Class2, care trebuie s\u0103 garanteze c\u0103 mesajul va fi salvat \u00een memoria terminalului mobil, altfel trebuie s\u0103 transmit\u0103 o notificare centrului SMS despre imposibilitatea de a salva; <\/li>\n<li>Class3 - \u00een acest caz, telefonul trebuie s\u0103 trimit\u0103 o notificare c\u0103 mesajul poate fi salvat, indiferent de cantitatea de memorie din dispozitiv. Acest tip de mesaj implic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 mesajul a ajuns la destinatar;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tipul mesajului<\/h3>\n<p>\nSilent message (SMS0) Tipul de mesaj SMS f\u0103r\u0103 con\u021binut. Acest SMS vine f\u0103r\u0103 notificare \u0219i nu apare pe ecranul dispozitivului.<\/p>\n<h3>PDU<\/h3>\n<p>\nFiecare opera\u021bie PDU este pereche \u0219i const\u0103 dintr-o cerere \u0219i un r\u0103spuns. De exemplu: comanda care se refer\u0103 la stabilirea conexiunii (bind_transmitter \/ bind_transmitter_resp), sau despre faptul c\u0103 mesajul a fost transmis (deliver_sm \/ deliver_sm_resp)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/d8991ff61938fb3409cbde575bf2ba53.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nFiecare pachet PDU const\u0103 din dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi - antet (header) \u0219i corp (body). Structura antetului este identic\u0103 pentru orice pachet PDU: command length reprezint\u0103 lungimea pachetului, id este denumirea pachetului, iar comanda status indic\u0103 dac\u0103 mesajul a fost transmis cu succes sau cu eroare.<\/p>\n<h3>Parametrii suplimentari TLV<\/h3>\n<p>\nTLV (Tag Length Value), sau c\u00e2mpuri suplimentare. Ace\u0219ti parametri sunt utiliza\u021bi pentru a extinde func\u021biile protocolului \u0219i nu sunt obligatorii. Acest c\u00e2mp este specificat la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul c\u00e2mpului PDU. Ca exemplu, prin intermediul TLV dest_addr_np_information se poate organiza transmiterea informa\u021biilor despre portabilitatea num\u0103rului.<\/p>\n<h3>Ton \u0219i Npi<\/h3>\n<p>\nTON (Tipul Num\u0103rului) este un parametru care informeaz\u0103 SMSC despre formatul adres\u0103rii \u0219i tipul re\u021belei.<br \/>\nNPI (Identificarea Planului de Numerotare) este un parametru care indic\u0103 planul de numerotare.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/64e92c1c1563577b7d848a39c468f452.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Adresa de origine a mesajului sau numele alfa<\/h3>\n<p>\nMesajele trimise pe telefon pot fi de dou\u0103 tipuri: digitale \u0219i literale. Cele digitale pot fi lungi (asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu un num\u0103r de telefon) \u0219i scurte. Uneori, operatorii impun restric\u021bii asupra trimiterii din nume neutre, precum Infosms, Alert etc. Uneori, operatorii nu permit traficul dac\u0103 numele nu este \u00eenregistrat \u00een re\u021beaua lor. Cu toate acestea, aceasta este mai degrab\u0103 o particularitate a operatorului.<\/p>\n<h3>Etapele trimiterii<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"SMPP \u2014 un protocol peer-to-peer pentru mesaje scurte.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/5bf216e1383dfd923595c0e9ff5adcde.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>SMS-SUBMIT<\/b> \u2014 este trimiterea unui mesaj MO FSM (mesaj scurt de la terminalul mobil)<br \/>\n<b>SMS-SUBMIT REPORT<\/b> \u2014 confirmarea c\u0103 mesajul a fost trimis SMSC<br \/>\n<b>SRI SM<\/b> (SendRoutingInfo) - SMSC prime\u0219te informa\u021bii de la HLR privind loca\u021bia MSC\/VLR a abonatului<br \/>\n<b>SRI SM RESP<\/b> \u2014 r\u0103spuns de la HLR privind loca\u021bia abonatului<br \/>\n<b>MT-FSM<\/b> \u2014 dup\u0103 primirea loca\u021biei, se trimite mesajul folosind opera\u021bia \u201eForward Short Message\u201d<br \/>\n<b>MT-FSM ACK<\/b> \u2014 r\u0103spuns de la SMSC c\u0103 mesajul a fost trimis<br \/>\n<b>SMS-STATUS REPORT<\/b> \u2014 SMSC trimite statusul despre livrarea mesajului.<\/p>\n<h3>Statusul livr\u0103rii mesajului<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>SMS-STATUS REPORT<\/b> poate avea mai multe valori:<br \/>\n<b>DELIVRD<\/b> mesajul a fost livrat cu succes<br \/>\n<b>REJECTD<\/b> \u2014 mesajul a fost respins de SMS-center<br \/>\n<b>EXPIRED<\/b> \u2014 mesajul a fost \u0219ters din coada de trimitere dup\u0103 expirarea TTL (timpul de via\u021b\u0103 al mesajului)<br \/>\n<b>UNDELIV<\/b> \u2014 alte cazuri de nedelivery<br \/>\n<b>UNKNOWN<\/b>- nu s-a primit r\u0103spuns privind trimiterea.<\/p>\n<h3>Erorile de transmitere<\/h3>\n<p>\nUneori, exist\u0103 motive pentru care mesajele SMS nu ajung la abonat. Consecin\u021bele acestor motive sunt producerea de erori. Erorile sunt returnate \u00een PDUs_sms_resp. Toate erorile pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een erori temporare (Temporary) \u0219i permanente (Permanent). <\/p>\n<p>Ca exemplu, la temporare se pot \u00eencadra cazul \u00een care abonatul nu este disponibil sau nu este \u00een re\u021bea, iar la permanente \u2014 abonatul nu exist\u0103. Politica de retransmitere a acestor mesaje se formeaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de erorile care apar. <\/p>\n<p>De exemplu, dac\u0103 abonatul a fost ocupat cu o conversa\u021bie \u0219i a primit eroarea MT handset is busy, mesajul poate fi retransmis dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva minute, \u00eens\u0103, dac\u0103 serviciul de primire a mesajelor este blocat, retransmiterea nu va avea sens. Lista erorilor o pute\u021bi g\u0103si pe paginile SMSC, de exemplu, cum ar fi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.world-text.com\/docs\/msgerrors.php\">aceasta<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<br \/>Sursa: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/452842\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! \u0425\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u0441. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0410 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442? \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b SMPP, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442! 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